Callospiriferina Rousselle, 1977

Macfarlan, Donald Alexander Bankier, 2023, Latest Triassic and Early Jurassic Spiriferinida (Brachiopoda) of Zealandia (New Zealand and New Caledonia), Zootaxa 5277 (1), pp. 1-58 : 18-19

Callospiriferina Rousselle, 1977

1977 Callospiriferina Rousselle , p. 157.

2006 Callospiriferina Rousselle, 1977 ; Carter, p. 1924.

2013 Callospiriferina Rousselle, 1977 ; Alméras & Cougnon, p. 21.

Type Species: Spirifer tumidus von Buch, 1837 ( OD) .

The genus Callospiriferina was proposed by Rousselle (1977) to include spiriferinides with rounded costae of moderate strength, and with dental plates enveloped in callus.

The three previously described Zealandian species all have costae of variable strength, from barely perceptible to low and bluntly rounded, and which are much weaker or absent on the flanks. Callus is developed to some extent on C. kawhiana ( Trechmann, 1918) , but not on the other two species, which in general have more delicate internal plates on the ventral valve.

Callospiriferina is known from Spain ( Alméras & Fauré 2000), France ( Alméras & Fauré 2000, Alméras and Cougnon 2013), Portugal ( Alméras et al. 1996), Italy (Taddei Ruggiero & V̂r̂s 1987), Austria ( Boehm et al. 1999, Siblík 1999), Hungary ( Dulai 1992, 2003), the Balkans ( Radulovic 1995), Britain ( Hollingworth et al. 1990), Morocco ( Rousselle 1977), Algeria ( Alméras et al. 2007), Alaska ( Sandy & Blodgett 2000) and Argentina ( Manceñido 1981, Damborenea & Manceñido 1992). The genus is reviewed, mainly from a western European perspective by Alméras & Cougnon (2013). It has not previously been recorded from the Late Triassic.

Spiriferina krumbecki Wanner & Knipscheer from the Early Jurassic of Seram (Wanner & Knipscheer 1951) has weakly developed costae and is of comparable size and shape to C. ongleyi and may belong to Callospiriferina . World distribution of Callospiriferina is shown in Fig. 6 .

Wright & Campbell (1990) recognised that Mentzelia kawhiana and Spiriferina ongleyi were congeneric. Wright (1990) showed sections of internal moulds of “ M.” kawhiana and “M.” ongleyi , made with sections parallel to the anterior commissure. No section intervals are stated. The spiralia are shown clearly, but the sections are difficult to interpret.

Grant-Mackie et al. (2000) and MacFarlan et al. (2009) also included Spiriferina radiata ( Hector, 1886) in Mentzelia , indicating that the three commonest latest Triassic–Early Jurassic spiriferinides in Zealandia are congeneric.

Figures

FIGURE 6. World distribution of spiriferinide genera. Data from Fossilworks (downloaded 2 April 2020) and relevant literature. Base maps from Alroy (2013). Online paleogeographic map generator. http://paleodb.org/?a=mapForm Maps drawn on equirectangular projection for 185 ma, focal co-ordinates -80°, 180°. New Zealand and New Caledonia in the Jurassic were a series of terranes on the subducted margin of Gondwana, and the positions shown on this map are approximate.