Anacroneuria minuta Klapálek, 1922

Ribeiro, José Moacir Ferreira & Rafael, José Albertino, 2009, Redescription of the species of Anacroneuria Klapálek known from the Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, Amazonas, Brazil with a neotype designation, and a key to adults males, Amazonas, Brazil. (Plecoptera, Perlidae), Zootaxa 2004, pp. 1-15 : 2-5

Anacroneuria minuta Klapálek, 1922

( Figures 1–5 , 16–25 )

Anacroneuria minuta Klapálek, 1922: 89 ; Kimmins, 1970: 345; Ribeiro– Ferreira & Froehlich, 2001: 188, Figs.1–4 (redescription); Froehlich, 2002: 82, Figs. 18–21 (recharacterization).

Diagnosis. Pronotum with lateral stripes faintly darker than the integument. The aedeagus has a distinct keel and two membranous vesicles situated distal to keel. The female eighth sternum is composed of four subequal lobes.

Redescription of male ( Fig. 1 ). The lectotype is in poor condition and inappropriate for use. Redescription is based on fresh material from RFAD. Body light yellow in life (whitish when preserved in alcohol). Body length 5.0– 7.6 mm, excluding antennae and cerci. Head ( Fig. 3 ) light yellow, length 0.7–0.9 mm long, width 1.3–1.4 mm. Frons ( Fig. 3 ) with inconspicuous ‘M’–shaped spot of similar color, just behind the base of the antennae. Ocelli brown to black surrounded by brown to black, medially separated by a distance 1X their width. Antennal scape and pedicel light yellow, flagellum dark yellow with brown bristles. Maxillary palpi brownish on the apex; labial palpi light yellow. Pronotum ( Fig. 3 ) with lateral stripe faintly darker than integument. Meso– and metanotum with marginal protruberances outlined in black. Legs light yellow, with coxae and trochanter outlined in black; apex of femur ringed with black dorsally; tibiae with small black spot distally. Fore and hindwings as in Figs. 4 & 5 . Abdomen light yellow, distally brown. Cerci light yellow with brown bristles. Sternum nine ( Fig. 16 ) slightly wider than long with longer lateral bristles and posterior margin produced into a slightly rounded hammer ( Figs. 17, 18 ) that is subcylindrical, approximately 0.1 mm long, usually with sclerotized apex. Paraproct ( Fig. 19 ) widest at base, with small apical bristles and short subapical denticle. Aedeagus with median keel and two membranous vesicles situated distally to the keel. Penial armature ( Figs. 20–22 ) with hooks directed inward.

Female. Body coloration similar to male ( Fig. 2 ), differs from male in the following: body length 8.8–12.2 mm, forewing length 10.5–12.5 mm, hindwing length 8.6–11.6 mm. Antennal flagellum brown. Sternum eight ( Fig. 23 ) wider than long with long lateral bristles and four subequal lobes. Sternum nine ( Fig. 24 ) with longer, denser submedian bristles; distal margin slightly sinuous. Sternum ten produced distally. Vaginal sclerite membranous ( Fig. 25 ).

Nymphs. Unknown.

Eggs. Unknown.

Variation. Males with antennae and tarsomeres light yellow to light brown. Female antennae with scape and pedicel light yellow to brown, flagellum dark yellow to brown, maxillary palpi light to dark yellow; pronotum with sublateral longitudinal stripe sometimes straighter; sternum eight with median notch and apex of cerci segments light to dark brown.

Remarks. Ribeiro-Ferreira & Froehlich (2001) redescribed A. minuta from 2 males and 1 female reared in the laboratory on 30 September 1987. They were preserved in a teneral state. Additional material allows the authors to provide a discussion of color patterns that may be useful for separating the four species of Anacroneuria found in Reserva Floresta Adolpho Ducke. Mature A. minuta are light yellow in life ( Fig. 1–3 ) and similar to A. amazonica . This separates them from A. manauensis which is dark brown ( Fig. 6–8 ) and from A. marlieri ( Fig. 11–13 ) which has a deeper yellow color. The head, antennae and mouth parts in A. minuta are also light yellow and similar in color to both A. marlieri and A. amazonica . Conversely, these areas in A. manauensis are of a deeper shade of yellow. The pronotum of A. minuta has a lateral stripe ( Fig. 3 ) that is only faintly darker than the background, while in A. manauensis there is a light yellow, V-shaped, median stripe outlined in dark brown laterally ( Fig. 8 ). In A. marlieri there is a light yellow median stripe outlined by a narrow brown stripe laterally ( Fig. 14 ). Anacroneuria amazonica lacks bands on the pronotum and the entire disk is light yellow.

The relative separation of the ocelli is also useful. The interocellar space of A. minuta , A. marlieri , and A. amazonica generally equals the width of one ocellus, while in A. manauens it is the width of two ocelli ( Fig. 8 ).

The hammer of A. minuta is subcylindrical ( Fig. 16–18 ), while in A. manauensis it is rounded ( Fig. 26–28 ) and in A. marlieri it is rounded or conical ( Fig. 36-38 ). Penial armature is also useful in distinguishing species. In A. minuta the vesicle is conical and mostly membranous, having a small dorsal keel at its base. In the other species the vesicle is well sclerotized and lacks the dorsal keel.

The subgenital plate of the female of this species differs from other regional species in that the paramedial and lateral lobes are subequal in height and the notches between them being of the same depth. In A. manauensis the paramedial lobes are longer than the laterals and the median notch is deeper than the sublateral notches. In A. malieri the lateral lobes are slighly longer and larger than the paramedials, which are fused, forming a truncate tab ( Fig. 43 ). The subgenital plate of A. amazonica is distinctive, with the paramedials being much larger than the lateral lobes ( Froehlich 2003, Ribeiro-Ferreira & Froehlich 2003, as A. marlieri , Fig. 16 ). Sternum nine of A. minuta has two diffuse patches of bristles, with few hairs distributed between them ( Fig. 24 ). This area in A. manauensis and A. marlieri is clothed with a T-shaped band of spinules ( Fig. 34 , 44 ), or in the case of and A. amazonica is comprised of a wide, medial band of spinules, separated from more diffuse patches laterally ( Froehlich 2003, Ribeiro-Ferreira & Froehlich 2003, as A. marlieri , Fig. 16 ).

Distribution. Brazil (Pará, Amazonas)

Type material examined. Lectotype male ( MNH) designated by C. G. Froehlich in Kimmins (1970). BRASIL, [Pará], Santarém.

Other material examined: BRASIL, Amazonas, Manaus, Reserva Ducke, Ig[arapé]. Bons Amigos, criação, 10.vi.1987, A.C.Ferreira, Anacroneuria minuta Klapálek , det. J.M.F.Ribeiro, 2003 (1 female INPA); same location, Ig. Anta, 11–30.ix.1987, (2 female INPA); same location, 03–08.vi.1988 (4 female INPA); same location, Ig. Barro Branco, 01.vii.1988 (1 female INPA); same location, arm[adilha] Malaise, 06–17.viii.1992, João Vidal, D.Menezes & Jailson Vidal (3 female INPA); same location, Ig. Acará, arm. Malaise, 05.viii.1993, João Vidal (4 female INPA); same location, Ig. Anta, criação, 11.viii.1994, A.C.Ferreira, (1 female INPA); same location, Ig. Bons Amigos, 24.viii.1994 (1 male, 3 female, INPA); same location, arm. Malaise, 22.vii.1995 (1 male, 1 female INPA); same location, arm. suspensa baixa, 12–16.v.1997, João Vidal (1 female INPA); same location, arm. Suspensa na lâmina d’água, 07–10.iv.1997, João Vidal (1 female INPA); same location, Ig. Acará, criação, 10–16.vii.1997, A.C.Ferreira (1 female INPA); same location, Ig. Barro Branco, arm. Malaise, 21–31.vii.1997, R.L.M.Ferreira, A.L.Henriques & João Vidal (2 female MZSP); same location, Ig. Anta, criação, 12–25.ii.1998, A.C.Ferreira, (1 female INPA); same location, Ig. Barro Branco, 14–16.i.2002, João Vidal (2 female MPEG); same location, Ig. Ipiranga, 14–16.ix.2002, J.M.F.Ribeiro & João Vidal (2 female MZSP); same location, Ig. Acará, emergência no igarapé, 24.vii.2002, J.M.F.Ribeiro & João Vidal, (1 female INPA); same location, Ig. Barro Branco, arm. luminosa, 29.vii.2002, João Vidal, (2 female MPEG); same location, Ig. Acará, criação, 02.viii.2002, J.M.F.Ribeiro & João Vidal, (1 female INPA); same location, arm. luminosa, 29.viii.2002, João Vidal & J.M.F.Ribeiro (1 female INPA); same location, Ig. Ipiranga, arm. Malaise, 13–14.ix.2002, João Vidal & J. M. F. Ribeiro (2 female MPEG); same location, Ig. Tinga, 08–11.xi.2002 (4 female INPA); same location, Ig. Uberê, 05.xii.2002, J.M.F. Ribeiro (2 female MZSP); same location, Ig. Uberê, 17–27.xii.2002, J.M.F.Ribeiro & João Vidal (1 male, 1 female MPEG); same location, Ig. Ipiranga, 13.i.2003, J.M.F.Ribeiro (2 female MZSP); same location, 20.i.2003 (4 female INPA); same location, 27.i.2003, J.M.F.Ribeiro & Jailson Vidal (4 female INPA); same location, Ig. Bolívia, 18–24.ii.2003, J.M.F.Ribeiro (2 female INPA); same location, Ig. Tinga, 10–17.iii.2003 (1 female MZSP); same location, Ig. Ipiranga, 01–06.iii.2003, João Vidal & Jailson Vidal (1 female INPA); same location, Ig. Ipiranga, criação, 19.iv.2003 (2 female INPA); same location, 01–07.iv.2003, J.M.F.Ribeiro (f2 MPEG); same location, arm. Malaise, 28.iv.2003 (1 female INPA); 13–20.v.2003 (f2 MPEG); same location, 19–26.v.2003 (f1 MZSP); same location, 26.v.02 –vi.2003 (f2 MZSP); same location, 30.vi.2003, J.M.F.Ribeiro (f1 INPA); same location, criação (f1 INPA); same location, Ig. Acará, arm. Malaise, 04–11.viii.2003, J.M.F.Ribeiro & A.S.Filho (1 female INPA); Amazonas, Manaus, Ig. Puraquequara, 10.xi.1998, João Vidal (4 female INPA); same location, 14–16.i.2002 (f1 INPA).

Condition of Lectotype Pinned and in poor condition. Antennae missing; left wing mounted between two plastics slides, joined by micro–pins; terminalia in microvial in glycerin; plastic slide and microvial to the specimen pin.

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 5. Anacroneuria minuta. 1. male habitus (in life); 2. female habitus (in alcohol); 3. head and pronotum; 4. forewing; 5. hindwing.

FIGURES 16 – 25. Anacroneuria minuta; 16. Male, sterna 8 – 10, ventral; 17. Male, hammer, ventral; 18. Male, hammer, latera; 19. Male, paraproct lateral; 20. Male, aedeagus, dorsal; 21. Male, aedeagus, ventral; 22. Male, aedeagus, lateral; 23. Female, sterna 7 – 8; 24. sterna 9 – 10; 25. vaginal sclerite. Abbreviations: H, hammer; HOK, hooks; K, keel; LL, lateral lobe; MN, medium notch; PML, paramedian lobe; SD, sub – apical denticle; SLN, sublateral notch; ST, sternite; VES, vesicle. Figures 20 – 22 same scales; Figures 23 – 24 same scales.

FIGURES 6 – 10 Anacroneuria manauensis. 6. male habitus (in life); 7. female habitus (in alcohol); 8. head and pronotum; 9. forewing; 10. hindwing.

FIGURES 11 – 15. Anacroneuria marlieri. 11. male habitus (in life); 12. female habitus (in alcohol); 13. head and pronotum; 14. forewing; 15. hindwing.

FIGURES 26 – 35. Anacroneuria manauensis; 26. Male, Sterna 7 – 10, ventral; 27. Male, hammer, ventral; 28. Male, hammer, lateral; 29. Male, paraproct lateral; 30. Male, aedeagus, dorsal; 31. Male, aedeagus, ventral; 32. Male, aedeagus, lateral; 33. Female, sterna 6 – 8; 34. Female sterna 9 – 10; 35. vaginal sclerite. Abbreviations: H, hammer; HOK, hooks; LL, lateral lobe; MN, medium notch; PML, paramedian lobe; SD, sub – apical denticle; SLN, sublateral notch; ST, sternite. Figures 30 – 32 same scales; Figures 33 – 34 same scales.

FIGURES 36 – 45. Anacroneuria marlieri; 36. Male, Sterna 7 – 10, ventral; 37 – 38. Male, hammer, ventral and lateral; 39. Male, paraproct lateral; 40. Male, aedeagus, dorsal; 41. Male, aedeagus, ventral; 42. Male, aedeagus, lateral; 43. Female, sterna 7 – 8; 44. Female sterna 9 – 10; 45. vaginal sclerite. Abbreviations: H, hammer; HOK, hooks; LL, lateral lobe; MN, medium notch; PML, paramedian lobe; SD, sub – apical denticle; SLN, sublateral notch; ST, sternite. Figures 40 – 42 same scales; Figures 43 and 44 same scales.