Bengalia torosa Wiedemann, 1819
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4391.1.1 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:93A0AF58-9FD7-417F-9019-BC6C72423C1B |
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6494440 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB87D5-FF84-FFF7-FF3A-FC67FA5CF9DF |
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treatment provided by |
Plazi |
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scientific name |
Bengalia torosa Wiedemann |
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Key to males of the Bengalia torosa Wiedemann View in CoL species group
All B. torosa species-group species lack discal setae on T5. This feature is shared with species belonging to the B. labiata Robineau-Desvoidy species-group [equivalent to the subfamily “ Bengaliinae ” of Lehrer (2005)]. All species in the latter group have a ventrally pointed (“gourd-shaped”) greater ampulla ( Figs 259, 262 View FIGURES 257–262 ) and a pair of strong marginal setae on ST4 ( Rueda 1985; Kurahashi & Magpayo 2000), whereas the greater ampulla in the B. torosa species-group is always oval ( Figs 151 View FIGURES 149–158 , 172 View FIGURES 171–182 , 195 View FIGURES 193–206 , 256 View FIGURES 251–256 ). Species in the torosa -group are in general very similar to one another. Good starting points for identification of male specimens are the shape of the ST5 flap and the pattern of strong ventral setae on the fore tibia. However, the shape of the ST5 flap is variable (especially in B. kanoi , see Figs 138–148 View FIGURES 131–148 ) and should be used with caution. Note also that its shape may be difficult to ascertain in dry specimens, because it does not always present itself in its broadest aspect (compare Figs 28 and 30 View FIGURES 21–30 ), and the lack of microtrichia close to the margin may obscure its true shape. The anepimeron also provides useful characters. Its vestiture is often all pale, or consists of a bundle of black setulae in the upper part and pale or dark setulae in the lower part. Colour pattern should be used with caution. Very dark specimens may occur in species that normally are rather pale, and the opposite is also sometimes true. As a general rule, the phallus (aedeagus) should always be examined for safe identification. Some females may be identified from the typical external features also found in males (e.g., B. escheri and B. torosa ), and with a fair degree of certainty if they have been captured together with males all belonging to a single species. So far, the ovipositor has not been investigated for any species of the B. torosa species-group.
1 Posterior margin of eye with a distinct concavity in profile ( Fig. 207 View FIGURES 207–212 ); fore tibia ventrally with two groups of spinous setae in a 5+2 pattern ( Fig. 209 View FIGURES 207–212 ); no strong erect marginal setae on T4; distance between vibrissae equal to or less than distance between vibrissa and eye; transverse line connecting vibrissae separated from lower facial margin by a distance greater than width of first flagellomere ( Fig. 208 View FIGURES 207–212 ); clypeus strongly projecting below lower facial margin ( Fig. 208 View FIGURES 207–212 ); anepimeron with pale setulae only ( Fig. 212 View FIGURES 207–212 )............................................................... Bengalia torosa (Wiedemann) View in CoL
- Posterior margin of eye straight, without a concavity in profile ( Figs 106 View FIGURES 100–113 , 252 View FIGURES 251–256 ); fore tibia with a single group of spinous setae ventrally; strong marginal setae present on T4; distance between vibrissae greater than distance between vibrissae and eye; vibrissa level with lower facial margin; clypeus less strongly projecting below lower facial margin; anepimeron with pale setulae only or at least a group of black setulae in upper part..................................................... 2
2 Anepimeron with pale setulae only (as in Figs 12 View FIGURES 1–14 and 212 View FIGURES 207–212 )..................................................... 3
- Anepimeron with black setulae all over, or black setulae in a group in upper part in combination with exclusively or several
pale setulae in lower part (as in Fig. 92 View FIGURES 89–99 ) ( B. kanoi View in CoL very rarely without black setulae or with a single black setula on anepimeron)............................................................................................... 6 3 Tegula black, sometimes with a pale margin ( Fig. 9 View FIGURES 1–14 ); mesonotum and mesopleuron bluish grey ( Figs 3, 12 View FIGURES 1–14 ); T4 and T5 with broad dark marginal bands ( Fig. 4 View FIGURES 1–14 ), often appearing all dark; T1+2 and T3 mostly yellow with dark marginal bands ( Fig. 4 View FIGURES 1–14 ), sometimes with middorsal dark stripe; ST5 flap large, triangular-circular ( Figs 10–11 View FIGURES 1–14 ); bacilliform sclerite process of complex structure ( Fig. 20 View FIGURES 15–20 ); semidomes forming an almost perfectly circular structure when viewed apically ( Fig. 18 View FIGURES 15–20 )........................................................................................... Bengalia chekiangensis Fan
- Tegula yellow; mesonotum and mesopleuron yellowish-brown, not bluish; semidomes not forming an almost perfectly circular structure when viewed apically........................................................................... 4
4 Anepisternum usually dark in upper third ( Fig. 242 View FIGURES 237–244 ); T5 yellow on disc ( Fig. 241 View FIGURES 237–244 ); ST5 flap asymmetric ( Figs 239–240 View FIGURES 237–244 ); cercus with pronounced dorsal projections ( Fig. 238 View FIGURES 237–244 ), appearing as pale buttons in posterior view ( Fig. 237 View FIGURES 237–244 )........................................................................................ Bengalia xanthopyga Senior-White View in CoL
- Anepisternum usually all yellow; T5 yellow or dark on disc; cercus without such projections......................... 5
5 Abdominal tergites with broad hind marginal bands, occupying about a third of tergite length; ST5 flap longer than wide, with a nick in the distal edge and with a narrow projection, almost as long as the flap itself, alongside it on both sides ( Figs 42, 45 View FIGURES 37–46 ); bacilliform sclerite process long, thin and pointed ( Fig. 38 View FIGURES 37–46 ); distal lip process (dlp) large, like a half cylindrical tube directed apically, with a distal nick ( Figs 39–41 View FIGURES 37–46 ).............................................. Bengalia concava Malloch View in CoL
- Abdominal tergites with very narrow black marginal bands ( Fig. 196 View FIGURES 193–206 ), T5 all pale or with a narrow dark marginal band; ST5 flap very short, much shorter than wide ( Figs 186 View FIGURES 183–192 , 197–198, 203–204, 206 View FIGURES 193–206 ), without narrow projections alongside it; bacilliform sclerite process with a backward projection ( Figs 185 View FIGURES 183–192 , 202, 205 View FIGURES 193–206 ); distal lip projection bifid ( Figs 187–188, 191 View FIGURES 183–192 )...................................................................................... Bengalia recurva Malloch View in CoL
6 Wing with pale area around r-m crossvein ( Figs 61 View FIGURES 60–66 , 67 View FIGURES 67–76 , 95 View FIGURES 89–99 ) (easier to see on actual specimens than in the photographs); distal lip process apparently bifid in anterior view ( Figs 57 View FIGURES 47–59 , 86 View FIGURES 77-88 ).................................................... 7
- Wing without pale area around r-m crossvein; distal lip process different......................................... 8
7 Pale species. ST5 flap as in Figs 80, 83 View FIGURES 77-88 , 91, 96 View FIGURES 89–99 . Narrow black marginal bands on T1+2–4 ( Figs 94, 99 View FIGURES 89–99 ). Fore tibial vestiture as in Fig. 90 View FIGURES 89–99 . Femora yellow. Anepimeron with a bundle of dark setulae in upper part, and with pale setulae in more than lower half ( Fig. 92 View FIGURES 89–99 ). Bacilliform sclerite process distally with an apically rounded projection directed towards hypandrium, and a narrow pointed projection directed towards base of cercus; lower edge of bacilliform sclerite process strongly concave ( Figs 78– 79 View FIGURES 77-88 )........................................................................... Bengalia fuscipennis Bezzi View in CoL
- Dark species. ST5 flap as in Figs 51–52 View FIGURES 47–59 , 68 View FIGURES 67–76 . Usually with broad black marginal bands on T1+2–4 ( Figs 61–62 View FIGURES 60–66 ). Fore tibial vestiture as in Figs 59 View FIGURES 47–59 , 64 View FIGURES 60–66 , 73–74 View FIGURES 67–76 . Femora dark in distal half ( Fig. 60 View FIGURES 60–66 ). Anepimeron usually with dark setulae all over, sometimes with some pale setulae in much less than lower half ( Fig. 70 View FIGURES 67–76 ). Bacilliform sclerite process distally without rounded projection directed towards hypandrium, only with the narrow pointed projection directed towards base of cercus; lower edge of bacilliform sclerite process straight ( Figs 49–50 View FIGURES 47–59 , 75–76 View FIGURES 67–76 )......................................... Bengalia escheri Bezzi View in CoL
8 ST5 flap as in Figs 107 View FIGURES 100–113 and 116 View FIGURES 114–125 , broad with hind edge straight or very slightly concave, with rounded lateral angles; distal lip process complex, broader than long and with broad lateral wing-like projecting membranes in dorsal view ( Figs 103, 105 View FIGURES 100–113 )................................................................................. Bengalia jejuna (Fabricius) View in CoL
- ST5 flap as in Figs 28, 30 View FIGURES 21–30 , 138–148 View FIGURES 131–148 , 168 View FIGURES 159–170 , 177–178 View FIGURES 171–182 ; distal lip process different ( Figs 31–34 View FIGURES 31–36 , 134 View FIGURES 131–148 , 154, 156–157 View FIGURES 149–158 , 162–164 View FIGURES 159–170 ).. 9
9 ST5 flap with broad and evenly convex distal edge ( Figs 28, 30 View FIGURES 21–30 ); pregonite elongate with a distal bifid tip ( Fig. 24 View FIGURES 21–30 ), postgonite with a broad tip, shaped as a bird’s head with a beak ( Fig. 24 View FIGURES 21–30 ); distal lip process a prominent trough or gutter with parallel edges and with low lateral walls at a right angle to floor of trough, with a narrow distal excavation ( Figs 31, 33 View FIGURES 31–36 ); semidomes with a horizontal upper edge forming an angle with lateral edge, as seen in apical view ( Fig. 34 View FIGURES 31–36 ).................................................................................... Bengalia chiangmaiensis Kurahashi & Tumrasvin View in CoL
- ST5 flap with a concave or straight distal edge ( Figs 138–148 View FIGURES 131–148 ), or distal edge with a small convex projection with concave sections on each side ( Figs 168 View FIGURES 159–170 , 177–178 View FIGURES 171–182 ); pre- and postgonite of the normal type ( Figs 136 View FIGURES 131–148 , 181 View FIGURES 171–182 ); distal lip process different, with lateral and ventral dentate keels ( Figs 134 View FIGURES 131–148 , 154, 156–157 View FIGURES 149–158 , 162–164 View FIGURES 159–170 ); semidomes different, upper edge rounded ( Fig. 154 View FIGURES 149–158 , 165 View FIGURES 159–170 ).................................................................................................. 10
10 Distal edge of ST5 flap varying from concave to straight ( Figs 138–148 View FIGURES 131–148 )........... Bengalia kanoi Kurahashi & Magpayo View in CoL
- Distal edge of ST5 flap with a small convex projection with concave sections on each side ( Figs 168 View FIGURES 159–170 , 177–178 View FIGURES 171–182 ).................................................................................. Bengalia martinleakei Senior-White View in CoL
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