Cynopterus nusatenggara, Kitchener & Maharadatunkamsi, 1991

Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier, 2019, Pteropodidae, Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, pp. 16-162 : 67-68

10.

Nusatenggara Short-nosed Fruit Bat

Cynopterus nusatenggara

French: Cynoptere de Nusa Tenggara / German: Nusa-Tenggara-Kurznasenflughund / Spanish: Cynéptero de Nusa Tenggara

Taxonomy. Cynopterus nusatenggara Kitchener & Maharadatunkamsi, 1991 ,

“Desa Belo, Jerewah, West Sumbawa Island, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia (8°52’S, 116°50'E) ... from the boundary between dense, tall, mixed evergreen lowland rainforest and ricefields at an altitude of + 40m.”

Three subspecies are recognized.

Subspecies and Distribution.

C.n.nusatenggaraKitchener&Maharadatunkamsi,1991—LesserSundaIs(Bali,Lombok,Sumbawa,Sumba,Komodo,Rinca,Flores,Adonara,[Lembata,andTimor).

C.n.sinagaiKitchener,1996—ELesserSundaIs(Pantar,Alor,Moyo,andSangeangIs).

C. n. wetarensis Kitchener, 1996 — E Lesser Sunda Is (Wetar) and BabarIs.

Descriptive notes. Head—body 88 mm, tail 5 mm, ear 18 mm, hindfoot 13 mm, forearm 55-1-64-8 mm; weight 24-5-37-5 g (mean in males 27-9 g, mean in females 29-9 g). The Nusatenggara Short-nosed Fruit Bat is medium-sized and brown, without white ear rims or wing digits. Muzzle is short, skin is brown, and nostrils are shortly tubular and diverging. Eyes are moderately large; iris is chestnut-brown to olive-brown. Ears are moderately short; pinnae are light brown, oval, with small round antitragus, slightly attenuated attip, and light brown rims. Head pelage is short and brown; nape and dorsum are lighter brown to olive-brown, with slightly longer hairs. Tibia is lightly haired, uropatagium and tail are well developed, tuft of hair occurs around tail, and calcar is short. Yellowish brown ruff extends to back of adult males and is lighter and less extended on females. Chest and belly are grayer. Wing membranes are warm brown, originate on sides of body and attach to first toe; index claw is present; and dorsal skin of metacarpals and phalanges is light brown, not contrasting with patagial, which is lightly furred with ocherous buff near body. Skull lacks basicranial deflection, laterally, rostrum is very short and moderately deep and slopes gently to forehead, orbits are large, braincase is rounded, zygomatic rootis slightly above alveolar line, and zygoma is moderately thin and gently arched posteriorly. Dorsally, rostrum is moderately wide; paranasal recesses are inflated and reach postorbital foramina; postorbital processes are short and projectlaterally; and braincase is oval, with thin parallel temporal lines and inconspicuous nuchalcrest. Ventrally, palate is flat; post-dental is long and converges posteriorly; palatine spine is inconspicuous and joined to sphenoidal crest; and ectotympanic is wide anteriorly, with entotympanic alongside its inner margin. Mandible is moderatelythin; coronoid is long and steep, with narrow tip; condyle is slightly above lower alveolar line; and angle is round off. Upper incisors are small and rather long; C' is small and decurved; P' is minute; and posterior cheekteeth are small and decrease in size posteriorly. Lower incisors are small; C, is thin and short; P, has triangular crown; posterior cheekteeth are tall and decrease posteriorly, without marked additional surface cusps; and M, is small.

Habitat. [Lowland forests in secondary and disturbed areas up to elevations of ¢. 100 m.

Food and Feeding. The Nusatenggara Short-nosed Fruit Bat is primarily frugivorous.

Breeding. No information.

Activity patterns. No information.

Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information.

Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Population trend of the Nusatenggara Short-nosed Fruit Bat is stable.

Bibliography. Kitchener & Maharadatunkamsi (1991, 1996), Ruedas, Maryanto & Maharadatunkamsi (2008), Simmons (2005).

Figures

1. Temminck’s Tailless Fruit Bat (Megaerops ecaudatus), 2. Javan Tailless Fruit Bat (Megaerops kusnotoi), 3. Ratanaworabhan’s Tailless Fruit Bat (Megaerops niphanae), 4. White-collared Fruit Bat (Megaerops albicollis), 5. Greater Short-nosed Fruit Bat (Cynopterus sphinx), 6. Lesser Short-nosed Fruit Bat (Cynopterus brachyotis), 7. Horsfield’s Short-nosed Fruit Bat (Cynopterus horsfieldui), 8. Peters’s Short-nosed Fruit Bat (Cynoplerus luzoniensis), 9. Minute Short-nosed Fruit Bat (Cynopterus minutus), 10. Nusatenggara Short-nosed Fruit Bat (Cynopterus nusatenggara), 11. Indonesian Short-nosed Fruit Bat (Cynoplerus titthaecheilus), 12. Lesser Musky Fruit Bat (Ptenochirus minor), 13. Greater Musky Fruit Bat (Plenochirus jagorn), 14. Mindanao Fruit Bat (Ptenochirus wetmorei)

Subspecies and Distribution. C.n.nusatenggaraKitchener&Maharadatunkamsi,1991—LesserSundaIs(Bali,Lombok,Sumbawa,Sumba,Komodo,Rinca,Flores,Adonara,[Lembata,andTimor). C.n.sinagaiKitchener,1996—ELesserSundaIs(Pantar,Alor,Moyo,andSangeangIs). C. n. wetarensis Kitchener, 1996 — E Lesser Sunda Is (Wetar) and BabarIs.