Salina bidentata ( Handschin) , 1927

Soto-Adames, Felipe N., 2010, Review of the New World species of Salina (Collembola: Paronellidae) with bidentate mucro, including a key to all New World members of Salina, Zootaxa 2333, pp. 26-40 : 32

Salina bidentata ( Handschin), 1927

Crematocephalus bidentatus Handschin, 1927: 112–113, Figs. 11–12 ( Costa Rica). Handschin 1928: 250, 251, 261, key and description.

Salina bidentata Denis 1931: 150 , new combination, compared to S. wolcotti . Yosii 1956: 76, compared to S. celebensis . Delamare, 1951: 288, Fig. 10 a, b, illustration only ( Ivory Coast). Salmon 1964: 547, synonymy. Mitra 1966: 72, compared to S. nigrocephala . Rapoport 1971, 112, distribution based on published records. Mitra 1974: 360, suggestion it may belong in Pseudosalina. Christiansen & Bellinger 1980: 1006, compared to S. beta . Jacquemart 1982: 19, compared to S. panamae . Gruia 1983: 201, compared to S. ventricolor . Mari Mutt 1987b: 406, possible synonym with S. wolcotti . Mari Mutt & Bellinger 1990: 125, records in Neotropical region. Palacios-Vargas 1992: 26, 28, mention. Christiansen & Bellinger 1998: 1128, compared to S. beta .

Salina bidenticulata Szeptycki, 1979: 80 (lapsus calami?) comment on bothriotrichal pattern.

Material Examined: Costa Rica. Cartago, N 9° 51.25, W 83° 50.36, elevation 1390 m; beating Hibiscus bushes; 30 July 2004; 2 slide-mounted individuals. As above, but on chayote ( Sechium edule ); R. Lain coll.; 1 individual on slide. USA. Florida, Indian River Co., Vero Beach; beating grasses along road at intersection of Fourth Street and Rd. 609; September 2001; P. Armbuster, coll.; 1 individual on slide. Broward Co., Ft. Lauderdale, N 26° 0 8, W 80° 17; beating grasses along road; September 2001, P. Armbuster, coll.; 1 individual on slide. Buena Vista; on lima beans; 8 December 1982; H. Weeks & D. J. Vandel; 1juvenile, slide mounted.

Description: Length to 1.7 mm (smallest individual= 0.8 mm; average=1.2; n=4). Body yellow, without blue pigment dorsally; ventrally with scattered blue dots concentrated on posterior part of head and abdominal sterna; antennae amber, with narrow apical blue rings on each segment; legs amber with apical rings on femora and tibia. Ant. 1 ( Fig. 20 ) with 3 (2 in smallest individual) macrosetae. Prelabral setae 2. Postlabial columns CG with 5 normal ciliate setae (1 individual 5+6 setae). Macrochaetotaxy of Th. 2–Abd. 2 ( Figs. 21– 24 ) as 6(5–7), 6, 4(2–4), 2; Th. 2 macroseta 7 absent and 5 reduced in some individuals, socket of macroseta 8 smaller than others. Abd. 4 with 3 posterior setae. Number of setae in trochanteral organ varies with specimen size from 7 in smallest individual to 14 setae in largest individual. Claw complex normal for the genus, unguis with 1–2 distal unpaired teeth; most distal unpaired tooth always inconspicuous, sometimes apparently absent. Collophore anterior face with 4 macro- and 2 microsetae; lateral setae 11–13; posterior face with 2+2 setae (smallest individual with 1+1 setae). Proportion of dens:manubrium≈ 1.3 for largest individual and ≈1.0 for others; proportion dental vesicle/mucro ≈1.0 irrespective of body size. Mucro with basal dorsal denticle.

Remarks: The characters separating S. bidentata from S. wolcotti are discussed in the remarks to S. wolcotti . In chaetotaxy, S. bidentata is most similar to S. thibaudi n. sp., but differs in having only two prelabral setae, in the absence of peg-like smooth setae along head ventral groove, absence of macroseta 2 and presence of macroseta 7 on Th. 2 and the number of setae on the posterior face of the collophore. Salina bidentata apparently differs from S. ventricolor in chaetotaxy of Th. 2–Abd. 1, but see comments under S. wolcotti .

The individual from Buena Vista, Florida, is a small juvenile originally identified by Wray as S. wolcotti (the logical identification since Florida has more faunistic affinities with the Caribbean than with Central America). The specimen is partially folded over and most characters are difficult to see. The only unambiguous character distinguishing wolcotti and bidentata , the chaetotaxy of Th. 3, is clearly visible and this individual has 6 macrosetae arranged as in Figure 23 , hence I have identified this specimen as S. bidentata . Hall (1988) reported S. beta from sugarcane in Florida, but the colour description is consistent with S. bidentata , not S. beta . It is likely that the species was identified using the key in Christiansen & Bellinger (1980), and the first couplet in the key separates species using the shape of the mucro.

Delamare-Deboutteville (1951a) reported S. bidentata from Ivory Coast, but the presence of this species in Africa seems doubtful. Two characters illustrated in Delamare-Deboutteville ( 1951 a: p.69, Fig. 18 ) suggest the African species is different from S. bidentata : the very long antennae in the African specimen suggests it may belong in Pseudosalina, unfortunately, the mucro was not illustrated; in the African species Abd. 3 has the paired bothriotricha in a posterior position whereas in S. bidentata (and in all other New World Salina for which this character has been illustrated) the paired bothriotricha are anterior (e.g., Mari Mutt 1987a, Fig. 28 ).

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 12. 1 – 4 Salina wolcotti; 1. Detail of left eye patch; 2. Dorsal head chaetotaxy, arrow heads point at variable macrosetae (see text); 3. Prelabral and labral chaetotaxy, arrows point at spine-like setae; 4. Labial papilla E; 5. Postlabial chaetotaxy in S. thibaudi n. sp., circles represent ciliate microsetae similar to seta PLE 2 illlustrated, CG = Cephalic Groove column, PLM and PLE = Post Labial Medial and External columns, respectively; 6 – 8. Mucro and distal dental vesicle: 6. S. tristani; 7. S. banski; 8 a. S. wolcotti; 8 b. Pseudosalina nigrocephala (after Mitra 1974); 9. Chaetotaxy of left side of Abd. 4 in S. wolcotti, large circles represent macrosetae, small circles near posterior margin are mesosetae, dots are posterior setae, dotted lines join macrosetae present in all species in the beta group; 10. Relative length of Abd. 4 bothriotricha and bothriotricha-like setae in S. wolcotti, letters refer to position in Fig. 9; 11. S. ventricolor colour pattern (after Gruia 1983); 12. S. wolcotti, colour pattern (after Folsom 1927)

FIGURES 13 – 24. All figures show left aspect; arrowheads identify macrosetae absent or reduced in some individuals. 13 – 19. Chaetotaxy of Salina wolcotti; 13. Dorsal macrochaetotaxy of Ant. 1; 14. Schematic distribution of macrosetae on Th. 2 – Abd. 2; 15. Th. 2; 16. Th. 3; 17. Abd. 1; 18. Abd. 2; 19. Latero-posterior view of collophore; 20 – 24, Chaetotaxy of S. bidentata; 20. Ant. 1, dorsal view; 21. Schematic distribution of macrosetae on Th. 2 – Abd. 2; 22. Th. 2; 23. Th. 3; 24. Abd. 1.

FIGURES 25 – 33. All figures show left aspect; arrowheads identify macrosetae absent or reduced in some individuals. 25 – 26 Salina beta; 25. Schematic distribution of macrosetae on Th. 2 – Abd. 2; 26. Th. 2; 27 – 33 S. thibaudi n. sp.; 27. Ant. 1; 28. Schematic distribution of macrosetae on Th. 2 – Abd. 2; 29. Th. 2; 30. Th. 3, setae 1 b, 2 b and 5 b are absent in most individuals examined; 31. Abd. 1; 32. Abd. 4, circles are macrosetae, dots are posterior setae; 33. Posterior chaetotaxy of collophore.