Synosis

Broad, Gavin R. & Shaw, Mark R., 2005, The species of four genera of Metopiinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in Britain, with new host records and descriptions of four new species, Journal of Natural History 39 (26), pp. 2389-2407 : 2405-2406

Key for the identification of Western Palaearctic species of Synosis

1 Female (last visible metasomal sternite longer than wide, at least the tips of the ovipositor sheaths visible, ovipositor sometimes visible) (female of fieldi unknown) 2

– Male (last visible metasomal sternite wider than long, parameres usually visible). 5

2 Antennal flagellum with 26–28 segments............ 3

– Antennal flagellum with 29–30 segments............ 4

3 Fore wing with the anterior section of vein 3 rs-m; propodeum with the lateromedian longitudinal carinae converging narrowly, the combined carinae no wider than the thickness of the two carinae; the anterior lobe of the submetapleural carina angulate................. karvoneni Vikberg

– Fore wing lacking all trace of vein 3 rs-m; propodeum with either a short transverse carina separating the areas basalis and superomedia ( Figure 20 ) or the lateromedian longitudinal carinae converge in a more or less quadrate vestige of the carinae ( Figure 21 ); the anterior lobe of the submetapleural carina rounded.................. caesiellae sp. n.

4 Propodeum with a short transverse carina separating the areas basalis and superomedia ( Figure 15 ); malar space with an ill-defined division between the yellow of the face and the brown of the gena............ parenthesellae sp. n.

– Propodeum with the lateromedian longitudinal carinae converging narrowly, the combined carinae no wider than the thickness of the two carinae ( Tolkanitz 1977, Figure 4 ); malar space with a sharp division between the yellow of the face and the brown of the gena............. meridionalis Tolkanitz

5 Antennal flagellum with 26–28 segments............ 6

– Antennal flagellum with 30–32 segments............ 7

6 Malar space yellow; fore wing with the anterior section of vein 3 rs-m; propodeum with the lateromedian longitudinal carinae converging narrowly, the combined carinae no wider than the thickness of the two carinae, the anterior transverse carinae absent; the anterior lobe of the submetapleural carina angulate.... karvoneni Vikberg

– Malar space brown; fore wing lacking all trace of vein 3 rs-m; propodeum with either a short transverse carina separating the areas basalis and superomedia ( Figure 20 ) or the lateromedian longitudinal carinae converge in a more or less quadrate vestige of the carinae ( Figure 22 ), the anterior transverse carinae usually present as vestiges ( Figure 22 ); the anterior lobe of the submetapleural carina rounded.................. caesiellae sp. n.

7 Propodeum with area superomedia short and broad, barely longer than wide, and broadly confluent with area basalis ( Figure 18 ); ocelli large, ocellar–ocular distance about 0.68 times the length of a lateral ocellus ( Figure 17 ); face, in lateral view, bulging ( Figure 16 ).................. fieldi sp. n.

– Propodeum with area superomedia longer, obviously longer than wide ( Figure 15 ), separated from the area basalis; ocelli smaller, ocellar–ocular distance about 0.80 times the length of a lateral ocellus ( Figure 14 ); face, in lateral view, smoothly convex, not bulging.................. 8

8 Propodeum with a short transverse carina separating the areas basalis and superomedia ( Figure 15 ), the anterior transverse carinae represented by grooves................ parenthesellae sp. n.

– Propodeum with the lateromedian longitudinal carinae converging narrowly, the combined carinae no wider than the thickness of the two carinae ( Tolkanitz 1977, Figure 4 ), the anterior transverse carinae absent.... meridionalis Tolkanitz

Figures

Figures 19–22. Synosis caesiellae. (19) ♀, Port Appin, dorsal view of head showing ocelli. (20) ♀, Port Appin, propodeum. (21) ♀, Berrie Dale, ex?Carpatolechia, propodeum. (22) „, Burghfield, ex Swammerdamia, propodeum.

Figures 13–15. Synosis parenthesellae. (13) ♀, dorsal view of head showing ocelli. (14) „, dorsal view of head showing ocelli. (15) ♀, propodeum.

Figures 2–5. Apolophus borealis ♀. (2) Head, lateral view, showing narrow mandible. (3) Head and fore leg, showing long malar space and foreshortened tarsal segments. (4) Metasomal apex, showing large hypopygium. (5) Whole insect, lateral view.

Figures 16–18. Synosis fieldi. (16) „, face in lateral view (a), compared to „ S. caesiellae (b). (17) „, dorsal view of head showing ocelli. (18) „, propodeum.