Tetragoneura Winnertz

Amorim, Dalton De Souza & Oliveira, Sarah Siqueira, 2013, Types of Neotropical Mycetophilidae (Diptera) at the Natural History Museum collection, London, Zootaxa 3726 (1), pp. 1-119 : 43-51

Tetragoneura Winnertz

Tetragoneura Winnertz 1846: 18 . Type-species, T. distincta Winnertz ( Johannsen 1909: 34, 35) = sylvatica (Curtis).

T. aruensis Lane 1952b: 402 , fig. 1 (♂ terminalia). Type-locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Salesópolis, Estação Biológica de Boracéia. Holotype ♂, MZUSP.

Notes. The type series included the male holotype and fifteen male paratypes, of which a pair of male paratypes at the NHM (BMNH(E) # 253980-1). Both had the male terminalia dissected, but only one of them has the microslide mount attached to the pinned card.

T. ardeiceps Freeman 1951: 85 , figs. 161 (♂ terminalia), 289 (wing). Type-locality: Argentina, Río Negro, Lago Correntoso. Holotype ♂, NHM.

( Figure 117 )

Notes. The type series included the male holotype and a female paratype, both of which are at the NHM . The holotype labels are: “ Tetragoneura / ardeiceps [hw] / Freeman. / HOLOTYPE ” [printed on red label]” // [male terminalia on a microslide attached to a pinned plastic stripe]” // “HOLO- / TYPE” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // “Lago Correntoso / 18–25.xi.1926.” // “ Argentina: / Terr. Río Negro. / F. & M. Edwards / B.M. 1927–63.” // “BMNH(E) # / 254058”. Both wings of the holotype are missing, but the paratype is in good condition ( BMNH (E) # 254059) .

T. bacilliger Edwards 1932: 144 , fig. 5 (♂ terminalia). Type-locality: Brazil, Paraná, Rio Negro. Holotype ♂, NHM.

( Figure 118 )

Notes. The type series included only the male holotype. Its labels are: “Rio Negro. / Paraná. / 1925.” [hw] // “HOLO- / TYPE” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // [male terminalia dissected and mounted on a separate acetate sheet] // “ Tetragoneura / bacilliger Edw. [hw] / F.W. Edwards / det. 1933 [pr]” // “ Brazil: / Th. Borgmeier. / B.M. 1931-577.” // “ Tetragoneura / bacilliger Edw. [hw] / F.W. Edwards. / det. 1931. [pr] / “ HOLOTYPE [pr] / Tetragoneura / bacilliger [hw] / det. J.E. Chainey, 1995 [pr]” // “BMNH(E) # / 253977”. The holotype is in good condition.

T. bifida Freeman 1951: 85 , fig. 162 (♂ terminalia). Type-locality: Chile, Llanquihue , Casa Pangue. Holotype ♂, NHM.

( Figure 119 )

Notes. The type series included only the male holotype. Its labels are: “ Tetragoneura / bifida [hw] / Freeman. /

HOLOTYPE ” [printed on red label]” // [male terminalia on a microslide attached to a pinned plastic stripe]” //

“HOLO- / TYPE ” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // “Casa Pangue / 4–10.xi.1926.” // “S.

Chile: / Llanquihue. / F. & M. Edwards / B.M. 1927–63.” // “BMNH(E) # / 254067”. The type is in good condition.

T. borgmeiri Edwards 1932: 142 , fig. 1 (♂ terminalia). Type-locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro. Holotype ♂, NHM.

( Figure 120 )

Notes. The type series included only the male holotype. The labels are: “Rio [pr] x-1929 [hw] / T. Borgmeier” [hw] // [male terminalia dissected and mounted on a separate acetate sheet] // “HOLO- / TYPE” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border] // “Type” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border] // “ Tetragoneura / borgmeieri Edw. [hw] / F.W. Edwards / det. 1933 [pr]” // “ Brazil: / Th. Borgmeier. / B.M. 1931-577.” // “ Tetragoneura / borgmeieri Edw. [hw] / F.W. Edwards. / det. 1931. [pr] / “ HOLOTYPE [pr] / Tetragoneura / borgmeieri [hw] / det. J.E. Chainey, 1995 [pr]” // “BMNH(E) # / 253987”. The holotype is in very good condition.

T. burenari Lane 1952b: 403 , fig. 2 (♂ terminalia). Type-locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Salesópolis, Estação Biológica de Boracéia. Holotype ♂, MZUSP.

Notes. The type series included the male holotype and seven male paratypes. A pair of male paratypes from the type-locality is at the NHM ( BMNH (E) #253982-3). Both have the male terminalia dissected, mounted between microslides .

T. caetensis Lane 1952b: 404 , fig. 3 (♂ terminalia). Type-locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Campos do Jordão. Holotype ♂, MZUSP.

Notes. The type series included the male holotype and three male paratypes. There is a male paratype at the NHM

from the type-locality (BMNH(E) #253984). The terminalia is dissected and mounted between microslides.

T. concurrens Edwards 1933: 321 . Type-locality: Bolivia, La Paz. Holotype ♂, MTD.

( Figure 121 )

Notes. The type series included the male holotype and a male paratype from the type-locality, of which the paratype is at the NHM (BMNH(E) #253979). The paratype is in good condition, part of the abdomen is glued to the micropin card base, while the terminalia is mounted on a separate acetate sheet.

T. dentata Freeman 1951: 85 , fig. 160 (♂ terminalia). Type-locality: Argentina, Río Negro, Lago Correntoso. Holotype ♂, NHM.

( Figure 122 )

Notes. The type series included the male holotype, six males and two female paratypes, of which the holotype and six paratypes are at the NHM. The holotype labels are: “ Tetragoneura / dentata [hw] / Freeman. / HOLOTYPE ”

[printed on red label]” // [male terminalia on a microslide attached to a pinned plastic stripe]” // “HOLO- / TYPE ”

[printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // “Lago Correntoso / 18–25.xi.1926.” // “ Argentina: / Terr.

Río Negro. / F. & M. Edwards / B.M. 1927–63.” // “BMNH(E) # / 254060”. The holotype is in excellent condition.

The paratypes are numbered BMNH(E) #254061-6.

T. eremanai Lane 1952b: 405 , fig. 5 (♂ terminalia). Type-locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Campos do Jordão. Holotype ♂, MZUSP.

Notes. The type series included the male holotype and five male paratypes, of which one of the male paratypes, from the type-locality, is at the NHM ( BMNH (E) #253985). The male terminalia is dissected and mounted between microslides .

T. flavicauda Edwards 1941: 310 . Type-locality: Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Salobra. Holotype ♂, NHM.

( Figure 123 )

Notes. The type series included the male holotype and a female paratype. The labels of the holotype are: “1.218” // “M. Grosso / Salobra / vii.1939 / Exp. C. Z. B.” // Brazil. / J Lane. BM 1939.636.” [hw] // “HOLO- / TYPE” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // [male terminalia dissected, mounted on an acetate sheet] // “HOLO- / TYPE” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // “Type” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // “ Tetragoneura / flavicauda Edw. [hw] / F.W. Edwards 193[pr]9[hw]” // “ HOLOTYPE [pr] / Tetragoneura / flavicauda [hw] / det. J.E. Chainey, 1996 [pr]” // “BMNH(E) # / 253988”. The holotype is in fairly good condition with just one of each pair of legs. The paratype collection number is BMNH(E) #253989 and is in very good condition.

T. flavicincta Freeman 1951: 84 , fig. 158 (♂ terminalia). Type-locality: Argentina, Río Negro, Lago Correntoso. Holotype ♂, NHM.

( Figure 124 )

Notes. The type series included the male holotype, ten males and eleven females paratypes, of which the holotype and ten male and eight female paratypes, and two paratypes with abdomen missing are at the NHM . The labels of the holotype are: “ Mycomya / flavescens [hw] / Freeman. / HOLOTYPE ” [printed on red label]” // [male terminalia on a microslide attached to a pinned plastic stripe]” // “HOLO- / TYPE” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // “Lago Correntoso / 18–25.xi.1926.” // “ Argentina: / Terr. Río Negro. / F. & M. Edwards / B.M. 1927–63.” // “BMNH(E) # / 253992”. One of the mid and one of the hindlegs are missing, but the rest of the specimen is in good condition. The paratypes are numbered ( BMNH (E) #254993-012) .

T. galea Freeman 1951: 84 , fig. 159 (♂ terminalia). Type-locality: Argentina, Río Negro, Lago Correntoso. Holotype ♂, NHM.

( Figure 125 )

Notes. The type series included the male holotype and seventeen male paratypes, of which the holotype and fifteen paratypes are at the NHM. The holotype labels are: “ Tetragoneura / galea [hw] / Freeman. / HOLOTYPE ” [printed on red label]” // [male terminalia on a microslide attached to a pinned plastic stripe]” // “HOLO- / TYPE” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // “Lago Correntoso / 18–25.xi.1926.” // “ Argentina: / Terr. Río Negro. / F. & M. Edwards / B.M. 1927–63.” // “BMNH(E) # / 254042”. The holotype is in good condition. The paratypes are numbered BMNH(E) #254043-57 .

T. guajaensis Lane 1952b: 406 , fig. 7 (♂ terminalia). Type-locality: Brazil, São Paulo, São Paulo. Holotype ♂, MZUSP.

Notes. The type series included the male holotype and five male paratypes, of which a male paratype from the type-locality is at the NHM ( BMNH (E) # 253986). The male terminalia is dissected and mounted between microslide mounting .

T. nigripalpis Freeman 1951: 87 , fig. 168 (♂ terminalia). Type-locality: Argentina, Río Negro, Lago Correntoso. Holotype ♂, NHM.

( Figure 126 )

Notes. The type series included the male holotype and a female paratype, both of which are at the NHM. The holotype labels are: “ Tetragoneura / nigripalpis [hw] / Freeman. / HOLOTYPE ” [printed on red label]” // [male terminalia on a microslide attached to a pinned plastic stripe]” // “HOLO- / TYPE” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // “Lago Correntoso / 18–25.xi.1926.” // “ Argentina: / Terr. Río Negro. / F. & M. Edwards / B.M. 1927–63.” // “BMNH(E) # / 254141”. The type and the female paratype ( BMNH (E) # 254142) are in good condition .

T. nocticolor Edwards 1932: 146 , fig. 6 (♂ terminalia). Type-locality: Type-locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Petrópolis. Holotype ♂, NHM.

( Figure 127 )

Notes. The type series included only the male holotype. Its labels are: “Petrópolis / M. Vogel / 1.1930. [hw] // “HOLO- / TYPE” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // “Type” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // [male terminalia mounted on an acetate sheet] // “ Tetragoneura / nocticolor Edw. [hw] / F.W. Edwards / det. 1931 [pr]” // “ HOLOTYPE [pr] / Tetragoneura / nocticolor [hw] / Edwards / det. J.E. Chainey 1995 [pr]”// “BMNH(E) # / 253978”. The holotype is double-mounted, with the micropin across the thorax laterally and one of the wings glued to the base of the micropin.

T. pectinata Freeman 1951: 88 , fig. 169 (♂ terminalia), 290 (wing). Type-locality: Argentina, Río Negro, Lago Correntoso. Holotype ♂, NHM.

( Figure 128 )

Notes. The type series included the male holotype, seven male and seven female paratypes, of which the holotype and all male and five of female paratypes are at the NHM. The holotype labels are as follows: “ Mycomya / flavescens [hw] / Freeman. / HOLOTYPE ” [printed on red label]” // [male terminalia on a microslide attached to a pinned plastic stripe]” // “HOLO- / TYPE” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // “Lago Correntoso / 18–25.xi.1926.” // “ Argentina: / Terr. Río Negro. / F. & M. Edwards / B.M. 1927–63.” // “BMNH(E) # / 254082”. The holotype is in very good condition. The paratypes are numbered BMNH(E) # 254083-94 .

T. pollux Freeman 1951: 86 , fig. 164 (♂ terminalia). Type-locality: Chile, Llanquihue , Casa Pangue. Holotype ♂, NHM.

( Figure 129 )

Notes. The type series included only the male holotype. Its labels are: “ Mycomya / flavescens [hw] / Freeman. /

HOLOTYPE ” [printed on red label]” // [male terminalia on a microslide attached to a pinned plastic stripe]” //

“HOLO- / TYPE ” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // “Casa Pangue / 4–10.xii.1926.” // “S.

Chile: / Llanquihue Prov. / F. & M. Edwards / B.M. 1927–63.” // “BMNH(E) # / 254069”. One of the anterior legs is missing, but the holotype is in good condition.

T. riveti ( Edwards) 1919: 146 , fig. 6 (wing) ( Megophthalmidia ). Type-locality: Ecuador, El Pelado. Holotype ♂, MNHN.

( Figure 130 )

Notes. Edwards designated a “ ♂ type” in the original description, making reference to four other males and two damaged females, so the reference to syntypes by Papavero (1978: 35) does not apply. The holotype is at the MNHN and the NHM has two paratypes ( BMNH (E) #253990-1). These paratypes may not be conspecific to each other and are not in very good condition. Paratype # 253991 is a male and has the wing slightly folded and is considerably larger than most other species of Tetragoneura . It agrees with the description of the species. Paratype # 253990, however, is much smaller, has brachipterous or an undeveloped wing and the abdomen is entirely missing. It could even not belong to Tetragoneura .

T. simillima Freeman 1954: 39 (nom. nov. for T. similis Freeman ). Type-locality: Argentina, Río Negro, Lago Correntoso. Holotype ♂, NHM.

T. SIMILIS Freeman 1951: 86 , fig. 166 (♂ terminalia) (preocc. Garreett, 1925). Type-locality: Argentina, Río Negro, Lago Correntoso. Holotype ♂, NHM.

( Figure 131 )

Notes. The type series included the male holotype, five males and two females paratypes, of which the holotype, four male and two female paratypes are at the NHM. The holotype labels are: “ Mycomya / flavescens [hw] / Freeman. / HOLOTYPE ” [printed on red label]” // [male terminalia on a microslide attached to a pinned plastic stripe]” // “HOLO- / TYPE” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // “Lago Correntoso / 18– 25.xi.1926.” // “ Argentina: / Terr. Río Negro. / F. & M. Edwards / B.M. 1927–63.” // “ Tetragoneura / # 13” // “BMNH(E) # / 254075”. The holotype is in good condition. Paratypes have NHM numbers # 254076-81 .

T. simplex Edwards 1932: 143 , fig. 2 (♂ terminalia). Type-locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro. Ref.— Lane 1952b: 408. Lectotype ♂, NHM, here designated.

( Figure 132 )

Notes. The type series included two male syntypes, of which a single male is at the NHM, here designated the lectotype. The labels of the lectotype are: “Rio [pr] x-1929 [hw] / Borgmeier” [pr] // [male terminalia dissected and mounted on an acetate sheet] // “SYN- / TYPE” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border] // “Type” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border] // Tetragoneura / simplex Edw. [hw] / F.W. Edwards. / det. 1931. // “ Brazil: / Th. Borgmeier. / B.M. 1931-577.” // “ SYNTYPE of [pr] / Tetragoneura / simplex [hw] / det. J.E. Chainey, 1995 [pr]” // “BMNH(E) # / 253974”. The lectotype is in excellent condition with dissected terminalia .

T. simplicipes Freeman 1951: 87 , fig. 167 (♂ terminalia). Type-locality: Chile, Llanquihue , Casa Pangue. Holotype ♂, NHM.

( Figure 133 )

Notes. The type series included the male holotype, four male and two female paratypes, of which the holotype and one female paratype are at the NHM. The holotype labels are: “ Tetragoneura / simplicipes [hw] / Freeman. / HOLOTYPE ” [printed on red label]” // [male terminalia on a microslide attached to a pinned plastic stripe]” // “HOLO- / TYPE” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // “ Casa Pangue / 4–10.xi.1926.” // “S. Chile: / Llanquihue Prov. / F. & M. Edwards / B.M. 1927–63.” // “BMNH(E) # / 254070”. The holotype is in good condition. Two of the male paratypes had the terminalia dissected, but in one of them the mounting is missing from its point ( BMNH (E) # 254071-4). The female paratype left wing has R 4 present, differently from the holotype and the male paratypes.

T. simplicistila Freeman 1951: 89 , fig. 163 (♂ terminalia). Type-locality: Chile, Llanquihue , Casa Pangue. Holotype ♂, NHM.

( Figure 134 )

Notes. The type series included only the male holotype. Its labels are: “ Tetragoneura / simplicipes [hw] / Freeman. / HOLOTYPE ” [printed on red label]” // [male terminalia on a microslide attached to a pinned plastic stripe]” // “HOLO- / TYPE” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // “Casa Pangue / 4–10.xi.1926.” // “S. Chile: / Llanquihue Prov. / F. & M. Edwards / B.M. 1927–63.” // “BMNH(E) # / 254068”. The type is good condition, but the entire abdomen has been removed from the holotype and only the terminalia is mounted on the separate acetate sheet.

T. sinuata Freeman 1951: 83 , fig. 157 (♂ terminalia). Type-locality: Argentina, Río Negro, Lago Correntoso. Holotype ♂, NHM.

( Figure 135 )

Notes. The type series included the male holotype, fourteen male and seventeen female paratypes, of which the holotype, thirteen male and fifteen female paratypes are at the NHM. The labels of the holotype are: “ Mycomya / flavescens [hw] / Freeman. / HOLOTYPE ” [printed on red label]” // [male terminalia on a microslide attached to a pinned plastic stripe]” // “HOLO- / TYPE” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // “Lago Correntoso / 18–25.xi.1926.” // “ Argentina: / Terr. Río Negro. / F. & M. Edwards / B.M. 1927–63.” // “BMNH(E) # / 254013”. The holotype is in fairly good condition, with the wing membrane in some areas at the margin folded back. The paratypes are numbered BMNH(E) # 254014-41 .

T. spinata Edwards 1932: 144 , fig. 3 (♂ terminalia). Type-locality: Brasil, São Paulo, São Paulo. Holotype ♂, NHM.

( Figure 136 )

Notes. The description of T. spinata designated as “type” a male from São Paulo and as “cotype” a male from Petrópolis, so there is valid holotype for the species, not syntypes as appears in Papavero (1978: 35). The labels of the holotype are: “ São Paulo [pr] 30.8.30 [hw] / Borgmeier” [pr] // “HOLO- / TYPE” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border] // “Type” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border] // Tetragoneura / spinata Edw. [hw] / F.W. Edwards. / det. 1931. // “ Brazil: / Th. Borgmeier. / B.M. 1931-577.” // “ HOLOTYPE [pr] / Tetragoneura / spinata [hw] / det. J.E. Chainey, 1995 [pr]” // “BMNH(E) # / 253975”. The holotype is in fair condition, without the head, most legs, and part of the abdomen. The male terminalia is not mounted, so it must be assumed to be lost. The specimen from Petrópolis is not at the NHM .

T. tibialis Freeman 1951: 86 , fig. 165 (♂ terminalia). Type-locality: Argentina, Río Negro, Bariloche. Holotype ♂, NHM.

( Figure 137 )

Notes. The type series included the male holotype, thirty-one male and fifteen female paratypes, of which the holotype and twenty-nine males, thirteen females and two specimens with broken abdomen are at the NHM. The labels of the holotype are as follows: “ Mycomya / flavescens [hw] / Freeman. / HOLOTYPE ” [printed on red label]” // [male terminalia on a microslide attached to a pinned plastic stripe]” // “HOLO- / TYPE” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // “Lago Correntoso / 25–28.x.1926.” // “ Argentina: / Terr. Río Negro. / F. & M. Edwards / B.M. 1927–63.” // “BMNH(E) # / 254095” // “ Tetragoneura / 12” [hw]. The holotype is in good condition. The paratypes are numbered BMNH(E) # 254096-140 .

T. vogeli Edwards 1932: 144 , fig. 4 (♂ terminalia). Type-locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Petrópolis. Holotype ♂, NHM.

( Figure 138 )

Notes. The type series included only the male holotype. The holotype labels are: “Petrópolis / M. Vogel / i.1930

[hw] // [male terminalia dissected and mounted on an acetate sheet] // “HOLO- / TYPE ” [printed in black on a rounded label with red border]” // “ Tetragoneura / vogeli Edw. [hw] /F.W. Edwards / det. 1931 [pr]” //

“ HOLOTYPE [pr] / Tetragoneura / vogeli [hw] / Edwards / det. J.E. Chainey 1995 [pr]”// “BMNH(E) # / 253976”.

The holotype is in fair condition, with all four anterior legs incomplete.

Figures

FIGURES 113–123. Mycetophilidae habitus. 113. Procycloneura furcata Freeman, paratype ♀. 114. Procycloneura morosa Edwards, paratype ♀. 115. Procycloneura paranensis Edwards, lectotype ♂. 116. Procycloneura similis Freeman, holotype ♂. 117. Tetragoneura ardeiceps Freeman, holotype ♂. 118. Tetragoneura bacilliger Edwards, holotype ♂. 119. Tetragoneura bifida Freeman, holotype ♂. 120. Tetragoneura borgmeiri Edwards, holotype ♂. 121. Tetragoneura concurrens Edwards, paratype ♂. 122. Tetragoneura dentata Freeman, holotype ♂. 123. Tetragoneura flavicauda Edwards, holotype ♂.

FIGURES 124–133. Mycetophilidae habitus. 124. Tetragoneura flavicincta Freeman, holotype ♂. 125. Tetragoneura galea Freeman, paratype ♂. 126. Tetragoneura nigripalpis Freeman, holotype ♂. 127. Tetragoneura nocticolor Edwards, holotype ♂. 128. Tetragoneura pectinata Freeman, holotype ♂. 129. Tetragoneura pollux Freeman, holotype ♂. 130. Tetragoneura riveti (Edwards), paratype ♂. 131. Tetragoneura simillima Freeman, holotype ♂. 132. Tetragoneura simplex Edwards, lectoype ♂. 133. Tetragoneura simplicipes Freeman, holotype ♂.

FIGURES 134–142. Mycetophilidae habitus. 134. Tetragoneura simplicistila Freeman, holotype ♂. 135. Tetragoneura sinuata Freeman, holotype ♂. 136. Tetragoneura spinata Freeman, holotype ♂. 137. Tetragoneura tibialis Freeman, holotype ♂. 138. Tetragoneura vogeli Edwards, holotype ♂. 139. Thoracotropis cypriformis Freeman, holotype ♂ (Oliveira et al. 2012). 140. Echinopodium curvispina Freeman, holotype ♂. 141. Echinopodium digitalis Freeman, holotype ♂. 142. Echinopodium flagellatum Freeman, holotype ♂.