Nesoecia huichihuayan, Barrientos-Lozano & Rocha-Sánchez & Fernández- Azuara & Sánchez-Reyes & Almaguer-Sierra, 2020

Barrientos-Lozano, Ludivina, Rocha-Sánchez, Aurora Y., Fernández- Azuara, Geovany J., Sánchez-Reyes, Uriel Jeshua & Almaguer-Sierra, Pedro, 2020, Cryptic new species of Nesoecia Scudder, 1893 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae Pseudophyllinae) from northeastern, Mexico, Zootaxa 4859 (4), pp. 451-486 : 453-458

Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp. Barrientos-Lozano & Fernández-Azuara

( Figs. 1-33 )

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5B57C300-D58B-48C5-B062-FA162D3CDF69

Examined material. Holotype ♂. Mexico, San Luis Potosí, Huehuetlán, Huichihuayán, 108 masl, 19.X.2018, 21°29.169’N 98°58.513’W, leg. L. Barrientos-Lozano, G.J. Fernández-Azuara, A.Y. Rocha-Sánchez. Paratypes. 3♀: 4♂, same data as holotype .

Diagnosis. N. huichihuayan n. sp., may be compared with N. nigrispina Stål (see Cigliano et al., 2020; http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org/Common/basic/ShowAllImages.aspx). It may be distinguished of the latter species by its larger size (37 mm males, 45 mm females vs. 34 and 35 mm N. nigrispina male and female, respectively; see Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1895; Cigliano et al., 2020) ( Figs. 1 , 13a ; 14 ). Tegmina ( Figs. 1 , 13a , 14 ) are slightly more elongated (8.3 mm males and 8.7 mm females vs. 7 mm in male and 8.0 mm in female N. nigrispina ); in females tegmina are broader and the distal apex does not overlap. In males, the stridulatory apparatus is of different shape and larger size ( Figs. 6-7 ); the cerci are shorter and proximally broader, tapering gradually, distally curved inwards, and bear a more acuminate apex spine ( Figs. 9-11 ); the subgenital plate ( Fig. 11 ) is distally more produced and the styli proximally broader than in N. nigrispina . In females, the ovipositor is longer (18.8 vs. 15 mm) ( Figs. 14, 24 ), the pronotum larger (10.5 vs., 10.0 mm in N. nigrispina ), more coarsely granulated, and the posterior margin not conspicuously truncate ( Figs. 14, 17-18 ); tegmina broadly ovate, in dorsal view, the distal apex does not overlap ( Figs. 14, 20 ). These set of characters are not so in N. nigrispina (see Cigliano et al., 2020; http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org/ Common/ basic/ Show AllImages. aspx).

Male description alive ( Figs. 1-13 ). General body color dark brown ( Figs. 1 , 13 ), head pronotum and tegmina almost black. Fastigium of vertex triangular, broadly pointed, deep and broadly sulcate along midline, scarcely surpassing the antennal scrobes; fastigium frontalis broad sub-triangular, apex broadly rounded ( Figs. 2a, 2b ). Pronotum ( Figs. 1, 3, 4 , 13a) three sulcate, coarsely granulated, declivent from anterior towards mid-portion, with large black marks typical of the genus, anterior margin rounded strongly emarginated bearing a medium size tubercle on mid portion, posterior margin emarginated and slightly truncate about mid length. Lateral lobes of pronotum ( Figs. 1, 4 ) wider than deep, lower margin emarginated and truncate about mid-length, anterior angle sub-rectangular, posterior angle obtuse angulate. Pro, meso, and metasternum ( Fig. 5 ) as described for the genus. Legs short, brown-pinkish with dark brown-black ornamentation. Femora spines: anterior inner face lower margin five spines (four large: one small, the small spine proximal to the body); middle external lower margin with three spines (small, medium, and large size, respectively, from proximal to distal portion); posterior external face lower margin six spines (one small, two medium, and three large, from proximal to distal portion). Tibiae spines: anterior external face lower margin seven small reddish-brown spines with dark tip, inner face seven spines on lower margin, size medium to small from proximal to distal portion; middle external and internal face each with seven small spines on lower margin; posterior external face three crème color spines with dark tip on upper margin, and 10 smaller reddish-brown spines on lower margin, inner face nine small spines on upper margin and seven smaller on lower margin. Tegmina ( Figs. 1 , 7, 13a) abbreviated not surpassing the posterior margin of the second abdominal segment, mostly dark brown-blackish, broadly ovate, densely reticulated, crème veinlets; stridulatory apparatus ( Fig. 6-7 , 13a) dark brown in alive specimens-yellowish in dead collection specimens; stridulatory file ( Fig. 8 ) length 3.2 mm, average 145 teeth. Cerci as shown in Figs. 9-11 . Subgenital plate ( Fig. 11 ) proximal half broad, then tapering towards the bidentate apex, each teeth bearing a robust style. Internal genitalia as shown in Fig. 12 .

Female description alive ( Figs. 14-25 ). In general appearance similar to the male but larger size ( Fig. 14 ). Head dark brown-black color, fastigium of vertex triangular, distally produced weakly V-shape emarginated, surpassing slightly the antennal scrobes ( Fig. 15), fastigium frontalis ( Fig. 16 ) sub-triangular, apex broadly rounded. Pronotum ( Figs. 14, 17-18 , 25) similar to the male, less densely granulated, anterior margin rounded emarginated and slightly produced, posterior margin emarginated not conspicuously truncate; lateral lobes ( Figs. 14, 18 ) wider than deep, pro, meso, and metasternum as shown in Fig. 19 . Supraanal plate and cerci as shown in Figs. 21-22 . Subgenital plate ( Figs. 22-23 ) sub-triangular, proximally broad, then tapering gradually towards the shallow V-shape emarginated apex forming two broad lobes. Ovipositor as in Figs. 24 .

Measurements (mm). Male. Body length, from vertex anterior margin mid-portion to end of abdomen, 37.0 (35.0-39.0). Pronotum length along midline, 10.0 (9.0-11.0), and maximum width, 7.7 (7.0-8.0). Femora length, anterior and posterior, respectively: 10.0 (9.0-11.0), 14.0 (11.5-15.5). Tegmina length 8.3 (8.0-9.0), and maximum with 6.2 (6.0-6.5). Female. Body length, from vertex anterior margin mid-portion to end of abdomen, 45.0 (44.0- 46.0). Pronotum length along midline, 10.5 (10.0-11.0), and maximum width, 9.7 (9.0-10.0). Femora length, anterior and posterior, respectively: 12.2 (11.5-13.0), 19.0 (18.0-20.0). Tegmina length 8.8 (8.4-9.0), and maximum with 6.0 (6.0-6.0). Length of ovipositor, 18.8 (18.0-20.5).

Distribution ( Fig. 26 ). This species is known only from its type Locality, Huichihuayán, municipality of Huehuetlán, at the Huasteca Region, State of San Luis Potosi, Mexico.

Habitat ( Fig. 27 ). N. huichihuayan n. sp. inhabits the Biogeographical Province of the Eastern Sierra Madre (ESM) at the Huasteca Region, State of San Luis Potosí, Mexico. The ecosystem this species lives is tropical evergreen forest. The insects live on herbaceous or shrubby vegetation in humid and shady areas, late instar nymphs and adults have been collected at night on plants of the genus Sansevieria (Asparagaceae) ; first instar nymphs collected by sweep net on herbaceous vegetation. During the day, nymphs and adults remain quiet and hiding, resting along the leaves of herbaceous plants, being active at night. Climate in Huichihuayán, Huehuetlán is warm-humid with rains all year, average annual temperature is 25.2 °C and annual precipitation 1,922 mm.

Etymology. Specific epithet refers to the type Locality “Huichihuayán”, a small and picturesque town located southeast of the state of San Luis Potosí.

Acoustic Signal ( Figs. 28-33 ). Males of N. huichihuayan n. sp., sing day and night. They produce a low frequency audible song made up of two syllables mostly ( Figs. 28 , 31 ). For this species we recorded two rhythms of acoustic signals: a) a very fast signal ( Fig. 28-29 ) emitted at a rate of up to 390 echemes/min (n = 9 min analysis), this high echeme repetition rate per minute may be achieved because there is no minor interval (MiI) between syllables 1 (S1) and 2 (S2) or major interval (MaI) between echemes. Duration of two-syllable echemes is 160.0 ± SD 11.0 ms (148.0-188.0; n = 32), duration of S1 and S2, respectively, is: 38.0 ± SD 2.2 ms (32.0-41.0; n =25), 124.0 ± 12.0 (107.0-145.0; n =25); b) a low rate song ( Figs. 31-32 ) without minor interval (MiI) emitted at a rate of 128.0 echemes per min (n =5 min), duration of two-syllable echemes is 277.0 ± 11.2 ms (259-310; n =25), duration of S1 82.4 ± 6.0 ms (73.0-104.0; n =25), and S2 195.2 ± 10.0 ms (175-214; n =25); major interval (MaI) duration 249.0 ± 37.2 ms (204.0-363.0; n =25). In both rhythms of signals the peak fi is 14-26 kHz ( Figs. 29-30 , 32-33 ).

Figures

FIG. 1. Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., male habitus. FIG. 2a. Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., male fastigium of vertex, dorsal view. FIG. 2b. Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., male fastigium frontalis. FIG. 3. Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., male pronotum, dorsal view. FIG. 4. Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., male pronotum, lateral view. FIG. 5. Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., male’s thorax, ventral view FIG. 9a. Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., male’s terminalia: cerci, supraanal plate, and subgenital plate, dorsal view. FIG. 9b. Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., male’s terminalia, frontal view: supraanal plate, cerci, and styli. FIG. 10. Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., male’s terminalia, lateral view. FIG. 11. Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., male’s subgenital plate and cerci, ventral view.

FIG. 6. Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., male stridulatory area, dorsal view. FIG. 7. Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., male tegmina FIG. 8a. Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., male’s stridulatory file on underside of left tegmen. FIG. 8b. Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., male stridulatory file close-up (128X) FIG. 12a. Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., male’s internal genitalia, dorsal view. FIG. 12b. Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., male’s internal genitalia, ventral view.

FIG. 13a. Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., male alive, natural conditions.

FIG. 14. Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., female habitus. FIG. 15. Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., female fastigium of vertex, dorsal view. FIG. 16a. Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., female fastigium frontalis. FIG. 16b. Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., female fastigium frontalis, close up. FIG. 17. Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., female pronotum, dorsal view. FIG. 18. Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., female pronotum, lateral view. FIG. 19. Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., female’s thorax, ventral view FIG. 20. Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., female tegmina, dorsal view. FIG. 21. Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., female’s terminalia, dorsal view. FIG. 22. Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., female’s terminalia: cerci and subgenital plate, lateral view. FIG. 23. Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., female’s subgenital plate, ventral view. FIG. 24. Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., female ovipositor, lateral view.

FIG. 15. Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., female fastigium of vertex, dorsal view. FIG. 16a. Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., female fastigium frontalis. FIG. 16b. Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., female fastigium frontalis, close up. FIG. 17. Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., female pronotum, dorsal view. FIG. 18. Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., female pronotum, lateral view. FIG. 19. Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., female’s thorax, ventral view FIG. 20. Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., female tegmina, dorsal view. FIG. 21. Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., female’s terminalia, dorsal view. FIG. 22. Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., female’s terminalia: cerci and subgenital plate, lateral view. FIG. 23. Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., female’s subgenital plate, ventral view. FIG. 24. Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., female ovipositor, lateral view.

FIG. 25. Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., female nymph in natural habitat.

FIG. 26. Distribution map of Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., Nesoecia potoniya n. sp., Nesoecia insolita n. sp., and Nesoecia constricta n. sp., in northern Mexico, State of San Luis Potosí, Huasteca Region.

FIG. 27. Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., habitat.

FIG. 28. Oscillogram of Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., fast rhythm acoustic signal, recorded at 27 ± 2°C.

FIG. 29. Spectrogram of Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., fast rhythm acoustic signal.

FIG. 30. Frequency analysis of Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., fast rhythm acoustic signal.

FIG. 31. Oscillogram of Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., slow rhythm acoustic signal, recorded at 27 ± 2°C.

FIG. 32. Spectrogram of Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., slow rhythm acoustic signal.

FIG. 33. Frequency analysis of Nesoecia huichihuayan n. sp., slow rhythm acoustic signal.