Macrostomus ferrugineus (Fabricius, 1805)

Rafael, José Albertino & Cumming, Jeffrey M., 2009, Revision of the genus Macrostomus Wiedemann (Diptera: Empididae: Empidinae). I. The ferrugineus species-group, Zootaxa 2064 (1), pp. 39-56 : 40-41

Key to species of the M. ferrugineus species-group

1. Thorax entirely black .................................................................................................................................................. 8

– Thorax predominantly yellow ..................................................................................................................................... 2

2. Abdomen entirely black; one pair of scutellar setae; male and female terminalia as in Fig. 2 ... M. fusciventris , n. sp.

– Abdomen yellow or yellowish red; usually two pairs of scutellar setae ...................................................................... 3

3. Postcranium yellow ventrally ...................................................................................................................................... 4

– Postcranium entirely black .......................................................................................................................................... 5

4. First hind tarsomere with two slender setae dorsally; male and female wings elongated ( Figs. 4a,f ); female wing entirely brown infuscated, sinuose along anal margin ( Fig. 4f ); male terminalia with elongate distally bifid anterior cercus and posterior cercus with simple incurved protuberance ( Figs. 4c,d ); female hind tibia without pinnate scales ..................................................................................................................................................... M. longipennis , n. sp.

– First hind tarsomere with seven slender setae dorsally; male wing not so elongated, almost entirely hyaline; male terminalia as in figures 20–22 of Rafael & Cumming (2006), with anterior cercus stouter and posterior cercus without incurved protuberance; female unknown .............................................................. M. occidentalis Rafael & Cumming

5. Postcranium shining black with no pruinescence on upper third ................................................................................ 6

– Postcranium black but entirely gray pruinose............................................................................................................... 7

6. Male tergite 8 acute distally ( Rafael & Cumming 2004, fig. 5); male frons very narrow, about one third anterior ocellus width; supra-alar presutural setae absent; first hind tarsomere with 1–3 slender setae; female hind tibia without pinnate scales ................................................................................................................ M. ferrugineus (Fabricius)

– Male tergite 8 with distal protuberance truncated ( Rafael 2001, fig. 3); male frons wider, about one half to three quarters anterior ocellus width; one pair of supra-alar presutural setae present; first hind tarsomere with 4–5 slender setae; female hind tibia with pinnate scales on dorsal and ventral surfaces ( Rafael 2001, fig. 4).................................. ................................................................................................................................................. M. fulvithorax (Curran)

7. Male tergite 8 forked distally ( Fig. 5b ); female hind tibia with pinnate scales on dorsal surface as well as basal third ventrally ............................................................................................................................................ M. furcatus , n. sp.

– Male tergite 8 with apex truncated, not forked ( Fig. 6b ); female hind tibia with pinnate scales only on dorsal surface ( Fig. 6f ) ................................................................................................................................................ M. flavus , n. sp.

8. CuA 1 vein shorter than dm-cu vein ( Fig. 1a ); hypandrium with distal protuberance rounded and relatively wide ( Fig. 1e ) ................................................................................................................................................ M. fuscithorax , n. sp.

– CuA 1 vein longer than dm-cu vein ( Fig. 3a ); hypandrium with distal protuberance acute ( Fig. 3d ) ............................. ................................................................................................................................................ M. melanothorax , n. sp.

Species belonging to the M. ferrugineus species-group fall into two distinct subgroups based on the distal shape of tergite 8 in the male. The first four species have tergite 8 acute distally.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Macrostomus fuscithorax, n. sp., paratypes. A–E, male; A, wing apex; B, tergite 8, dorsal view with right setae omitted; C, epandrium and cercus, lateral view; D, detail of posterior cercus; E, hypandrium and phallus, lateral view. F–H: female. F, Tergite and sternite 8, lateral view; G, sternite 8, ventral view; H, genital fork, ventral view. Abbreviations: DP, distal protuberance; SP, subapical process. Scales: A = 0.5 mm; B–G = 0.2 mm; H = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 2. Macrostomus fusciventris, n. sp., paratypes from Acre. A–E, male; A, wing; B, tergite 8, dorsal view with right setae omitted; C, terminalia, lateral view; D, detail of posterior cercus; E, hypandrium and phallus, lateral view. F, female wing. Abbreviations: AC, anterior cercus; EP, epandrium; PC, posterior cercus; T8, tergite 8; ST8, sternite 8. Scales: A = 0.5 mm; B,C,E–G = 0.2 mm; D,H = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 3. Macrostomus melanothorax, n. sp., holotype, male. A, wing; B, tergite 8, dorsal view with right setae omitted; C, dorsal part of epandrium and cercus, lateral view; D, hypandrium, lateral view. E, detail of the subapical process. Scales: B–D = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 4. Macrostomus longipennis, n. sp., paratypes. A–E, male; A, wing; B, tergite 8, dorsal view with right setae omitted; C, terminalia, lateral view; D, detail of posterior cercus; E, hypandrium and phallus, lateral view. F–I, female; F, wing; G, tergite and sternite 8, lateral view; H, tergite 8, dorsal view; I, genital fork. Scales: B,C,E,G,H = 0.2 mm; D,I = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 5. Macrostomus furcatus, n. sp., paratypes from Amazonas. A–F, male; A, wing; B, tergite 8, dorsal view with right setae omitted; C, terminalia, lateral view; D, detail of posterior cercus; E, detail of posterior cercus in alternate view; F, hypandrium and phallus, lateral view. G–I, female; G, wing; H, tergite and sternite 8, lateral view; I, sternite 8, ventral view; J, genital fork, ventral view. Scales: B–C,H–I = 0.2 mm; D,E,J = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 6. Macrostomus flavus, n. sp., paratypes from Roraima. A–E, male; A, wing; B, tergite 8, dorsal view with right setae omitted; C, terminalia, lateral view; D, detail of posterior cercus; E, hypandrium and phallus, lateral view. F–L, female; F, hindleg, posterior view; G, wing; H, distal abdominal tergites, dorsal view with right setae omitted; I, distal abdominal segments, lateral view; J, distal abdominal sternites, ventral view with left setae omitted; K–L, genital fork in lateral and ventral view; M, spermathecae. Scales: F = 0.5 mm; B–C,E,H–J = 0.2 mm; K–M = 0.1 mm.