Tosana longipinnis, Gill & Pogonoski & Johnson & Tea, 2021

Gill, Anthony C., Pogonoski, John J., Johnson, Jeffrey W. & Tea, Yi-Kai, 2021, Three new species ofAustralian anthiadine fishes, with comments on the monophyly of Pseudanthias Bleeker (Teleostei: Serranidae), Zootaxa 4996 (1), pp. 49-82 : 63-68

Tosana longipinnis n. sp.

Figures 6–8 ; Tables 1, 4–8

English common name: Longfin Threadtail Anthias urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7FAFB6BF-02AA-4184-8A3D-B2721AB8640D

Tosana niwae [non Smith & Pope, 1906]; Kuiter, 2004: 85 (colour photo; distribution in part).

Holotype. CSIRO H 7276-06 , 88.4 mm SL, Australia, Queensland, Swains Reefs , from 22°17.27′S, 153°17.70′E to 22°11.11′S, 153°13.47′E, 190–192 m, prawn trawl, C. Rigby, FV Benjamin, 20 Jun 2011 ( Fig. 6A ) (COI: BOLD FOAN1159-11 ).

Paratypes (n = 41). AMS I.25802-015, 3: 65.0–68.0 mm SL, Australia, Queensland, off Hinchinbrook Island , 18°00′S, 147°01′E, 224–228 m, demersal trawl, M. McGrouther & S.E. Reader , RV Soela , 9 Jan 1986 ; AMS I.25803-004, 3: 58.6–80.0 mm SL, northeast of Townsville , Queensland, 17°57′S, 146°58′E, 220 m, bottom trawl, M. McGrouther & S. Reader , RV Soela , 9 Jan 1986 ; AMS I.25810-003, 2: 84.5–86.4 mm SL, Australia, Queensland, north of Townsville , 18°01′S, 147°04′E, 220 m, demersal trawl, M. McGrouther & S.E. Reader , RV Soela , 11 Jan 1986 ; AMS I.25812-009, 55.0 mm SL, Australia, Queensland, north of Townsville , 18°00′S 147°01′E, 222–228 m, bottom trawl, M. McGrouther & S.E. Reader , RV Soela , 12 Jan 1986 ; AMS I.33445-001, 87.7 mm SL, Australia, New South Wales, off Newcastle , 32°53′S, 152°00′E, 68–75 m, demersal prawn trawl, K.J. Graham, FRV Kapala , 14 Apr 1992 ( Fig. 6B ) ; AMS I.34445-002, 91.9 mm SL, Australia, New South Wales, off Newcastle , 33°04′S, 151°56′E, 115–117 m, bottom trawl, K.J. Graham, FRV Kapala , 28 Oct 1993 ; AMS I.36256-002, 106.5 mm SL, Australia, New South Wales, off Newcastle , mid-shelf, from 33°02′S, 151°59′E to 33°05′S, 152°01′E, 119–121 m, bottom trawl, K.J. Graham, FRV Kapala , 22 Feb 1994 ; AMS I.37476-001, 73.2 mm SL, Australia, New South Wales, off Newcastle , 33°08′S, 151°45′E, 62–68 m, bottom trawl, FRV Kapala , 1 May 1995 ; AMS I.37602-001, 91.0 mm SL, Australia, Queensland, east of Swain Reefs , 21°50.37′S, 153°00.73′E. 201 m, J. Lowry & K. Dempsey, FV Capricorn, 15 Sep 1995 ; AMS I.38088-012, 101.0 mm SL, Australia, Queensland, east of Swain Reefs, 21°50.98′S, 153°01.38′E, 199 m, bottom trawl, J. Lowry & K. Dempsey, FV Seadar Bay , 10 Sep 1995 ; CSIRO H 800-1 , 54.9 mm SL, Australia, Queensland, Queensland Trough , from 17°55.8′S, 146°58.2′E to 17°52.7′S, 146°55.8′E, 250–252, lobster trawl, FRV Soela, 30 Nov 1985 ; CSIRO H 6247-08 , 81.6 mm SL, Australia, Queensland, south of Swain Reefs , from 22°26.12′S, 152°40.93′E to 22°25.92′S, 152°51.49′E, 112–115 m, demersal trawl, D. Gledhill, FRV Gwendoline May, 23 Apr 2004 ; CSIRO H 6247-09 , 61.3 mm SL, collected with CSIRO H 6247-08 ; CSIRO H 7276-07 , 100.0 mm SL, collected with holotype (COI: BOLD FOAN1160-11 ) ; CSIRO H 7578-01 , 91.8 mm SL, Australia, Queensland, Swain Reefs , from 21°40.66′S, 152°53.74′E to 21°46.63′S, 152°56.43′E, 176–188 m, prawn trawl, C. Rigby, FV Maddison, 4 Apr 2012 (COI: BOLD FOAO103-14 ) ; QM I. 32696, 110 mm SL, Australia, Queensland, east of Noosa , 26°24′S, 153°39′E, 104 m, trawl, Queensland Fisheries Service, 22 Jun 2001 ; QM I.38645, 3: 88.5–104.9 mm SL, Australia, Queensland, Capricorn Channel , 22°49′S, 152°29′E, 131 m, trawl, Queensland Fisheries Service, 2009 ; QM I.38970, 9: 70.7–112.4 mm SL, Australia, Queensland, east of Noosa , 26°23′E, 153°39′E, 110 m, trawl, Queensland Fisheries Service, 19 Oct 2010 ; QM I.38972, 3: 112.2–118.1 mm SL, Australia, Queensland, east of Noosa , 26°25′S, 153°35′E, 117 m, trawl, Queensland Fisheries Service, 19 Oct 2010 ; QM I.38974, 2: 79.6–98.6 mm SL, Australia, Queensland, east-northeast of Noosa , 26°19′S, 153°45′E, 113 m, trawl, Queensland Fisheries Service, 19 Oct 2010 ; QM I.38976, 2: 107.0–108.0 mm SL, Australia, Queensland, east-southeast of Noosa , 26°27′S, 153°35′E, 126 m, trawl, Queensland Fisheries Service, 19 Oct 2010 ; QM I.41020, 108.0 mm SL, Australia, Queensland, east of Coolum , 26°32′S, 153°36′E, 115 m, trawl, Queensland Fisheries Ser- vice, 19 Oct 2010 .

Diagnosis. Tosana longipinnis is distinguished from congeners in having relatively long pectoral fins (28.9– 35.3% SL). The combination of relatively high numbers of lateral-line scales (33–41, usually 37–40), and relatively long anal rays (longest ray 23.8–52.2% SL) will also distinguish the species.

Description. Frequency distributions for selected meristic characters are provided in Table 5. Dorsal rays X,14 (one paratype with X,13), all segmented rays branched; anal rays III,7, all segmented rays branched; pectoral rays 16/16 (15–17), ray branching ii,5,ix/ii,5,ix (rays variably branched in paratypes; Table 4); pelvic rays I,5, all segmented rays branched; principal caudal rays 9+8; branched caudal rays 7+6 (6–7+6); upper procurrent caudal rays 9 (8–10); lower procurrent caudal rays 9 (7–10); total caudal rays 35 (32–37); lateral-line scales 38/39 (33–41); scales above lateral line to origin of dorsal fin 4/5 (4–6); scales above lateral line to base of fifth dorsal spine 3/? (2–4); scales below lateral line to origin of anal fin 16/16 (14–17); circumpeduncular scales 23 (21–26); gill rakers 10+25 (8–11+22–26=32–37); branchiostegal rays 7; pseudobranch filaments 17 (15–20).

Morphometric values are presented in Table 6.

Vertebrae 10+16; supraneurals 2; predorsal formula 0/0/2/1+1; main shaft (proximal component) of first dorsal pterygiophore almost vertical, the distal end slightly posterior to vertical through proximal tip; dorsal pterygiophores in interneural spaces 9–13 1/1/1+1/1/1+1 (1/1/1+1/1/1+1, 1/1/1+1/1/1, or 1/1+1/1/1/1+1); terminal dorsal pterygiophore in interneural space 18; no trisegmental pterygiophores associated with dorsal fin; proximal tip of first anal pterygiophore between parapophyses and haemal spine on vertebra 11; terminal anal pterygiophore in interhaemal space 5; no trisegmental pterygiophores associated with anal fin; ribs present on vertebrae 3 through 10; epineurals present on vertebrae 1 through 12 (11–12); well-developed paired parapophyses present on first caudal vertebra; parhypural and hypurals autogenous; well-developed hypurapophysis on parhypural; epurals 3; single uroneural (posterior uroneural absent); ventral tip of cleithrum with well-developed posteroventral process ( Fig. 7 ).

Dorsal-fin origin slightly in front of vertical through posterior edge of operculum; third or fourth dorsal spine longest; distal tips of dorsal spines with fleshy tabs; dorsal fin not incised before first segmented ray; soft dorsal fin pointed, 11 th or 12 th ray longest, sometimes filamentous; second or third anal spine longest, second spine stoutest; anal fin pointed, with third to fifth segmented ray longest, often filamentous; caudal fin lunate with filamentous tips; pectoral bluntly pointed, reaching beyond anal origin; second pelvic ray longest, often filamentous, reaching beyond anal origin.

Mouth large, oblique, posterior margin of maxilla reaching to point ranging from vertical through posterior edge of pupil to vertical through posterior edge of eye; mouth terminal, lower jaw projecting slightly; premaxilla with 1 or 2 enlarged canines anterolaterally, a band of small conical teeth about 4 or 5 rows wide at symphysis reducing to 1 or 2 rows on sides of jaw, with the outer-row teeth much larger, those of posterior half of jaw curved anteriorly; 1 or 2 posterior teeth in band nearest symphysis enlarged and caniniform, lying almost flat against roof of mouth; dentary with 1 or 2 laterally curved, enlarged canines at front of jaw, followed by band of small conical teeth about 3 or 4 rows wide reducing to 1 or 2 rows posteriorly, the outer-row teeth much larger, those of posterior part of jaw curved anteriorly; anterior third of dentary with 1 or 2 enlarged, posteriorly curved canines outside band of teeth; vomer with small triangular patch of small conical teeth, about 5 rows wide in midline; palatine with a narrow band of small conical teeth, 5 rows wide at widest point; ectopterygoid, mesopterygoid, and tongue edentate.

Opercle with 3 flat spines, middle spine longest, upper spine often inconspicuous; preopercle with 44/47 (20– 50) serrations, largest near preopercle angle, weakly developed or absent on ventral edge of bone; interopercle with 5/4 relatively large serrations (varying from 0–8 and weakly to well developed, though usually absent or very weakly developed in paratypes); subopercle with 9/8 relatively large serrations (varying from 0–8 and weakly to well developed, though usually absent or very weakly developed in paratypes); posttemporal with 3/3 (0–4) fine serrations. Anterior nostril positioned at middle of snout, tubular with small flap on posterior rim, flap reaching about 2/3 distance to posterior nostril when laid back; posterior nostril at mid-upper, anterior border of orbit, covered by thin, narrow membrane anteriorly, membrane bearing small flap. No papillae on posterior rim of orbit. Snout not hypertrophied with papillae at symphysis.

Scales ctenoid with peripheral cteni ( Roberts, 1993); lateral line broadly arched over pectoral fin, following body contour to caudal-fin base; head scaly, including mandibles, chin, maxilla, snout, and infraorbitals, no scales on lips or in area around nostrils; no auxiliary scales on body, sometimes a few auxiliary scales on nape or head; low scaly sheath on soft dorsal and anal fins, with indistinct small scales present between segmented rays; caudal fin with scaly basal sheath, with small scales extending over almost all of fin, except for fin tips and posterior part of membranes of middle rays; pectoral fins with basal, wedge-shaped sheath of small scales.

Colour when fresh (based on photographs of holotype, and of paratypes from off Queensland and off central New South Wales when freshly dead; Fig. 6 ): head pinkish brown to tan dorsally, pale pinkish to greenish grey ventrally, sometimes with pink or yellow markings (narrow pink stripe from tip of upper lip to anterior edge of eye; broader yellow stripe beneath pink stripe, extending from upper lip to lower anterior edge of eye; broad yellow stripe from behind upper edge of eye at about 2 o’clock position to posterior edge of opercle, narrowly edged dorsally with pink; short yellow stripe from preopercle to posterior edge of operculum, at about level with ventral edge of eye, the area between yellow stripes on operculum silvery pink to pink; anterior part of lower jaw pinkish grey); iris pale yellow, narrowly dark grey dorsally and ventrally, with bluish grey crescent anteriorly and either broad pink stripe ventrally or broad pink ring around pupil; body and caudal peduncle narrowly tan dorsally, broadly pink to silvery pink mid-laterally, becoming tan on lower part of caudal peduncle and area immediately above analfin base, and bluish or greenish white to bright white on breast and lower abdomen; scales within upper tan region and upper part of pink region each with brown to orange crescent; pink area on body with greyish purple chevrons following myosepta; yellow stripes on head sometimes extending on to body; spinous part of dorsal fin pale pink to bright pink, yellow distally, with pale pink to yellow spot behind base of each spine, and additional spot on middle of inter-radial membrane behind fourth spine; soft part of dorsal fin similar, with four (anteriorly) to six (posteriorly) columns of yellow spots along each inter-radial membrane; anal fin pinkish hyaline, with faint yellow submarginal oblique stripe along anterior part of fin; caudal fin yellow, sometimes with submarginal pale pink to red stripe extending along each lobe of fin, and distal tips of central few rays sometimes with purple-pink spot; pelvic and pectoral fins yellowish to whitish hyaline.

Colour in preservative: Head and body pale tan; orange to brown crescents on upper body and greyish purple chevrons on sides remain, becoming dusky brown; fins pale tan to hyaline, without markings.

Habitat and distribution. Found off the east coast of Australia in the western Coral and Tasman Seas, from about 18– 33°S ( Fig. 8 ). Only known from bottom trawls in 62–228 m, it appears to be found at the shallower end of these depths in the southern part of its range.

Comparisons. See below.

Etymology. The specific epithet alludes to the characteristic long pectoral fins of the species.

Remarks. As noted above, this species has been collected with Pseudanthias paralourgus in southeast Queensland, and possibly serves as the model for social mimicry with that species. Kuiter (2004) reported this species from eastern Australia as T. niwae . His image is from the same photo as ours by K.J. Graham of a paratype ( Fig. 6B ). The anterior portion of the dorsal fin of this specimen (AMS I.33445-001) is damaged, so that the third dorsal spine appears to be absent (although actually imbedded in tissue along the dorsal-fin base). The third spine has been reconstructed digitally in Kuiter’s photo. His photo has also been enhanced so the colours are more vivid, with more extensive bright yellow coloration on the body.

Figures

FIGURE 6. Tosana longipinnis n. sp.: A) CSIRO H 7276-06, 88.4 mm SL holotype, previously frozen, off Swains Reefs, Queensland, Australia (photo by J.J. Pogonoski); B) AMS I.33445-001, 87.7 mm SL, paratype, freshly dead, off Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia (photo by K.J. Graham). Note that the third dorsal spine in B is absent.

FIGURE 7. Tosana longipinnis n. sp., CSIRO H 7276-06, 88.4 mm SL holotype, x-radiograph. Radiograph by J.J. Pogonoski.

FIGURE 8. Distribution records for Tosana dampieriensis n. sp. (pink circles) and T. longipinnis n. sp. (blue squares). Type localities outlined in black.