Carapoia fowleri, HUBER, 2000

HUBER, BERNHARD A., 2000, New World Pholcid Spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae): A Revision At Generic Level, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2000 (254), pp. 1-348 : 243-246

Carapoia fowleri , new species Figures 18 , 962–972

TYPES: Male holotype, 1♀ paratype from Cabo Frio Reserve , ~ 80 km N Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil ; 1989–1992 (H. G. Fowl- er), in MCZ.

ETYMOLOGY: Named for the collector of the type material.

DIAGNOSIS: Distinguished from congeners by the small number of modified hairs on the male chelicerae (only ~ 5–10 on each side, figs. 967–969), and their shape (cone-shaped rather than globular: fig. 18).

MALE (holotype): Total length 4.0, carapace width 1.7; leg 1: 50.8 (11.9+0.6 +12.0+23.9+2.4), tibia 2: 7.1, tibia 3: 5.1, tibia 4: 6.3; tibia 1 l/d: 97. Habitus as in fig. 962; carapace orange-brown, slightly darker behind ocular area, black line in thoracic groove; ocular area moderately elevated, ochre-brown, darker on sides (prosoma shape in general very similar to Coryssocnemis simla , cf. figs. 982–983); distance PME-ALE about 80% of PME diameter. Sternum rather orange; chelicerae with some modified (cone-shaped: fig. 18) hairs, five in one row on each side, and small distal apophysis (figs. 967–968). Palps as in figs. 963–964, procursus simple (figs. 965–966), bulb with very conspicuous whitish globular area dorsally on embolar division (fig. 970). Tarsal organ exposed. Legs brown, tibiae with light tips, darker rings hardly discernible; without spines and vertical hairs, with curved hairs on tibiae 4 only; retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 3%; tarsus 1 with ~ 30 pseudosegments. Opisthosoma pale greenishgray, with darker spots laterally (fig. 962), genital plate oval, orange, lung plates brown; large brown area in front of spinnerets, black line between this area and genital plate; gonopore without epiandrous spigots; ALS with only one piriform gland spigot each.

VARIATION (Manaus Reserves): Tibia 1 in 41 males: 10.3–13.3 (x¯ = 11.7). Most males had curved hairs on tibiae 4; some slight variation in number and position of modified hairs on male chelicerae.

FEMALE (Manaus Reserves): Total length (N = 15) 2.9–4.4 (x¯ = 3.3); tibia 1 (N = 19) 6.5–8.3 (x¯ = 7.3). In general very similar to male; opisthosoma often also with dorsal spots; dark rings on legs often quite distinct: femora (subdistally, followed by light tips) and tibiae (proximally and subdistally, latter followed by light tips); clypeus usually with horseshoe-shaped brown mark. Epigynum flat brown plate, with characteristic pair of sclerites diverging behind epigynum (fig. 971); internally with pair of large roundish pore plates (fig. 972). Several females had a plug in their genitalia; plug always clearly divided into two distinct halves (right and left).

DISTRIBUTION: Known from the Manaus area (Amazonas, Brazil) and maybe from Pará ( Brazil) and Guyana (see Notes below) (map 7).

MATERIAL EXAMINED: BRAZIL: Amazon- as: Cabo Frio Reserve : types above ; and 193 3♀ from same locality, 1989–1992 (H. G. Fowler, E. N. Vincticinque, C. Vieira), in MCZ ; Colosso Reserve , Dimona Reserve, ‘‘km 41’’: 633 23♀ same dates and collectors, in MCZ ; Reserva Ducke , Feb. 20, 1992 (A. A. Lise), 43 in MCP (1683 part). Pará : Caxiunã , Melgaço, Aug. 11, 1996 (A. A. Lise ‘‘et al.’’), 83 14♀ in MCP (9424, 9427, 9429, 9430), tentatively assigned (see Notes below). The following four vials contain specimens collected by F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, deposited in the BMNH, which are technically paratypes of Blechroscelis cambridgei Mello-Leitão : Santarém Forest: 33 2♀ ; Breves : 43 2♀ ; ‘‘ Santarém Forest , Low- er Amazonas ’’: 23 ; ‘‘ Pará , Lower Amazonas ’’: 13 ; all assigned tentatively (see Notes below). GUYANA: Isherton (‘‘ Ishestun ’’), 10 mi E Rupununi River, Nov. 1937 (W. G. Hassler), 1♀ in MZF, tentatively assigned (see Notes below) .

NOTES: The specimens from Pará are assigned tentatively because the pattern of modified hairs on the male chelicerae differs: those from Caxiunã have hairs only in one distal patch (fig. 969), those collected by F. O. Pickard-Cambridge have more hairs proximally (~ 5). Also, some male specimens have curved hairs both on male tibiae 1 and 4, and on femora, and in some females the carapace has a distinct brown margin and brown bands medially and around the ocular area. Palps and epigyna are apparently indistinguishable from the type material. Tibia 1 in 4 males (Caxiunã): 10.3–10.7 ; in 12 females: 6.8–8.0 (x¯ = 7.5).

The single female specimen from Guyana is assigned tentatively, as females in this genus are not easily distinguished.

Carapoia genitalis (Moenkhaus, 1898) , new combination Figures 973–979

Litoporus genitalis Moenkhaus, 1898: 107–110 , figs. 5, 5a–d. – Mello-Leitão, 1918: 96–97 (copy of Moenkhaus’s original description).

TYPES: Male lectotype (designated herein, in E2842e3031), 23 2♀ paralectotypes, all in poor condition, from Poço Grande , São Paulo, Brazil ; Feb. 1898 (W. J. Moenkhaus?), in MZSP ( E2841 e3022; E2852e3035; E2842e3031), examined .

DIAGNOSIS: Easily distinguished from congeners by the procursus, which is provided with a large, semitransparent dorsal projection (figs. 975–976).

MALE (lectotype): Total length ~ 2.5 (in bad shape; Moenkhaus’s measurement was 3.5), carapace width ~ 1.0; leg 1: (8.3+0.5+8.1; metatarsus and tarsus missing), tibia 2: 4.9, tibia 3: 3.2, tibia 4: 4.3; tibia 1 l/d: 76 (tibia 1 in one paralectotype: 8.3; Moenkhaus’s measured male had 8.75). Habitus and prosoma apparently very similar to C. fowleri (cf. fig. 962); prosoma and legs completely bleached (yellowish). Chelicerae with ~ 25 modified hairs on each side, and single modified hair more distally (figs. 973– 974). Palps in general as in C. fowleri (cf. figs. 963–964), but femur even more widened distally, procursus ending in sclerotized tip with subterminal small apophysis, provid- ed dorsally with large projection that is brown and narrow at basis, semitransparent and wide distally (figs. 975–976); bulb with curved apophysis (fig. 977). Femora 3 significantly thicker than others; almost all hairs on legs missing. Opisthosoma apparently more pointed posteriorly than in C. fowleri , dark ochre-gray, with blackish spots in lateral and dorsal lines.

FEMALE (paralectotypes): Very similar to male; tibia 1 in 2 females: 5.2, 5.5. Epigynum flat, ventral view as in fig. 978, light brown with large orange area in front; dorsal view as in fig. 979.

DISTRIBUTION: Known only from type locality (map 7).

MATERIAL EXAMINED: BRAZIL: São Paulo: Poço Grande: types above.

Figures

Figs. 18–23. Sexual modifications on male chelicerae: modified hairs. 18. Carapoia fowleri, n. sp. 19 20. Carapoia ocaina, n. sp. 21. Modisimus dominical Huber. 22 23. Modisimus guatuso Huber. Scale lines: 6 µm (18, 20, 22–23), 40 µm (19), 3 µm (21).

Figs. 962–966. Carapoia fowleri, n. sp., male. 962. Habitus, lateral view. 963. Left palp, prolateral view. 964. Left palp, retrolateral view. 965. Left procursus, ~ prolateral view. 966. Left procursus, retrolateral (slightly dorsal) view. Scale lines: 1.0 mm (962), 0.3 mm (963–966).

Figs. 967–972. Carapoia fowleri, n. sp. 967. Chelicerae of male from Cabo Frio Reserve (Amazonas, Brazil), frontal view. 968. Modified hairs on male chelicerae (see also fig. 18). 969. Chelicerae of male from Caxiunã, (Pará, Brazil), frontal view. 970. Embolar division of left bulb, prolateral view. 971. Epigynum, ventral view. 972. Epigynum, dorsal view. Scale lines: 0.3 mm (967, 969, 971–972), 0.1 mm (968, 970).

Figs. 973–979. Carapoia genitalis (Moenkhaus). 973. Male chelicerae, frontal view. 974. Modified hairs on male chelicerae. 975. Right procursus, prolateral view. 976. Right procursus, retrolateral view. 977. Embolar division of right bulb, ~ prolateral view. 978. Epigynum, ventral view. 979. Epigynum, dorsal view. Scale lines: 0.2 mm (973, 975–979), 0.05 mm (974).