Penia takasago Kishii, 1997
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5375.3.1 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:27D02F09-01B7-457A-8A99-D8644B7B6ADE |
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10201492 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AE8A2D-FFBE-CF7F-FF47-E994FD2AF888 |
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treatment provided by |
Plazi |
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scientific name |
Penia takasago Kishii, 1997 |
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( Figures 16 View FIGURE 16 , 17 View FIGURE 17 )
Penia takasago Kishii, 1997: 12 (original description; type locality: Taiwan, Nantou County, Sungkang) [partim]; Suzuki, 1999: 121 (catalogue); Cate, 2007: 185 (catalogue); Kundrata et al., 2018: 56 View Cited Treatment (catalogue).
Type material. Holotype. Female, Taiwan, Nantou County, Sungkang, 21 VII 1969, Y. Maeda leg. [ OMNH; PTK01 ]. Verbatim label data ( Fig. 16A View FIGURE 16 ). “HOLOTYPE”; “SUNGKANG/ FORMOSA / 21. VIII. 1969 / Y. MAEDA ”: “ Penia / takasago/ KISHII, sp. n. / Det. KISHII, ’92”; “ T. KISHII Coll./ OMNH / [15-16]” . Paratype. 1 female, Taiwan, Nantou County, Musha , 7 VIII 1969, T . Kobayashi leg. [ OMNH; PTK02 ] ; 1 female, Taiwan, Nantou County, Sungkang , 6 VIII 1969 (as 6 VII 1969 in original description), Y. Maeda leg. [ OMNH; 6348] .
Female. Diagnosis. This species is characterized by the following features: eyes 0.4 x longer than interocular distance in dorsal view; antennae extending beyond pronotum posterior lateral apices by antennomere VI, surpassing elytral half by antennomere XI; antennomeres III distinctly longer than II; IV 1.3–1.4 x longer than III, 0.8–0.85 x longer than II – III combined; apical maxillary palpomere 2.3–2.5 x longer than wide, shorter than maximum length of eye; pronotum strongly and straightly narrowed anterior to hind angles; posterior edge of pronotum with sublateral incisions; hind angles of pronotum acute, strongly protruding posterolaterad; hypomeron with moderate mesial projection; anterior angle of hypomeron rounded; hind angle of hypomeron claw-like shaped; scutellar shield almost as long as wide; mesosternal process between mesocoxae lower than mesocoxae, not visible in lateral view; posterior edge of mesosternal process 0.1–0.15 x wider than total width of mesosternum; elytron 3.4–3.6 x longer than wide, 2.9–3.0 x longer than pronotum length; abdominal ventrite V curved triangular, rounded apically; spiculum ventrale 3.9–4.6 x longer than length of sternite VIII; ovipositor shorter than length of abdomen.
In Taiwan, five species with broad bodies are known: P. babai , P. inopinata , P. pulla , P. takasago , and P. tsou . Their elytra are less than 4× their widths. They are separated from the elongate species, whose elytra are more than 4× the width. Among broad-bodied species, P. takasago is distinguished from the other congeners by the following characters (the other species in parentheses): eyes 0.4 x longer than interocular distance in dorsal view (eyes 0.2–0.3 x longer than interocular distance in dorsal view); OI: 177–179 (OI: 141–162); pronotum strongly and straightly narrowed anterior to hind angles (pronotum slightly narrowed or slightly widening anterior to hind angles); hind angles of pronotum acute (hind angles of pronotum broad); spiculum ventrale less than 5 x longer than length of sternite VIII (spiculum ventrale more than 5 x longer than length of sternite VIII); ovipositor shorter than length of abdomen (ovipositor longer than length of abdomen).
Penia takasago is remarkable also due to the many sclerotized spines inside the bursa copulatrix and the thick sac extending from around the apex of the bursa copulatrix and splitting in two; however, it is impossible to determine if these features are useful for species identification because the bursa copulatrix in the holotype of P. inopinata was lost and could not be compared to that of P. takasago .
Measurements (n=3; holotype in parentheses). BL: 8.61–8.79 (8.79), BW: 3.43–3.63 (3.58), MAE: 1.33–1.39 (1.39), MBE: 0.75–0.78 (0.78), OI: 177–179 (178), PL: 2.09–2.17 (2.17), PML: 1.63–1.71 (1.71), PW: 2.49–2.66 (2.62), PAW: 1.40–1.51 (1.50), PLI: 81.1–84.1 (83.0), PWI: 175–178 (175), EL: 6.25–6.45 (6.45), EW: 1.74–1.84 (1.82), EI: 341–364 (354), BI: 289–303 (297).
Redescription. Body broad, widest around elytral midlength ( Fig. 16B View FIGURE 16 ); surface generally smooth; interspaces between punctures distinctly larger than fine puncture diameter ( Fig. 16B, C View FIGURE 16 ). Color. Body, antennae and legs reddish brown. Lateral margin of pronotum, and external margins of hypomeron and prosternum paler. Lateral margin of elytra yellow. External edge of mandible, lateral and posterior edges of pronotum and mesosternal process between mesocoxae, posterior edges of hypomera and prosternum, external margin of scutellum and anterior edge of elytra blackish ( Fig. 16B, C View FIGURE 16 ). Body covered with long yellow setae.
Head. Frons flatted medially ( Fig. 16D, E View FIGURE 16 ); frontal carina not complete ( Fig. 16D View FIGURE 16 ); frontal margin rectangular but broadly rounded apically in dorsal view ( Fig. 16E View FIGURE 16 ); frontoclypeal region protruding beyond base of labrum. Eyes relatively normal in convexity, 0.4 x longer than interocular distance in dorsal view ( Fig. 16E View FIGURE 16 ). Antennae extending beyond pronotum posterior lateral apices by antennomere VI, surpassing elytral half by antennomere XI; antennomeres longer than wide; II obconical, shortest, 1.6 x longer than wide; III weakly serrated, 2.2–2.4 x longer than wide, 1.6 x longer than II; IV–XI filiform; IV 3.0–3.1 x longer than wide, 1.3–1.4 x longer than III, 0.8–0.85 x longer than II–III combined ( Fig. 16F View FIGURE 16 ); V 3.5–4.0 x longer than wide, 1.1–1.2 x longer than IV; XI 6.0–6.3 x longer than wide, 1.1–1.15 x longer than X. Mandible bidentate ( Fig. 16D View FIGURE 16 ). Apical maxillary palpomere semicircular ( Fig. 16G View FIGURE 16 ), 2.3–2.5 x longer than wide, shorter than maximum length of eye; anterior edge rounded.
Prothorax. Pronotum hexagonal, 0.8 x longer than wide, roundly widening anteriorly, widest around midlength, and then strongly and straightly narrowed anterior to hind angles ( Fig. 16B View FIGURE 16 ), tallest just behind midlength ( Fig. 16H View FIGURE 16 ), without median longitudinal depression posteriorly; anterior edge weakly concave; anterior angles simple, nearly right angle; punctate lateral ridge extending from anterior angles to hind angles ( Fig. 16B View FIGURE 16 ); hind angles simple, acute, strongly protruding posterolaterad; posterior edge with a moderate sublateral incision near each hind angle, without carinae next to sublateral incisions ( Fig. 16B View FIGURE 16 ). Hypomeron with moderate mesial projection ( Fig. 16I View FIGURE 16 : arrow); anterior angle rounded; mesial edge weakly and broadly rounded; mesial and posterior margins with impunctate ridge ( Fig. 16I View FIGURE 16 ); posterior margin with triangular projection between two large emarginations; hind angle abruptly narrowed to apex, claw-like shaped. Prosternum weakly to strongly incurved ventrally in lateral view ( Fig. 16H View FIGURE 16 ); anterior lobe distinctly protruding beyond prosternal ventral line in lateral view ( Fig. 16H View FIGURE 16 ); anterior edge broadly rounded in ventral view ( Fig. 16C View FIGURE 16 ). Prosternal process broad, 1.8 x longer than procoxal cavity length ( Fig. 16J View FIGURE 16 ), concave between procoxae, strongly curved dorsad from anterior edge of procoxal cavities in lateral view ( Fig. 16H View FIGURE 16 ), without subapical tooth; dorsal lobe roundly expanded anterior to apex in ventral view ( Fig. 16J View FIGURE 16 ); ventral lobe strongly roundly expanded near base and then abruptly narrowed posterad in ventral view ( Fig. 16J View FIGURE 16 ); ventral margin weakly and roundly expanded medially in lateral view ( Fig. 16H View FIGURE 16 ); apex rounded in lateral and ventral views ( Fig. 16H, J View FIGURE 16 ). Pronotosternal sutures not grooved ( Fig. 16I View FIGURE 16 ), nearly straight in ventral view ( Fig. 16C View FIGURE 16 ), slightly opened anteriorly. Scutellar shield tongue-shaped ( Fig. 16K View FIGURE 16 ), 0.95–1.00 x longer than wide, widest anteriorly, weakly constricted anteriorly and narrowed posteriad but parallel-sided in paratype, flat, inclined anterior-downwards, not visible in lateral view ( Fig. 16H View FIGURE 16 ); anterior edge broadly rounded but slightly protruding medially in holotype; posterior edge rounded. Mesosternum: borders of mesosternal cavity slightly rounded and then obtusely curved in lateral view ( Fig. 16H View FIGURE 16 ); mesosternal process between mesocoxae lower than mesocoxae, not visible in lateral view ( Fig. 16H View FIGURE 16 ); posterior edge 0.1–0.15 x wider than total width of mesosternum, weakly to strongly emarginate ( Fig. 16L View FIGURE 16 ). Mesepisternum reaching mesocoxal cavity ( Fig. 16L View FIGURE 16 ). Metasternum sulcate medially and anterior to metacoxal cavities ( Fig. 16L View FIGURE 16 ). Metacoxal plate narrowed toward outer side, becoming like a parallel-sided bar at its outer 1/ 8 in ventral view ( Fig. 16C View FIGURE 16 ). Elytron broadly strongly convex, but with outer margin widely depressed, widest behind midlength, 3.4–3.6 x longer than wide, 2.9–3.0 x longer than pronotum length; apex rounded; elytral striae defined by lines of elongated punctures. Hind wings fully developed. Tibiae with paired spurs; relative tarsomere lengths: IV<III II<V<I; tarsomeres III and IV with lobe ventrally ( Fig. 16M View FIGURE 16 ).
Abdomen. Ventrite V curved triangular, rounded apically ( Fig. 16C View FIGURE 16 ), 0.45–0.5 x longer than wide. Tergite and sternite VIII yellow. Terigite VIII curved triangular, rounded apically, 0.8–0.9 x longer than wide ( Fig. 17A View FIGURE 17 ), 0.7 x longer than wide in paratype (6348); sternite VIII (between base of spiculum ventrale and apex) hexagonal, 0.8 x longer than wide, 0.7 x longer than wide in paratype (6348) ( Fig. 17B View FIGURE 17 ; the subgenital segments of the paratype (6348) had been mounted in balsam on slides and were distorted by the pressure exerted by the coverslip, Fig. 17C, D View FIGURE 17 ); spiculum ventrale 3.9–4.6 x longer than length of sternite VIII ( Fig. 17E View FIGURE 17 ), 3.4 x longer than length of sternite VIII in paratype (6348) ( Fig. 17D View FIGURE 17 ). Ovipositor 0.85–0.9 x longer than length of abdomen; coxites two segmented at ventral side ( Fig. 17F View FIGURE 17 ), with several setae each dorsally, ventrally, and apically; stylus with a seta around apex. Vagina short ( Fig. 17E View FIGURE 17 ); bursa copulatrix elongated spheroid, posteriorly with a short sac ( Fig. 17G View FIGURE 17 : arrow 1); thick sac extending from around apex of bursa copulatrix ( Fig. 17G View FIGURE 17 : arrow 2), splitting in two ( Fig. 17G View FIGURE 17 : arrows 3, 4); many sclerotized spines in various sizes inside bursa copulatrix ( Fig. 17H View FIGURE 17 ).
Male. Unknown.
Discussion. A female paratype of Penia takasago (6349) does not belong to P. takasago but rather to a new species, P. inopinata (see discussion of P. inopinata ).
Platia and Schimmel (2007) reported a male of Penia takasago with a short description as the first record of a male but that was based on misidentification because the specimen differs from P. takasago in the shape of the pronotum and the ratio of the elytron length to pronotum length. Therefore, the male of P. takasago remains unknown. In this study, the male specimen, which is deposited at the Hungarian Natural History Museum, could not be examined.
Distribution. Taiwan: Nantou County ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 ).
| OMNH |
Osaka Museum of Natural History |
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Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics |
| VI |
Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute |
| V |
Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium |
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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Penia takasago Kishii, 1997
| Arimoto, Kôichi 2023 |
Penia takasago
| Kundrata, R. & Musalkova, M. & Kubaczkova, M. 2018: 56 |
| Cate, P. C. 2007: 185 |
| Suzuki, W. 1999: 121 |
| Kishii, T. 1997: 12 |