Chalcophorella (Stigmatophorella) bagdadensis bagdadensis (Laporte de Castelnau & Gory, 1837 )

Frank, David, 2020, Revision of the subgenus Stigmatophorella of Chalcophorella (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Chrysochroinae), Zootaxa 4895 (4), pp. 451-482 : 455-459

Chalcophorella (Stigmatophorella) bagdadensis bagdadensis (Laporte de Castelnau & Gory, 1837)

( Figs 2–9 , 41, 42 , 49 )

Buprestis bagdadensis Laporte de Castelnau & Gory (1837) : 125 (original description, incl. colour Fig. 174, Pl. 32); Marseul 1865: 91 (key), 97 (redescription); Marseul 1866: 529 (noted).

Chalcophora bagdadensis: Gemminger & Harold (1869) : 1357 (catalogue); Saunders (1871): 13 (catalogue); Kerremans (1892): 35 (catalogue); Holdhaus (1920): 42, 46 (catalogue).

Chalcophorella bagdadensis: Kerremans (1903) : 80 (catalogue); Kerremans (1909): 63 (key), 78 (redescription); Jakobson (1913): 780 (catalogue); Obenberger (1924): 15 (noted); Théry (1925): 79 (catalogue), 171 (noted); Obenberger (1926): 143 (catalogue); Théry (1930): 46 (noted); Richter (1952): 195 (key), 197 (redescription); Mandl & Pochon (1957): 325 (comparison with C. berhauti ), 326 (comparison with C. aureoscripta ); Knopf (1971): 85 (biology—probably for C. (S.) bagdadensis wandalii ; see ‘Biology’); Al-Ali (1977): 12 (catalogue); Abdul-Rassoul et al. (1988): 2 (catalogue); Niehuis (1989): 94 (catalogue); Nelson & Bellamy (1994): 301 (catalogue); Saghaei et al. (2010): 22 (biology—probably for C. (S.) bagdadensis quadrimaculata ; see ‘Biology’).

Chalcophorella (Stigmatophorella) bagdadensis bagdadensis: Obenberger (1942) : 8 (key, Fig. 1 ), 11 (catalogue); Cobos (1972): 31 (noted); Bílý (1981): 348 (noted, taxonomy); Kubáň (2006): 345 (catalogue); Bellamy (2008): 551 (catalogue); Ghahari, Volkovitsh & Bellamy (2015): 34 (catalogue); Kubáň (2016): 460 (catalogue).

Chalcophorella bagdadensis bagdadensis: Akiyama & Ohmomo (2000) : Pl. 38, Fig. 388-1 (iconography); Ali (2010): 18 (key), 19 (faunistic, biology).

Chalcophorella (Stigmatophorella) bagdadensis amarensis Obenberger (1942) : 8 (original description, incl. Fig. 2 ), 11 (catalogue); Cobos (1972): 31 [misidentification—see ‘Remarks’]; Bílý (1981): 348 (as synonym of C. (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis ); Kubáň (2006): 345 (catalogue, in synonymy C. (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis ); Bellamy (2008): 550 (listed as synonym of C. (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis ), 551 (catalogue, in synonymy C. (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis ); Ghahari, Volkovitsh & Bellamy (2015): 34 (catalogue, in synonymy of C. (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis ); Kubáň (2016): 460 (cata- logue, in synonymy of C. (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis ).

Chalcophorella amarensis: Ali (2010) : 19 (in synonymy of C. bagdadensis bagdadensis ).

Chalcophorella aureoscripta Mandl & Pochon (1957) : 326 (original description); Ali (2010): 19 (in synonymy of C. bagdadensis bagdadensis ).

Chalcophorella (Stigmatophorella) aureoscripta: Bílý (1981) : 348 (as synonym of C. (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis ); Kubáň (2006): 345 (catalogue, in synonymy of C. (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis ); Bellamy (2008): 550 (listed as synonym of C. (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis ), 551 (catalogue, in synonymy of C. (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis ); Ghahari, Volkovitsh & Bellamy (2015): 34 (catalogue, in synonymy of C. (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis ); Kubáň (2016): 460 (catalogue, in syn-onymy of C. (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis ).

Type localities. Buprestis bagdadensis : ‘Bagdad’ [ Iraq, Baghdad Governorate, Baghdad]; Chalcophorella (S.) amarensis : ‘ Iraq: Kut-el-Amara’ [ Iraq, Wasit Governorate, Kut]; Chalcophorella aureoscripta : ‘Tigris, 10 km S. v. Bagdad’ [data from the label; see ‘Remarks’].

Type material examined. Chalcophorella (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis : LECTOTYPE (present designation): ♁, ‘TYPE [r, p] || Bagdadensis | Gory | Bagdad. | Type [w, h] || Ex Musaeo | Mniszech [w, p] || MUSÉUM PARIS | COLL. R. OBERTHUR [w, p] || MNHN | EC 10301 [w, p]’ ( MNHN).

Specimen was provided with an additional red printed label: ‘ LECTOTYPE ♁ | Buprestis | bagdadensis | LA-PORTE DE CASTELNAU & GORY, 1837 | David Frank des. XI. 2019 [date handwritten]’ and also white printed label: ‘ Chalcophorella (Stigmatophorella) | bagdadensis bagdadensis | (LAPORTE DE CASTELNAU & GORY, 1837) | David Frank det. XI. 2019 [date handwritten]’.

Chalcophorella (S.) bagdadensis amarensis : LECTOTYPE (present designation): ♀, ‘TYPUS [r, p] || Kut-el-Ama-ra | Mesopotamia [w, h] || Mus. Nat. Pragae | Inv. 20110 [w, p/h] || Stigmatophorella | bagdadensis ssp. | amarensis m. Type | Det. Dr. Obenberger [w, h/p] || Stigmatophorella | bagdadensis Ob. | det. Sv. Bílý 1980 [w, h/p]’ ( NMPC).

Specimen was provided with an additional red printed label: ‘ LECTOTYPE ♀ Chalcophorella | ( Stigmatophorella ) | bagdadensis | amarensis | OBENBERGER, 1942 | David Frank des. III. 2020 [date handwritten]’ and also white printed label: ‘ Chalcophorella (Stigmatophorella) | bagdadensis bagdadensis | (LAPORTE DE CASTELNAU & GORY, 1837) | David Frank det. III. 2020 [date handwritten]’.

Chalcophorella (S.) bagdadensis aureoscripta : HOLOTYPE (by monotypy): ♁, ‘Tigris 10 km | S. v. Bagdad | Pi-etschmann [w, p] || Mesopot.Exp. | Nat.O. V.1910 [w, p] || Chalcophorella | aureoscripta | Mandl et Pochon | TYPUS [r, h/p] || cum typo | comparavit | Sv. Bílý 1980 [w, p/h] || Chalcophorella | ( Stigmatophorella ) | bagdadensis Obnb. | det. Sv. Bílý, 1980 [w, h/p]’ ( NHMW).

Specimen was provided with an additional red printed label: ‘ HOLOTYPE (by monotypy) | Chalcophorella | aureoscripta ♁ | MANDL & POCHON, 1957 | David Frank labelled III. 2020 [date handwritten]’ and also white printed label: ‘ Chalcophorella (Stigmatophorella) | bagdadensis bagdadensis | (LAPORTE DE CASTELNAU & GORY, 1837) | David Frank det. III. 2020 [date handwritten]’.

Additional material examined (9 ³³, 6 ♀♀). IRAN: KHŰZESTÂN PROV.: Perse, Gotvend, Escalera iv. v.1899, 1 ♀ ( MNCN) ; 31 km SE of Shűsh, Khamat env., 32°0′46′′N, 48°31′42′′E, 50m, 8.v.2016, leg. David Frank, 1 ♀ ( DFPC) ; Shush, Khamat ,, 32.013°N 48.527°E +/- 140m, elev. 58m, 8.5.2016, M. Kafka lgt., 1 ♀ ( DFPC) ; 33km SE Shush , 32°0′49′′N 48°31′40′′E, 55 m, 8.5.2016, lgt. R. Rejzek, 1 ♁ ( RRPC) . IRAQ: BAGHDAD GOV .: Bagdad, Dr. Kálalová, 1 ♁, 1♀ ( NMPC) ; Mesopotamia , Baghdad, 16.vii.1922, Maj.J.E.M.Boyd, 1 ♁ ( BMNH) ; Baghdad, xi:10:34, Iraq, Coll. by Yusuf Lazar, 1 ♁ ( BMNH) . SYRIA: Syrie , 1 ♁, 1 ♀ ( MNCN) . DEIR EZ- ZOR GOV.: Syrien, Deir-ez-Zor , 11.- 16.6.1980, leg. Mühle (1 ♁, 1 ♀ MNCN; 1 ♁ NHMB; 1 ♁ NMPC; 1 ♁ VKSC) .

Redescription of lectotype. Well preserved ♁ specimen with all appendages. Length 27.00 mm, width 10.25 mm, length/width ratio: 2.63.

Body generally black, pronotum with four pronotal principal reliefs at apical third; basal third of elytra blackgrey with bluish metallic reflections and four black elytral principal and several elytral minor reliefs.

Head black with some mouth parts brown, densely pubescent at lower half. Antennae dark brown, serrate from antennomere IV. Scape and pedicel black-grey, metallic, punctate and pubescent. Antennomere II ca. 2× shorter than I and III. Antennomere III triangular, V–X more trapezoidal than triangular, XI oval. Mandibles black; labrum brown, very densely pubescent. Maxillae and labium pale brown, palpi maxillaries and palpi labiales dark brown, densely pubescent. Eyes large, oval, area around eyes finely punctate and densely pubescent at lower half. Frons 1.5× as wide as diameter of eye, impressed with medial sulcus, coarsely punctate, pubescent. Vertex less coarsely punctate with sparse and short pubescence.

Pronotum 1.4× as wide as long, widest at mid-length, with rounded sides. Anterior margin arcuate with moderately protruding lobe, densely pubescent. Pronotal discal relief clearly bordered, black, sparsely punctate, shiny, narrowest at apical third. Sides of pronotum black-grey, densely, coarsely punctate, with pale tomentum and short recumbent pubescence. There are four black, shiny, irregularly circular pronotal principal reliefs at apical third, with inner larger than outer, and several black pronotal minor reliefs at basal third. Basal margin bisinuate, pronotal basal relief clearly bordered.

Scutellum small, almost quadrate, black and shiny.

Elytra with irregularly punctate to furrowed basal margin. Lateral margins slightly serrate at the apical quarter. Basal third black-grey with bluish metallic reflections around suture, very densely punctate, with white-grey tomentum and short pubescence. There are two clearly bordered, black, shiny, irregularly oval elytral principal reliefs on each elytron with outer larger than inner; and also several black, shiny, very irregular, smaller elytral minor reliefs. Middle and apical third black, smooth, with irregular micropunctation. Elytral impressions irregular with pale tomentum and short recumbent pubescence. Elytral ornaments large, with inner shiny areas, pubescent. Epipleura horizontal, black, punctate with sparse, short and recumbent pubescence.

Ventral side black, with dark grey punctation with bronze reflections. Hypomeron sparsely, irregularly and coarsely punctate; pubescent in punctation. Prosternum more densely punctate than hypomeron, punctures smaller than punctures on hypomeron, sparsely pubescent in punctation. Prosternal process subparallel-sided, 1.8× as long as wide, sparsely punctate, sides smooth, polished and nearly impunctate. Meso- and metanepisternum sparsely, coarsely punctate, pubescent in punctation, more densely on sides than in centre. Abdominal ventrites centrally sparsely punctate, shiny, laterally densely punctate, with long and recumbent pubescence.

Legs black, moderately densely and coarsely punctate, pubescent. Tibia with two apical ventral spurs, without carinae. Tarsi black with bluish reflections, pubescent.

Aedeagus length: 6.11 mm, width: 1.46 mm, length/width ratio: 4.18. Penis elongate, apex of parameres round-ed ( Fig. 41 ).

Variation. Body ♁♁ (n = 11) length: (23.00)24.00–27.75(29.50) mm, width: (8.50)9.25–10.50(11.50) mm, length/width ratio: 2.53–2.77; ♀♀ (n = 7): length: 27.50–31.00(33.50) mm, width: 10.50–12.75 mm, length/width ratio: 2.51–2.70. Amount of pronotal and elytral minor reliefs variable but low, some specimens without pronotal or elytral minor reliefs. Shape of elytral ornament variable but always large. Aedeagus (n = 3) length: 6.11–6.55 mm, width: 1.46–1.59 mm, length/width ratio: 3.94–4.23.

Differential diagnosis. Chalcophorella (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis can be distinguished from C. (S.) bagdadensis quadrimaculata and C. (S.) bagdadensis wandalii by clearly bordered outer elytral principal reliefs and large elytral ornaments. For additional characters see Key to species.

Biology. In the locality Iran, Shűsh , Khamat [32°03′35′′N, 48°31′49′′E] imagoes were collected in May on a trunk of Populus sp. in floodplain forest around Dez River .

In the locality Deir-ez-Zor ( Syria) imagoes were collected on an island in Eufrat River where there were gardens with vegetables and fruit trees. The imagoes occured on trunks and branches of small trees of Prunus armeniaca (H. M̹hle, pers. comm. June 2020).

In Iraq, Al-Ali (1977) reported that imagoes ‘feed on young shoots of apricot, fig, mulberry and Fraxinus ’. Knopf (1971) mentioned ‘ Chalcophorella bagdadensis C. & G.’ on Morus alba , Fraxinus sp. and ovipositting on Pistacia sp. but from the locality ‘Mosul, Sarsang’ it is probably the subspecies C. (S.) bagdadensis wandalii .

Based on the known localities it seems that C. (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis is a lowland subspecies. For example in the locality Iran, Khűzestân Province, Gotvend [32°14′42′′N, 48°48′47′′E] with altitude about 170 m C. (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis occurs, but only ca 50 km distant Iran, Khűzestân Province, 6 km SE of Azanak [32°39′37′′N, 48°43′16′′E] with altitude about 1000 m is the locality of C. (S.) bagdadensis quadrimaculata .

Saghaei et al. (2010: 22) reported Stenopogon junceus (Wiedemann, 1820) ( Diptera : Asilidae ) as a predator of ‘ Chalcophorella bagdadensis Laporte & Gory, 1837 ’. Their study material was from ‘Kohmareh, Iran, Fars Province ( Quercus forest)’ therefore from the locality it is probably the subspecies C. (S.) bagdadensis quadrimaculata .

Distribution. SW Iran, Iraq and Syria ( Fig. 49 ).

Remarks. 1836 is often mentioned as the year of the description of Buprestis bagdadensis . In this work 1837 is used according to Nelson & Bellamy (1994).

Laporte de Castelnau & Gory (1837) did not specify explicitly how many specimens they had at their disposal when describing Buprestis bagdadensis , they mentioned only depository in ‘Du cabinet des auteurs’ and also only a single length and width measurement ‘Long. 12 lig. Larg. 4 lig. 3 / 4. [27.07 × 10.71 mm]’. I found one male specimen in MNHN (coll. Oberth ̹r, ex Musaeo Mniszech) which has an old white handwritten label ‘Bagdadensis, Gory, Bagdad, Type’ and also a newer red printed label ‘TYPE’ ( Fig. 2 ) and which has almost identical length and width (27.00 × 10.25 mm). Therefore the specimen from MNHN is designated as a lectotype in order to conserve the status of this taxon and avoid any further misinterpretations .

Obenberger (1942) did not specify explicitly how many specimens he had at his disposal when describing C. (S.) bagdadensis amarensis nor mentioned any depository. I found one female specimen in NMPC ( Fig. 8 ) where Obenberger’s collection is deposited. This specimen has a locality label with the same data as in the description (Kut-el-Amara) and also Obenberger’s handwritten determination label marked ‘Type’ ( Fig. 3 ). Therefore the specimen from NMPC is designated as a lectotype in order to conserve the status of this taxon and avoid any further misinterpretations. Bílý (1981) synonymized C. (S.) bagdadensis amarensis with C. (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis and this synonymy is accepted by all following authors. I studied the type specimen of C. (S.) bagdadensis amarensis and found all differences are within variability of C. (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis . Therefore C. (S.) bagdadensis amarensis is kept in synonymy of C. (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis .

Mandl & Pochon (1957) described C. aureoscripta . There are two discrepancies in this case. In the description they mentioned one female specimen from ‘Tigris, 10 km s. o. Bagdad, Pietschmann, Mesop. Exped., Nat. O. V. 1919 ’ as a type deposited in NHMW. I found one male specimen in NHMW ( Fig. 9 , 42 ) which has white printed labels ‘Tigris 10 km | S. v. Bagdad | Pietschmann [w, p] || Mesopot.Exp. | Nat.O. V.1910 [w, p] || Chalcophorella | aureoscripta | Mandl et Pochon | TYPUS [r, h/p]’ and also a red type label ‘ Chalcophorella | aureoscripta | Mandl et Pochon | TYPUS [r, h/p]’ ( Fig. 4 ). As the specimen fits well the original description and it has a type label I consider it the type and suppose that the small differences in description are the result of an error. Bílý (1981) synonymized C. aureoscripta with C. (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis and this synonymy is accepted by all following authors. I studied the type specimen of C. (S.) bagdadensis aureoscripta and found all differences are within variability of C. (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis . Therefore C. (S.) bagdadensis aureoscripta is kept in synonymy of C. (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis . In the same article Bílý synonymized also C. (S.) bagdadensis berhauti with C. (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis but this subspecies belongs to C. (S.) bagdadensis quadrimaculata (for more information see ‘Remarks’ of C. (S.) bagdadensis quadrimaculata ).

Cobos (1972) mentioned 2 ♁♁, 1 ♀ from Khanzad, 10-V-1970 as C. (S.) bagdadensis amarensis . I found one male specimen in MNCN (coll. A. Cobos) with the same collecting data and it belongs to C. (S.) bagdadensis wandalii subsp. nov.

Richter (1952) mentioned C. (S.) bagdadensis from Caucasus being deposited in ZIN but I did not find any specimen from Caucasus in this collection. Caucasus is sometimes considered large area between Black and Caspian Sea including Ciscaucasia (north) and Transcaucasia (south) which also includes Armenia. Therefore it is possible that he knew some specimen C. (S.) bagdadensis wandalii subsp. nov. which has the northernmost occurrence in South Armenia. Specimens from Caucasus Mountains and farther to the north are not known.

Figures

FIGURES 1–4. 1– Chalcophorella (Stigmatophorella) specific terms of dorsal morphology (C. (S.) bagdadensis wandalii subsp. nov. (holotype)): a—pronotal principal reliefs; b—pronotal minor reliefs; c—pronotal discal relief; d—pronotal basal relief; e—elytral principal reliefs; f—elytral minor reliefs; g—elytral ornament; h—elytral impressions. 2—C. (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis (Laporte de Castelnau & Gory, 1837) (lectotype) © MNHN. 3—C. (S.) bagdadensis amarensis Obenberger, 1942 (lectotype) = C. (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis. 4—C. (S.) bagdadensis aureoscripta Mandl & Pochon, 1957 (holotype) = C. (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis. 1—dorsal view; 2–4—labels.Remarks. Obenberger (1942) divided Chalcophorella sensu

FIGURES 5–11. 5–7—Chalcophorella (Stigmatophorella) bagdadensis bagdadensis (Laporte de Castelnau & Gory, 1837) (lectotype, ♁ 27.00 mm) © MNHN. 8—C. (S.) bagdadensis amarensis Obenberger, 1942 (lectotype, ♀ 30.50 mm) = C. (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis. 9—C. (S.) bagdadensis aureoscripta Mandl & Pochon, 1957 (holotype, ♁ 29.50 mm) = C. (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis. 10—C. (S.) bagdadensis quadrimaculata (Redtenbacher, 1850) (lectotype). 11—C. (S.) bagdadensis freyi Obenberger, 1942 (paralectotype (NMPC)) = C. (S.) bagdadensis quadrimaculata. 5, 8, 9—dorsal view; 6—ventral view; 7—lateral view; 10, 11—labels.

FIGURES 41–48. Chalcophorella (Stigmatophorella), male genitalia. 41—Chalcophorella (Stigmatophorella) bagdadensis bagdadensis (Laporte de Castelnau & Gory, 1837) (lectotype) © MNHN; 42—C. (S.) bagdadensis aureoscripta Mandl & Pochon, 1957 (holotype) = C. (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis; 43—C. (S.) bagdadensis freyi Obenberger, 1942 (paralectotype (NMPC)) = C. (S.) bagdadensis quadrimaculata (Redtenbacher, 1850); 44—C. (S.) bagdadensis wandalii subsp. nov. (holotype); 45—C. (S.) escalerae (Abeille de Perrin, 1904) (lectotype); 46—C. (S.) orientalis Obenberger, 1924 (Pakistan (DFPC)); 47—C. (S.) quadrioculata (Kollar, 1843) (Turkey (DFPC)); 48—C. (S.) quadrioculata akbesiana Cobos 1957 (holotype) = C. (S.) quadrioculata. 41—aedeagus; 42–48—tegmen (left) and median lobe (right).

FIGURES 49–50. Maps of distribution. 49—map of distribution Chalcophorella (Stigmatophorella) bagdadensis bagdadensis (Laporte de Castelnau & Gory, 1837)—yellow, C. (S.) bagdadensis quadrimaculata (Redtenbacher, 1850)—green and C. (S.) bagdadensis wandalii subsp. nov.—red; 50—map of distribution C. (S.) escalerae (Abeille de Perrin, 1904)—green, C. (S.) orientalis Obenberger, 1924—yellow and C. (S.) quadrioculata (Kollar, 1843)—red.