Prionus (Homaesthesis) integer LeConte, 1852

Santos-Silva, Antonio, Nearns, Eugenio H. & Swift, Ian P., 2016, Revision of the American species of the genus Prionus Geoffroy, 1762 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Prioninae, Prionini), Zootaxa 4134 (1), pp. 1-103 : 27-30

Prionus (Homaesthesis) integer LeConte, 1852

( Figs. 77–82 )

Prionus integer LeConte, 1851: 107 ; Melsheimer, 1853: 100; White, 1853: 100; LeConte, 1859: 48 (distr.); Lacordaire, 1868: 61 (note); Lameere, 1912a: 246; 1913: 78; 1919: 139; Knowlton & Tratcher, 1936: 278 (distr.); Weissmann & Kondratieff, 1999: 74 (distr.).

Homaesthesis integer ; Popenoe, 1877: 32 (distr.); Leng, 1884: 57, 59; Blanchard, 1887: 86; Snow, 1903: 198 (distr.); Knaus, 1904: 156; Fall & Cockerell, 1907: 191 (distr.).

Homaesthesis integra ; LeCone, 1873: 288; Lameere, 1883: 3 (checklist); LeConte & Horn, 1883: 273, 274; Casey, 1912: 253.

Prionus (Homaesthesis) integer ; Barr & Penrose, 1969: 92 (distr.; host); Hatch, 1971: 94; Penrose & Westcott, 1974: 236 (distr.); Hovore & Turnbow, 1984: 4 (key); Chemsak et al., 1992: 22 (checklist); Monné & Giesbert, 1994: 16 (checklist); Monné, 1995: 56 (cat.); Heffern, 1998: 6 (distr.); Monné & Hovore, 2005: 20; 2006: 19 (checklist); Özdikmen & Turgut, 2009: 410; Bezark & Monné, 2013: 27 (checklist).

Male ( Figs. 77–79 ). Integument dark reddish-brown; head, scape, pronotum, and margins of femora and tibiae dark-brown; antennomeres lighter from III to XII; elytra darker on basal one-third.

Head, excluding mandibles, about 0.8 times as long as prothorax at central area, elongate behind eyes (distance from posterior ocular edge to the prothorax about 1.0 times as long as length of upper eye lobe). Longitudinal dorsal furrow distinct from clypeus to prothoracic edge. Area between antennal tubercles and posterior ocular edge distinctly, widely sulcate; inside of sulcus coarsely, confluently punctate. Area between sulcus and eyes, coarsely, abundantly punctate. Central area between posterior ocular edge and prothorax, moderately coarsely, sparsely punctate (punctures notably smaller than between eyes). Area behind upper eye lobes coarsely, confluently punctate (punctures smaller than between eyes). Dorsal surface with abundant setae, except for centrally, between eyes and prothorax. Eyes proportionally large; distance between upper eye lobes about equal to length of scape; distance between lower eye lobes about equal to length of scape. Submentum trapezoid, punctate-vermiculated; with moderately long, abundant setae. Antennae with 13 segments; surpassing middle of elytra. Scape attaining posterior ocular edge; moderately finely, sparsely punctate, interspersed with a few coarse punctures. Antennomere III dorsally 1.4 times longer than scape, distinctly enlarged toward apex (distal width equal to 1.8 times basal width); on dorsal view, imbrication distinct, but not very projected; on ventral view, apex of imbrication slightly emarginate. Antennomere IV as long as 0.55 times III; imbrication dorsally similar to III, slightly more distinctly emarginated ventrally. Antennomeres V–VII with imbrication as in IV; apex of imbrication in VIII–XII not emarginate.

Maximum prothoracic width 0.75 times elytral base; anterolateral angle not projected forward, sublinear toward lateral tooth; lateral tooth large, acute, placed slightly before middle; margin between lateral tooth and posterolateral angle straight; posterolateral angle rounded. Pronotum convex, slightly explanate laterally; center of disc finely, sparsely punctate, almost glabrous; distinctly coarsely, densely punctate laterally, with long, abundant setae. Prosternum densely punctate, with long, abundant setae. Prosternal process finely, abundantly punctate, with long, abundant setae laterally and distally. Elytra moderately finely, abundant punctate, somewhat finely rugose throughout; each elytron with three carinae; outer apical angle rounded, sutural angle projected. Metasternum and metepisterna finely, densely punctate, with long, abundant setae throughout; metasternum slightly longer than ventrites I–IV together.

Ventrites finely, sparsely punctate, with short sparse setae (distinctly longer and denser on I and II laterally). Ventrite V truncate, surface depressed centrally on distal one-half. Metatarsomeres I–III notably spined at apex (most distinct on lobes of metatarsomere III).

Female ( Figs. 80–82 ). Integument mostly dark-brown; antennomeres reddish-brown, lighter toward apex. Head, excluding mandibles, about as long as prothorax at middle. Sculpture on dorsal surface of head and area behind eyes similar to that in male, but punctures inside of sulcus finer. Distance between upper eye lobes about equal to length of scape; distance between lower eye lobes slightly larger than length of scape. Frons and vertex almost glabrous. Submentum similar as in male. Antennae with 13 segments, slightly surpassing basal one-third of elytra. Scape more slender than in male, not reaching posterior ocular edge. Antennomere III 0.9 times as long as scape; antennomeres III–XII without distinct imbrication, distinctly projected after VI at outer distal edge. Prothorax as in male, except glabrous. Metasternum glabrous, slightly longer than ventrite I. Ventrites almost glabrous.

Dimensions in mm (male/female). Total length (including mandibles), 24.0/25.5–21.0; prothoracic length at center, 4.0/4.5–3.0; greatest prothoracic width, 8.0/9.0–6.5; humeral width, 11.0/10.5–9.0; elytral length, 17.0/ 16.5–15.0.

Geographical distribution. LeConte (1859) included P. i n t e ge r in a list of Coleoptera from Kansas and Nebraska. He did not specify if the species occurs in one or in both states. Knaus (1904) was the first after LeConte (1852) to give a detailed new record for P. integer , a location in New Mexico: “One specimen, Cloudcroft. N.” Actually, it is not possible to know if the records after the original description really are of the species described by LeConte (1852). But we know that the redescriptions in Linsley (1962) and Chemsak (1996) do not agree with LeConte’s species. Heffern (1998) listed the states in USA where the bibliography, at that time, mentioned P. integer : “CO, ID, KS, NM, NV, OR, UT.” The only specimen examined by us from outside Colorado is from Idaho.

Type, type locality. Holotype male from USA (“near Pike’s Peak, Rocky Mountains”, Colorado). Figured at http://www.mcz.harvard.edu/

Material examined. USA, Colorado: Male holotype. Idaho: Atlanta, 1 female [no other data] ( MCZ); Bent Co., 2 males, 2 females, 10.5 mi N CO-194 & 0.3 mi N C.R. UU on C.R. 10, N38.235201, W103.235015, 22.vi.2014, T.C. MacRae & J. Huether, crawling on ground along road in shortgrass prairie early evening in vicinity of prionic acid-baited trap ( MZSP).

Remarks. The date of publication for the paper in which LeConte described Prionus integer is controversial. For example, Lameere (1912, 1913, 1919) and Linsley (1962) indicated 1852, while Monné (1995), Chemsak (1996) and Monné & Hovore (2005, 2006) indicated 1851. The “Contents” of the “Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia” recorded: “PART II. JANUARY, 1852” / “Art. XIII.—An attempt to classify the Longicorn Coleoptera of the part of America North of Mexico. By John L. Le Conte, M. D.” In the same page, it was indicated that extra copies were printed for the author in October, 1851. As there is no evidence that LeConte received and distributed his copies before the formal publication, we think that the correct date is 1852. Also, Skinner et al. (1913) recorded that the magazine was “presented to Academy meeting, February 3, 1852 ”, and Henshaw (1878) recorded: “Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. of Phil., 1852, s. 2, v. 2, p. 99–112.”

Leng (1884) recorded: “Thorax slightly punctured, not pubescent, lateral tooth acute… integer .”; and “The acute lateral tooth of thorax, and the lack of pubescence will serve to at once distinguish this species… Hab. Col. and West. States.” Although LeConte (1852a) did not mention the presence of pubescence on the pronotum, it is possible to see in photographs of the holotype that there are distinct setae laterally.

Females of this species are very similar to females of P. geminus sp. nov., including shape of antennomeres. However, the females studied of P. geminus sp. nov. are distinctly lighter than females examined of this species. See remarks on Prionus (Prionus) geminus sp. nov.

Figures

FIGURES 77 – 82. Prionus (Homaesthesis) integer: 77, holotype male, dorsal habitus; 78, holotype male, ventral habitus; 79, holotype male, head, ventral view; 80, female, head, frontal view; 81, female, dorsal habitus; 82, female, ventral habitus.