Anteropora joannae, new, 2013

Mojica, Kendra R., Jensen, Kirsten & Caira, Janine N., 2013, Revision Of Anteropora (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea) And Descriptions Of Five New Species From Stingrays (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) In Borneo, Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 61 (2), pp. 491-506 : 492-496

Anteropora joannae, new species

( Figs. 1A–C , 2A–E , 8A, C, D )

Type and only known host. — Taeniura lymma 1 (sensu Naylor et al., 2012a) ( Myliobatiformes : Dasyatidae )

Site of infection. — Spiral intestine

Holotype. — MZUM(P) 2013.7(H) ex Taeniura lymma 1 (sensu Naylor et al., 2012a) (host no. BO-127), MALAYSIA: Pulau [=Island] Mabul (04°14'N, 118°38'E), Sabah, Celebes Sea , 5 May 2003, coll. J. N. Caira & K. Jensen.

Paratypes. — Ex Taeniura lymma 1 (sensu Naylor et al., 2012a), MALAYSIA: Semporna (04°28'N, 118°37'E), Sabah, Celebes Sea , 27 Jun.2002 (host no. BO-86) and Pulau [=Island] Mabul (04°14'N, 118°38'E), Sabah , Celebes Sea , 5 May 2003 (host nos. BO-122, BO-125, BO-127, BO-130, BO-131), INDONESIA: Tanjung Batu (02°16'N, 118°06'E), East Kalimantan, Sulawesi Sea , Pulau [=Island] Rabu-Rabu (02°19'N, 118°07'E), East Kalimantan , Celebes Sea , 25 Jul.2008 (host nos. KA-418, KA-419, KA-420), coll. J. N. Caira & K. Jensen. MZUM(P) 2013.8(P)–11(P) (4 whole mounts) (host nos. BO-86, BO-122, BO-127); MZBCa 178, 179 (2 whole mounts) (host no. KA-418) ; ZRC.PAR. 25, 26 (2 whole mounts) (host nos. BO-130, KA-419); USNPC 10625–10630 (6 whole mounts and proglottid cross-section series) (host nos. BO-86, BO-127, BO-131, KA-418, KA-419, KA-420) ; LRP 7974–7981 (5 whole mounts, and proglottid cross-section series and voucher) (host nos. BO-125, BO-127, BO-130). Three whole worms (host nos. BO-125, BO-131) prepared for SEM retained by K. Jensen at the University of Kansas .

Etymology. — This species is named in honor of Joanna Cielocha for her support of the senior author throughout this project.

Description. — Based on 25 specimens: 20 whole mounts of mature worms, two cross-section series of mature proglottids, and three whole worms prepared for SEM.

Worms 986–2,657 (1,541 ± 391; 20) long; maximum width at scolex, mid-strobila, or terminal proglottid, euapolytic; proglottids 10–25 (18 ± 6; 20) in number. Scolex 142–217 (177 ± 23; 20) long by 123–190 (150 ± 20; 15) wide, consisting of four acetabula, apical modification of scolex proper and apical organ; cephalic peduncle absent. Acetabula bothridiate in form, elongate oval in shape, with posterior notch at midline, 105–178 (143 ± 20; 19; 37) long by 57–110 (80 ± 14; 16; 30) wide. Apical modification of scolex proper conspicuously dome-shaped, with aperture at center, housing apical organ. Apical organ ( Fig. 8A ) primarily glandular, weakly muscular, conical in form, 38–58 (49 ± 5; 20) long by 33–63 (47 ± 6; 20) wide, non-protrusible.

Apical modification of scolex proper covered with hastate spinitriches and acicular filitriches ( Fig. 2B ); scolex proper at base of apical modification with acicular filitriches only ( Fig. 2C ). Distal ( Fig. 2D ) and proximal ( Fig. 2E ) bothridial surfaces covered with trullate spinitriches and acicular filitriches. Proglottids covered with capilliform filitriches throughout, also with small hastate spinitriches on anterior margins and with small scolopate spinitriches along posterior proglottid margins ( Fig. 2F ).

Proglottids craspedote, non-laciniate. Immature proglottids 9–23 (16 ± 5; 20) in number, initially wider than long, becoming longer than wide with maturity. Mature proglottids 1–3 in number; subterminal proglottid 162–454 (243 ± 71; 20) long by 60–181 (127 ± 32; 20) wide; terminal proglottid 293–543 (395 ± 69; 20) long by 105–170 (135 ± 21; 20) wide. Testes invariably four in number, arranged in single column, 21–62 (40 ± 9; 20; 60) long by 49–120 (78 ± 18; 20; 60) wide, extending from anterior margin of proglottid to slightly overlap anterior margin of ovary. Vasa efferentia not observed. Vas deferens in fully mature proglottids enlarged to form external seminal vesicle, extending along lateral margin of proglottid from ootype region to anterior margin of cirrus-sac. Internal seminal vesicle not observed. Cirrussac pyriform, positioned between anterior-most two testes, slightly angled anteriorly, 64–117 (93 ± 15; 20) long by 19–40 (29 ± 6; 19) wide, containing coiled cirrus. Cirrus armed with spinitriches. Ovary smooth, H-shaped in frontal view, tetralobed in cross-section ( Fig. 8D ), symmetrical, 68–134 (95 ± 19; 20) long by 57–191 (89 ± 28; 19) wide; ovarian bridge at middle of ovary. Mehlis’ gland posterior to ovarian bridge. Vagina extending along lateral margin of proglottid from ootype region to genital atrium, opening into genital atrium posterior to cirrus-sac. Genital pores lateral, irregularly alternating, 71–81% (77 ± 3; 20) of proglottid length from posterior end. Uterus saccate, extending essentially along midline of proglottid from level of ovarian bridge to posterior margin of anterior-most testis. Vitellarium follicular; vitelline follicles 13–32 (23 ± 5; 19; 57) long by 13–39 (24 ± 7; 19; 57) wide, in two lateral fields; each field consisting of two columns ( Fig. 8C ), extending from posterior margin of anterior-most testis on aporal side and from posterior margin of cirrus-sac on poral side to posterior margin of proglottid, interrupted by ovary. Two pairs of excretory vessels. Eggs not observed.

Remarks. — This species is unlike A. indica , A. japonica , A. klosmamorphis and A. leelongi in that it is euapolytic rather than hyperapolytic. Anteropora joannae, new species, differs further from A. indica in that its ovary is tetralobed in cross-section, rather than consisting of two to three lobes on each side (see Subhapradha, 1955, fig. 5). Whereas the apical organ of the new species is primarily glandular, that of A. japonica is muscular. Furthermore, whereas both, A. japonica and A. leelongi possess six testes and bothridia that are essentially round with intact margins, A. joannae , new species, has four testes and bothridia that are elongate-oval with a posterior notch at the midline. The scolex of A. joannae , new species, is most similar to that of A. klosmamorphis , however the strobila of the new species has many fewer proglottids (10–25 vs 87–274).

This new species appears to be more variable in total length, number of proglottids and width of the subterminal proglottids, than seen in any of its congeners. However, this is considered to represent intraspecific variation at this time.

Figures

Fig. 1. Line drawings of Anteropora species. A–C, A. joannae, new species. A, whole worm, holotype (MZUM[P] 2013.7[H]); B, scolex, paratype (USNPC 106528); C, terminal proglottid, paratype (USNPC 106528). D–F, A. cuba, new species. D, whole worm, holotype (MZUM[P] 2013.1[H]); E, scolex, paratype (USNPC 106521); F, subterminal proglottid, paratype (USNPC 106521).

Fig. 2. Scanning electron micrographs of Anteropora species. A–F, A. joannae, new species. A, scolex (small letters indicate location of details in B–F); B, surface of apical modification of scolex proper; C, surface of scolex proper at base of apical modification; D, distal bothridial surface; E, proximal bothridial surface; F, surface of posterior margin of proglottid. G–K, A. cuba, new species. G, scolex (small letters indicate location of details in H–K); H, surfaces of apical modification of scolex proper; I, distal bothridial surface; J, proximal bothridial surface; K, surface of posterior margin of proglottid.

Fig. 8. Light micrographs of Anteropora species. A, primarily glandular apical organ of A. joannae, new species, holotype (MZUM[P] 2013.7[H]); B, primarily muscular apical organ of A. pumilionis, new species, paratype (USNPC 106535); C, crosssection through proglottid of A. joannae, new species anterior to cirrus-sac, paratype (USNPC 106526); D, cross-section through proglottid of A. joannae, new species at level of ovary, paratype (USNPC 106526). (Abbreviations: ESV, external seminal vesicle; MG, Mehlis’ gland; O, ovary; T, testis; U, uterus; VG, vagina; VT, vitelline follicle.)