Chone eiffelturris, Tovar-Hernández, 2007

Tovar-Hernández, María Ana, 2007, Revision of Chone Krøyer, 1856 (Polychaeta: Sabellidae) from North America and descriptions of four new species, Journal of Natural History 41 (9 - 12), pp. 511-566 : 531-534

Chone eiffelturris n. sp.

( Figure 7 )

Material examined

Type material. Panama [ LACM-AHF, holotype, 20 paratypes; ECOSUR 0072 , three paratypes], Pacific coast of Panama, Causeway, Cage 8, inner sand, coll. H. Lee, 3 June 1977 .

Topotype material. Panama [ LACM-AHF], Causeway, Pacific coast, inner sand, CON-F, Sample C, 31 January 1976 (2) ; T-F, Sample C, 22 March 1976 (2); P-E-I, Sample C, 19

March 1976 (1); P-F-1, Sample C, 28 March 1976 (1); T-D, Sample A, 1 April 1976 (2); T-D, Sample B, 4 April 1976 (5); P-O-1, Sample A, 4 April 1976 (2); P-O-1, Sample B, 4 April 1976 (1); CON-D, Sample A, 19 April 1976 (1); P-F-2, Sample A, 24 May 1976 (1); P-F-2, Sample C, 24 May 1976 (1); P-E-I, Sample B, 26 May 1976 (1); T-D, Sample B, 1 June 1976 (2); P-O-2, Sample B, 3 June 1976 (1); CON-F, Sample B, 1 April 1977 (2); CON-F, Sample C, 1 April 1977 (3); Set 1 # 1, 6 April 1977 (7); Set 2 # 3, 6 April 1977 (6); Set 5 # 1, 6 April 1977 (2); Set 1 # 1, 3 May 1977 (10); Set 2 # 3, 3 May 1977 (4); Set 4 # 3, 3 May 1977 (5); Set 5 # 3, 3 May 1977 (7); Control 42, 2 June 1977 (2); Control 45, 2 June 1977 (10); Control 49, 2 June 1977 (6); Cage 42, 2 June 1977 (3); Cage 49, 2 June 1977 (10); Control 8, 3 June 1976 (7); Control 33, 3 June 1977 (4); Control 38, 3 June 1977 (5); Cage 18, 3 June 1977 (11); Cage 33, 3 June 1971 (12); Cage 38, 3 June 1977 (2); No. 8, 3 June 1977 (10); Set 1 # 1, 1 July 1977 (2); No. 2, 1 July 1977 (5); No. 3, 1 July 1977 (1); No. 5, 1 July 1977 (10); No. 8, 1 July 1977 (1); No. 9, 1 July 1977 (3); Freeser, B/6, 6 July 1977 (1); Freeser, 015, 6 July 1977 (1). Causeway, Pacific coast, inner mud, Set 1 # 1, 6 April 1977 (5); Set 2 # 2, 6 April 1977 (3); Set 3 # 1, 6 April 1977 (7); Set 4 # 1, 6 April 1977 (4); Set 5 # 1, 6 April 1977 (2); Set 1 # 3, 3 May 1977 (3); Set 2 # 3, 3 May 1977 (6); Set 3 # 3, 3 May 1977 (10); Set 4 # 3, 3 May 1977 (5); Set 5 # 3, 3 May 1977 (2); Control 5, 2 June 1977 (4); Control 6, 2 June 1977 (5); Control 28, 2 June 1977 (5); Cage 2, 2 June 1977 (9); Cage 5, 2 June 1977 (10); Cage 6, 2 June 1977 (7); Control 18, 3 June 1977 (5); Control 2, coll. H. Lee, 3 June 1977 (13); Control 19, 3 June 1977 (5); Cage 19, 3 June 1977 (2); No. 1, 1 July 1977 (1); No. 3, 1 July 1977 (6); No. 4, 1 July 1977 (6); No. 5, 1 July 1977 (3); No. 10, 1 July 1977 (2).

Non-type material. California [ LACM-AHF], Tomales Bay, 003249, 6762, inshore (1); 15174, F 3326, K 112 (1). [ LACM-AHF], Marina del Rey , MMS Phase I, Help Collections: MDR 3A, 21 September 1978 (3) . MDR 2A, 21 September 1978 (1). MDR 3A, 17 March 1978 (1). MDR 4A, 21 September 1978 (3). MDR 4A, 23 June 1977 (3). [ LACM-AHF], Dawson , 1-4 # 2 (1). [ CSD-MBL], San Diego, Sta. I-35, 7 August 2003 , 19 m, RV (1). Western Mexico [ LACM-AHF], F3297 , 2026 /51 (1); F3302, 2013-51 (1); F3324, 2624 (8); F3334, N15182 , P51-59 (3); F3535, N15183 , P51-59 (4); F3357, 6179- 5h (2); F3359, M15193, 10870, P5-59 (1); F3364, 2624-54 (30). [ CSD-MBL], Tijuana, Sta. TJI-4, 11 August 1997, 0.29 m , KL-C (1). [ ECOSUR], Bahía de Todos Santos , 15 October 1981 (3).

Additional material. Chone aurantiaca ( Johnson, 1901) [MCZ 1933, holotype]. Chone magna ( Moore, 1923) [USNM 17281, holotype]. Chone mollis (Bush in Moore, 1904) [YPM 2793, holotype]. Chone picta ( Verrill, 1885) [YPM 30000, topotype].

Description (based on holotype, in parentheses variation observed in paratypes)

Colour, body shape, and size. Body cream coloured, with a whitish glandular ridge (gr) persegment from third thoracic segment to mid-abdomen ( Figure 7A ). Trunk cylindrical.Posterior abdomen depressed dorso-ventrally. Body length 38 mm (9.5–25), width 1.2 mm (0.5–1.5). Tube composed of small rocky fragments: black, brown, and terracotta.

Branchial lobes and branchial crown. Insertion of the branchial lobes not exposed beyond collar ( Figure 7B ). Branchial crown length 8 mm (4–7). Radioles: nine pairs (five to eight). Median pinnules two times longer than more proximal pinnules. Radiolar tips extremely long (1 mm) ( Figure 7D, E ). The palmate membrane extends to three-quarters the length of branchial crown (almost reaching the radiolar tips) ( Figure 7E ). Lateral flanges narrow ( Figure 7D, E ). Dorsal lips (dl) triangular, two times longer than wide, without mid-rib ( Figure 7F–H ). Dorsal pinnular appendages: one pair (1). Ventral lips rounded, about onequarter the length of dorsal lips. Ventral radiolar appendages: two short pairs.

Peristomium . Anterior peristomial ring lobe (lo) not exposed beyond collar, distally entire, triangular. Posterior peristomial ring collar: antero-dorsal margin forming two welldeveloped dorsal pockets, entire length of mid-dorsal collar margins forms a narrow gap ( Figure 7B ); lateral, dorsal, and ventral margins entire ( Figure 7A–C ); ventral margin higher than dorsal ( Figure 7C ). Ventral shield of collar Eiffel Tower-shaped, swollen, 2.5 times longer than wide ( Figure 7A ). Ratio of posterior peristomial ring collar length versus chaetiger 2 length, in lateral view: 2.5:1.

Thorax. Chaetiger 1: two groups of elongate, narrowly hooded chaetae. Chaetigers 2–8: notopodia—two irregular rows of elongate, narrowly hooded chaetae; one anterior row with bayonet chaetae; two posterior rows with five symmetrical, paleate chaetae with minute mucro ( Figure 7I ); neuropodia—one row of acicular uncini per torus, main fang surmounted by four rows of teeth equal in size, second tooth enlarged, located offset midline, dentition occupying three-quarters of main fang length ( Figure 7L ). Pre- and postchaetal lobes well developed. Glandular ridge on chaetiger 2 (gr2): narrow. Very narrow glandular ridges (gr) in thoracic segments.

Abdomen. Abdominal segments: 53 (43–51). Anterior segments: two transverse rows ofelongate, narrowly hooded chaetae, chaetae from upper row half as long as chaetae in lower row; uncini with the main fang surmounted by three regular rows of teeth in frontal view, second tooth enlarged, dentition occupying half the length of main fang ( Figure 7J ), main fang not extending beyond breast, breast rectangular; single, narrow glandular ridge per segment, more evident than those in thorax. Posterior segments: one or two very elongate, narrowly hooded chaetae, directed upwards, modified uncini with the main fang surmounted by six to seven regular vertical rows of teeth equal in size ( Figure 7K ), occupying three-quarters the length of main fang, main fang not extending beyond breast, breast rectangular. Pygidium with triangular posterior margin ( Figure 7A ).

Methyl green staining. Anterior margin of the ventral shield of collar not coloured ( Figure 7A, C ). Body stains uniformly ( Figure 7A–C ). Posterior end with a granular pattern ( Figure 7A ).

Gametes. Paratype and specimen from [LACM-AHF 003249, 6762] females with abundant polygonal oocytes in all thoracic segments and anterior abdomen, diameter 115–150 mm.

Etymology

The specific name refers to the peculiar shape of the ventral shield of the collar, which is Eiffel Tower-shaped. Derived from the Latin turris, meaning tower.

Remarks

Chone eiffelturris n. sp., C. paramollis n. sp., C. aurantiaca , C. magna , C. mollis , and C. picta have paleate chaetae with a minute mucro, not easily discernible (Tables II, III). However, Chone eiffelturris n. sp. and C. paramollis n. sp. have the modified posterior abdominal uncini typical of Group II, in comparison with C. aurantiaca , C. magna , C. mollis , and C. picta the abdominal uncini are of similar shape throughout (Group I). Chone eiffelturris n. sp. has extremely long radiolar tips (long in C. paramollis n. sp.); the palmate membrane extends more than three-quarters the length of branchial crown, almost reaching radiolar tips (three-quarters in C. paramollis n. sp.); ventral shield of collar is Eiffel Tower-shaped (horseshoe-shaped in C. paramollis n. sp.) and glandular ridges are present in thorax and anterior abdominal segments (absent in C. paramollis n. sp.). Chone eiffelturris n. sp. is unique in having extremely long radiolar tips, ventral shield of collar Eiffel Tower-shaped and glandular ridges in thorax and anterior abdomen. Other species with glandular ridges in thorax and anterior abdomen are Chone albocincta and C. veleronis (see remarks on C. albocincta ). Chone mollis and Chone eiffelturris n. sp. are species with wide distribution in California, Western Mexico, and the Pacific coast of Panama.

Figures

Figure 7. Chone eiffelturris n. sp. (A) Body, ventro-lateral view; (B) anterior end, dorsal view; (C) same, lateral view; (D) radiolar tip; (E) radioles; (F) base of the branchial crown; (G) dorsal lip; (H) dorsal lip and dorsal most radiole; (I) paleate chaetae; (J) anterior abdominal uncinus; (K) posterior abdominal uncinus; (L) thoracic acicular uncinus. (A–C) Methyl green staining, in (A) only some segments are coloured. (A–C) [LACM-AHF, holotype]; (D–L) [LACM-AHF, paratype].