Acanthoceto pichi, Ramirez, 1997: 181

RAMÍREZ, MARTÍN J., 2003, The Spider Subfamily Amaurobioidinae (Araneae, Anyphaenidae): A Phylogenetic Revision At The Generic Level, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2003 (277), pp. 1-262 : 74-78

A. pichi Ramírez, 1997: 181 .

DESCRIPTION AND DIAGNOSIS: See Ramírez (1997). Additional data are provided below.

FEMALE: Spines: leg I, femur d 1–1–1, p 2ap; tibia v 2–2­ p1 or 2–2–2, p 0 or 0–1; metatarsus v 2–0. II, femur d 1–1–1, p d1ap; tibia v r1–2­ p1, r1–2–2 or 2–2–2, p d1–1; metatarsus v 2–0, p 1. III, femur d 1–1–1, p and r d1ap; patella r d1; tibia v p1­ p1–2, p and r d1–1, d r1bas; metatarsus v 2–0–2, p d1–1–1 or 0–1–1, r d1–1–1, d p1–2. IV, femur d 1–1–1, r d1ap; patella r d1; tibia = III; metatarsus v 2–0–2 or 2­ p1–2, p and r d1–1–1, d p1–2.

MALE: Spines as in female but: III, tibia v p1–2–2; metatarsus v 2–0–2 or 2­ p1–2. IV,

TABLE 11 Synapomorphies of Acanthoceto and Internal Clades tibia v p1­ p1–2 or 2–2–2. Palp: tibia short, width/length 0.89, RTA sharp, short, sinuous. Cymbial conductor wide. Tegulum small, restricted to bulb base. Embolus long, basal process well developed into translucent blade. Median apophysis apical, hyaline, not articulated, with flattened, blunt tip. Paramedian apophysis heavily sclerotized, with conical cusp (but see note below). Median and paramedian apophyses arising from wide, heavily sclerotized sclerite. Primary conductor with basal portion translucent, elongate, with canal where embolus fits; apical portion conspicuous, sclerotized, with long canal, arising from median part of basal portion. Membranous areas that should separate primary conductor, median and paramedian apophysis, all quite sclerotized. Short, pointed cusp arises from basal part of sperm duct, close to apex of embolar process, may be relict of secondary conductor (fig. 33B).

NOTE: Several males, including some examined in Ramírez (1997), have two cusps on PMA, instead of one. They probably belong to a separate species, but I have not yet associated this with corresponding variability in females. As both forms share all the autapomorphies of A. pichi , I leave this problem unresolved (and scored the species as being polymorphic for character 68).

NEW RECORDS: ARGENTINA: Neuquén: Lanín Natl. Park: Lago Lolog, 4 km N San Martín de los Andes, FIT, Nothofagus forest, ca. 950 m, Gentili property, 25.XI– 1.XII.1989, S.A. Marshall, 1♀ ( AMNH) ; 8 km N San Martín de los Andes, 1000 m, Malaise trap, 16–22.XI.1997, C. and M. Vardy, 13 ( BMNH / MACN­Ar). Río Negro: El Bolsón , 28.X.1961, A. Kóvacs, 1 3 ( AMNH). CHILE: Región VIII (Biobío): Ñuble : Las Trancas , E Chillán, 29 – 30.XI.1990, L. Peña, 13 1♀ ( AMNH), 1200 m, 24–27.XI.1994, L. Peña, 1♀ ( AMNH). Región IX (Araucanía): Malleco: Cordillera Nahuelbuta, 18–20.XII.1993, L. Peña, 1♀ ( AMNH). Región X (Los Lagos): Osorno: Puyehue Natl. Park : Aguas Calientes, 480 m, 40°44̍S, 72°18̍W, 21.XI.1993, N. Platnick, K. Catley, M. Ramírez, T. Allen , 1♀ ( AMNH) ; Los Derrumbes road, Aguas Calientes , 480 m, 40°44̍S, 72°18̍W, N. Platnick, K. Catley, M. Ramírez, T. Allen , 1♀ ( AMNH). Chiloe´: Isla de Chiloe´: Butalcura, 21.II.1997, T. Cekalovic, 2♀ ( AMNH), Coico, 8.II.1994, T. Cekalovic, 2♀ ( AMNH), Piroquina, 16.II.1995, T. Cekalovic, 1♀ ( AMNH), intersection road to Piroquina, 22.II.1991, T. Cekalovic, 1♀ ( AMNH), Puente Trainel, 9.II.1993, T. Cekalovic, 1♀ ( AMNH), no date, Skottsberg, 1♀ ( NRS) .

ACANTHOCETO CINEREA GROUP

DESCRIPTION AND DIAGNOSIS: See Ramírez (1997). Additional data are provided below.

MALE: Palp: tibia long, width/length about 0.45, RTA sharp, short, very thin, cymbium relatively small. Tegulum small, restricted to base of bulb. Embolus with basal process flattened, translucent (fig. 33C). Paramedian apophysis conical, heavily sclerotized. Median apophysis small, apical, hook­shaped, with rounded, weakly sclerotized flat extension close to its base (fig. 32A). Primary conductor with weakly sclerotized basal portion; apical portion long, thin, with long, relatively wide canal, arising from median part of basal portion (canal, restricted to apical portion, was overlooked in Ramírez, 1997). Secondary conductor wide, fused to anterior dorsal margin of tegulum.

DISTRIBUTION: Southern forests of Chile and Argentina.

COMPOSITION: Three very similar species listed below. They have almost identical genitalia, but can be distinguished by the spines on the anterior legs and by the cheliceral teeth.

Acanthoceto cinerea (Tullgren)

Figures 32A , 33C

Gayenna cinerea Tullgren, 1901: 244 .

A. cinereus : Ramírez, 1997: 153.

A. cinerea : Platnick , 1997: 684 (emendation of A.

cinereus).

DESCRIPTION AND DIAGNOSIS: See Ramírez (1997). Additional data are provided below.

Spines, male and female (those on femora weak in some specimens): leg I, femur d 1– 1–1, p (1­ d1)ap; tibia v 2–2–0; metatarsus v 2bas. II, femur d 1–1–1, p 0–1­ (1­ d1), 0­ d1­ d1 or d1ap; tibia v 2–2–0, p 0–1; metatarsus v 2bas, p 1–0. III, femur d 1–1–1, p and r 0­ d1­ d1; tibia v 2–2–2, p 1­ d1­ 1­ 0, r d1–1; metatarsus v 2–2–1(slightly p) and an apical group of thick setae, p and r d1–1–1, d 0­ (p1­ r1)­ 2 or 0­ p1–2. IV, femur d 1–1–1, p 0­ d1­ d1, r d1ap; tibia v 2–2–2, p and r 1­ d1­ 1­ 0; metatarsus = III.

NEW RECORDS: CHILE: ARGENTINA: Tierra del Fuego: road to Glaciar Le Martial, XII.1989, A. González, 13 2♀ 2 immatures (MLP). Región X (Los Lagos): Osorno: 500 m, 26.I.1969, L. Peña, 1♀ (MCZ). Chiloe´: Isla de Chiloe´: Lago Huillinco, 9.II.1981, T. Cekalovic, 6 immatures (AMNH), Vilupulli, TC­99, 7.II.1981, or Piroquina, TC­101, 10.II.1981, T. Cekalovic, 1♀ (AMNH). Specimen misidentified as A. marina by Ramírez (1997): CHILE: Región VIII: Concepción: Hualqui, 18.XII.1988, R. Vergara, 1♀ (AMNH).

Acanthoceto ladormida Ramírez A. ladormida Ramírez, 1997: 185 .

NEW RECORDS: CHILE: Región IV (Coquimbo): Elqui: 9 km S Cruz Grande, beach, 5 m, 11.XI.1993, 29°29̍S, 71°19̍W, N. Platnick, K. Catley, M. Ramírez, T. Allen , 1 immature (AMNH).

NOTE: The apparently disjunct distribution in the central littoral and Cuesta La Dormida is similar to that of Gayennoides molles .

Acanthoceto marina Ramírez

Figure 31B

A. marinus Ramírez, 1997: 184 (incorrect gender, here emended).

DESCRIPTION AND DIAGNOSIS: See Ramírez (1997). Additional data are provided below.

Spines, male and female (those on femora weak in some specimens): leg I, femur d 1– 1–1, p (1­ d1)ap; tibia v 2–2–0; metatarsus v 2–2–0. II, femur d 1–1–1, p (1­ d1)ap or d1ap; tibia v 2–2–0, p 0–1; metatarsus v 2– 2–0, p 1–0. III, femur d 1–1–1, p and r d1ap; patella r d1 or 0; tibia v p1–2–2 or p1­ p1–2, p 1­ d1­ 1­ 0, r d1–1, d r1bas; metatarsus v 2– 2–1(slightly p) and an apical group of thick setae, p and r d1–1–1, d 0­ (p1­ r1)­ 2 or 0­ p1– 2. IV = III; patella r d1; tibia v 2–2–2 or p1–2–2, p and r 1­ d1­ 1­ 0, d r1bas; metatarsus = III.

NEW RECORDS: CHILE: Región VIII (Biobío): Concepción: Lirquen, 5.VII.1992, T. Cekalovic, 43 1♀ 4 immatures (AMNH).

ACANTHOCETO ACUPICTA GROUP

DESCRIPTION AND DIAGNOSIS: See Ramírez (1997). Additional data are provided below.

MALE: Palp: tibia long, width/length 0.35– 0.60, RTA extremely thin, oblique. Cymbium relatively small. Tegulum small, restricted to basal part of bulb. Embolus with basal process weakly sclerotized, thick, concave, inflated on artificial expansion (fig. 33E). Paramedian apophysis forming concave sclerotized plate, with arch of several conical cusps in variable number, up to seven, most ventral on primary conductor. Median apophysis small. Primary conductor with basal portion massive, with conspicuous canal; apical portion (‘‘secondary conductor’’ in Ramírez [1997]) small, without canal, contiguous to median apophysis (figs. 32B, 33D). Sperm duct lacking loop on anterior dorsal margin (wrongly interpreted as present in Ramírez, 1997; apical part of bulb extremely modified).

DISTRIBUTION: South America.

COMPOSITION: Two species listed below, and Acanthoceto septentrionalis (Berland) . They have mostly identical genitalia, but can be distinguished by the spines on the anterior legs and by the cheliceral teeth.

Acanthoceto acupicta (Nicolet) Figures 31A , 32B , 33D, E

Clubiona acupicta Nicolet, 1849: 420 (female holotype from Chile, San Carlos , in MHNP 4223, not reexamined; probably from Ñuble province , San Carlos, 25 km NE Chillán).

A. acupictus : Ramírez, 1997: 186 (incorrect gen­ der, here emended).

DESCRIPTION AND DIAGNOSIS: See Ramírez

(1997). Additional data are provided below. Spines: female: leg I, femur d 1–1–1, p

2ap; tibia v 0­ p1­ p1, 0–2­ p1 or 0­ p1–2 (rarely 0–2–2), short; metatarsus v 2bas. II, femur d 1–1–1, p and r d1ap or r 0; tibia v p1ap, 2ap or 0­ r1–2; metatarsus v 2bas, p 1–0. III, femur d 1–1–1, p and r d1ap; tibia v 0­ p1– 2, r 0–1 or d1–1; metatarsus v 2–0–2, p 0– 1–1 or 1ap, r 0–1–1, d 2ap. IV, femur d 1– 1–1, r d1ap; tibia v p1­ p1–2, r d1–1; metatarsus v 2­ p1–2 or 2–2–2, p 0–1–1, r d1–1– 1, d 2ap. Male: spines as in female, except: I, femur p d1ap.

NEW RECORDS: ARGENTINA: Entre Ríos: Arroyo Brazo Largo , V.1939, Castillo, 1 immature ( MACN­Ar) ; Rosario (?), illegible, 13 ( ZMK). Buenos Aires: San Pedro , 2.XI.1991, M. Ramírez, 13 ( MACN­Ar) .

TABLE 12 Autapomorphies of Ferrieria echinata

CHILE: Región VIII (Biobío) : Concepción: Fundo El Manzano, 23.XI.1990, T. Cekalovic, 1♀ ( AMNH) ; 7.XII.1996, T. Cekalovic, 13 ( AMNH) .

Figures

Fig. 32. Acanthoceto spp., male copulatory bulb, detail apical, ventral view. A. A. cinerea (Tullgren). B. A. acupicta (Nicolet). (C1 = primary conductor, * = apical portion of C1 contiguous to MA; C2 = secondary conductor; E = embolus; MA = median apophysis; PMA = paramedian apophysis.)

Fig. 33. Expanded male copulatory bulbs of Ferrieria echinata Tullgren and Acanthoceto spp. A. F. echinata (Osorno, Puyehue, 13–17.XII.1998). B. A. pichi Ramírez (Neuquén, Laguna Pire´). C. A. cinerea (Tullgren) (Chubut, Bahía Rosales). D. A. acupicta (Nicolet), retrolateral view (Buenos Aires, Capital, IX.1990). E. Same, prolateral view. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (BH = basal hematodocha; C1 = primary conductor; C1* = apical portion of C1 contiguous to MA; C2 = secondary conductor; DH = distal hematodocha; E = embolus; MA = median apophysis; MH = median hematodocha; PBE = process on base of embolus; PMA = paramedian apophysis; T = tegulum.)

Fig. 31. A. Acanthoceto acupicta (Nicolet), couple in copula (Buenos Aires, Hudson, photo MJR 247). B. Acanthoceto marina Ramírez, female with recently emerged spiderlings (Chiloe´, Chepu, photo MJR 484).