Laridae, Rafinesque, 1815

Somenzari, Marina, Amaral, Priscilla Prudente do, Cueto, Víctor R., Guaraldo, André de Camargo, Jahn, Alex E., Lima, Diego Mendes, Lima, Pedro Cerqueira, Lugarini, Camile, Machado, Caio Graco, Martinez, Jaime, Nascimento, João Luiz Xavier do, Pacheco, José Fernando, Paludo, Danielle, Prestes, Nêmora Pauletti, Serafini, Patrícia Pereira, Silveira, Luís Fábio, Sousa, Antônio Emanuel Barreto Alves de, Sousa, Nathália Alves de, Souza, Manuella Andrade de, Telino-Júnior, Wallace Rodrigues & Whitney, Bret Myers, 2018, An overview of migratory birds in Brazil, Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 58, pp. 1-66 : 39

Laridae

Xema sabini (VAG) : breeds in the Arctic, overwinters in the southeastern Atlantic in open sea in southwestern Africa, and in the eastern Pacific in open sea in northwestern South America ( Burger & Gochfeld, 1996). The first record for Brazil was of an individual presenting a basic non-nuptial plumage at Cassino beach/RS ( Parrini & Carvalho, 2009). It was later photographed in Maranhão (MA) in 2013 (WikiAves, 2016).

Leucophaeus pipixcan (VAG) : breeds in inland North America from British Columbia to Alberta and from Montana to Minnesota. There are also sparse populations north of the Rocky Mountains to the Great Basin. It overwinters mainly on the Pacific coast of South America as far as Chile ( Burger & Gochfeld,1996).It migrates through Mexico to the Pacific coast, where it arrives in late September to remain during boreal winter on the west coast of South America, along the coast of Ecuador to central Chile ( Burger & Gochfeld, 1996; Dias et al., 2010a). In Brazil, Dias et al. (2010a) show records for Fernando de Noronha/PE, lower Japurá River/AM, south coast of SP, Trindade Island/ Espírito Santo (ES), and multiple municipalities in RS. There are also documented records for Jacarecica, Maceió/AL ( Leal et al., 2013), Cáceres/MT in the Pantanal ( Kantek & Onuma, 2013) and Raposa/MA ( Gonsioroski, 2014). Photographic records also show its presence in MA, BA, RJ and SC (WikiAves, 2016). There is also one specimen from AM that was collected in April, 2015 (MPEG 80618).

[ Larus delawarensis ] (VAG): breeds in central and eastern North America; it overwinters in part of the USA, Mexico and Central America ( Burger & Gochfeld, 1996) and occasionally northern South America and northern Brazil ( Sick, 1997; Grantsau, 2010). Its episodic presence in Tefé/AM is because of a specimen collected in November 1968 that had been banded five months before at the border between Canada and the USA ( Sick, 1979).

Larus fuscus (VAG) : breeds in northern Eurasia and overwinters to the south, reaching the center and the coast of Africa (as far as Mozambique) and the coast of the Arabian Peninsula and India ( Burger & Gochfeld, 1996). It is also considered at least accidental in four countries in South America ( Almeida et al., 2014). In Brazil, it is considered vagrant: it has been recorded for the coast of CE near the mouth of the Jaguaribe River in 2005 ( Girão et al., 2006) and photographed in São Luís/MA in November 2011 ( Almeida et al., 2014).