Sanogasta tenuis, RAMÍREZ, 2003

RAMÍREZ, MARTÍN J., 2003, The Spider Subfamily Amaurobioidinae (Araneae, Anyphaenidae): A Phylogenetic Revision At The Generic Level, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2003 (277), pp. 1-262 : 170-175

Sanogasta tenuis , new species Figures 76F , 88

TYPES: Female holotype and male paratype from Argentina, Buenos Aires province, Río Luján, estación Ferrocarril General Mitre, grassland, ca. 34°17̍S, 58°54̍W, photos MJR 1242–1254, 5.X.1993, M. Ramírez and A. Pérez, deposited in MACN­Ar 9816.

ETYMOLOGY: The specific name refers to the slender body.

DIAGNOSIS: Resembles S. puma in having an elongate body without pattern (fig. 88A, B), but can be distinguished by having small, spherical spermathecae and a relatively small secondary conductor.

FEMALE (holotype): Total length 4.12. Carapace without thoracic groove, flattened, elongate, length 1.37, width 0.80, wider on legs II–III. AME larger than ALE , with ocular cones visible through cuticle, black. Length of tibia/metatarsus: I, 0.78/0.55; II, 0.53/0.38; III, 0.33/0.32; IV, 0.95/0.60. Palpal tarsus length 0.32. Chelicerae unmodified, with two teeth on retromargin. Sternum length 0.95, width 0.52. Spines (all tibiae with d r1–0–1 bristles): leg I, femur d 1–1– 1, p 2ap, r d1ap; tibia v 2–2–2; metatarsus v 2bas (0­ 2­ 0­ 0). II, femur d 1–1–1, p d1ap, r 0­ d1­ d1; tibia v r1­ r1–2; metatarsus = I. III, femur d 1–1–1, p and r 0­ d1­ d1; tibia v p1­ p1–2, p v1­ v1 + 0–1–0 bristle, r d1, d r1– 0–1 bristles; metatarsus v 2–0–1, p 0–1, r 0­ d1–1, d r1ap. IV, femur d 1–1–1, p and r d1ap; tibia v p1–2–2, p v1­ v1–0 bristles + 0–1–0 bristle, r 0­ d1–1 bristles, d r1–0–1 bristles; metatarsus v 2–0–1, p d1–1, r 0­ d1­ 0­ d1 bristles, d 0­ p1­ 0­ 2 bristles. Prolateral spines on tibiae III and IV ventrally displaced. Abdomen length 2.70, width 1.27, spiracle–epigastrium 1.08, spiracle–spinnerets 0.83. Color: uniforma pale grayish brown. Epigyne (fig. 88C–E): anterior pouch small, close to epigastric furrow, with transverse elevation limiting depressed area anterior of pouch. Insertions of epigastric muscles superficial. Copulatory ducts arising contiguously. Ducts of accessory bulbs very short, ventral.

MALE (paratype): Total length 2.90. Carapace without thoracic groove, length 1.22, width 0.72. AME projecting above clypeus. Length of tibia/metatarsus: I, 0.85/0.63; II, 0.53/0.42; III, 0.33/0.32; IV, 0.82/0.57. Chelicerae narrow, vertical. Sternum length 0.82, width 0.45. Spines as in female, except: leg I, tibia p 1­ d1­ 1­ 0, r 1­ 0­ v1­ 0; metatarsus p d1. II, tibia p 1­ d1­ 1­ 0; metatarsus p d1. III, tibia, r 0­ d1­ 1­ 0; metatarsus p and r 0­ d1­ 0­ 1. IV, metatarsus p and r d1–1, d r1–0­ r1. Abdomen length 1.62, width 0.60, spiracle– epigastrium 0.70, spiracle–spinnerets 0.93. Color as in female. Palp (fig. 88F, G): tibia short, width/length 1.20, cymbium relatively large. Embolus thin, basal process small, triangular. Median apophysis very thin, closely associated with paramedian. Apex of paramedian apophysis short, sinuous. Secondary conductor not fused to anterior margin of tegulum; canal well defined, arising slightly distal to base of paramedian apophysis; retrolateral portion with rounded basal projection, external margin forming elevated, thin ridge. Anterior margin of tegulum pronounced, compressed over base of secondary conductor.

NATURAL HISTORY: This species lives in the bases of grasses. The spider places its legs in a line with the body on grass leaves, and is extremely cryptic.

DISTRIBUTION: Collected in São Paulo, Buenos Aires, and Córdoba, probably widely distributed through grasslands in central and northeastern Argentina, southeastern Brazil, and Uruguay.

OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: BRASIL: São Paulo: Botucatu, Usina São Manoel , 11.II.1987, I. Rinaldi and L. Forti, 1♀ ( UNESP) . ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires: Same data as types, 5♀ 3 immatures, 30.X.1990, M. Ramírez, 1♀ 4 immatures ( MACN­Ar), 14.IX.1991, M. Ramírez, 1 immature ( MACN­Ar) ; no specific locality, J.B. Daguerre, 1♀ ( MACN­Ar 31344 ) . Córdoba: Pampa de Achala , 15 km W El Cóndor, 31.VII.1999, M. Ramírez and L. Lopardo, 1♀ ( MACN­Ar) .

Sanogasta approximata (Tullgren) ,

new combination

Figures 89–91

Gayenna approximata Tullgren, 1901: 233 , 259 (two females syntypes from Tierra del Fuego, Tweedie, Sierra del Toro, 19.III.1899, E. Nordenskjöld, and Río Azopardo, 1.III.1896, O. Nordenskjöld, in NRS, examined).

Tomopisthes kraepelini Simon, 1902: 31 (female holotype from Chile, Punta Arenas, in MHNP 20723, examined). NEW SYNONYMY.

Gayenna kraepelini : Merian, 1913: 13.

SYNONYMY: The types of the species synonymized were examined, together with specimens from the same area; no relevant differences were found.

DIAGNOSIS: Distinguished from other Sanogasta by having two pairs of ventral spines on metatarsi II, a conspicuous embolar process, and triangular sclerotized areas at the epigastric muscle insertions, flanking the epigyne.

FEMALE (lectotype, measurements of specimen from Los Glaciares Natl. Park): Total length 11.50. Carapace length 5.45, width 4.00, wider on legs II–III. Length of tibia/ metatarsus: I, 3.72/3.72; II, 3.59/3.72; III, 3.00/4.00; IV, 3.86/5.72. Palpal tarsus length 1.90. Chelicerae unmodified, with two teeth on retromargin. Sternum length 3.13, width 2.17. Spines: leg I, femur d 1–1–1, p 0­ d1– 2, r 0­ d1­ d1; tibia v 2–2–2 or 2–2­ p1; metatarsus v 2–2–0. II, femur = I; tibia v 2–2­ p1 or 2–2–2 (the r1ap very small), p 0–1; metatarsus v 2–2–0 (the x­r1­ x more apical). III, femur d 1–1–1, p and r 0­ d1­ d1; patella r d1; tibia v 2–2–2, p and r v1­ d1­ 1­ 0, d r1­ 0­ 1­ 0; metatarsus v 2–2–2, p and r d1­ 1­ 0­ 1, d 0­ p1–2. IV, femur d 1–1–1, p 0­ d1­ d1, r d1ap; patella r d1; tibia and metatarsus = III. Abdomen length 6.38, width 3.19, spiracle–epigastrium 2.70, spiracle–spinnerets 1.60. Col­ or: grayish, with darker pattern (fig. 89), sternum grayish, slightly darker at margins. Venter pale. Epigyne (figs. 90, 91D, E): anterior pouch close to epigastric furrow. Insertions of epigastric muscles very deep, associated with triangular sclerotized areas. Median field with pair of shallow depressions on epigastric furrow. Copulatory ducts short, thick. Ducts of accessory bulbs very short, oriented forward.

MALE (Los Glaciares Natl. Park): Total length 10.00. Carapace length 4.80, width 3.72. Length of tibia/metatarsus: I, 4.39/4.79; II, 4.12/4.39; III, 3.23/4.26; IV, 4.12/6.25. Chelicerae slightly smaller than those of female. Sternum length 2.67, width 1.93. Spines as in female, except: leg I, tibia v 2– 2–2, p and r 1­ d1­ 1­ 0; metatarsus v 2–2–0 (both r advanced), p and r 1. II, femur = I; tibia = I; metatarsus p d1–1–0, r 1. IV, femur = III. Abdomen length 5.30, width 2.50, spiracle–epigastrium 2.10, spiracle–spinnerets 1.30. Color as in female. Sternum and coxae clothed with short hairs, some of them thick­ er. Palp (fig. 91A–C): tibia short, width/ length 0.70, cymbium relatively large. Tegular notch short (fig. 91A). Embolus short, not associated with canal on conductor, basal process conspicuous, heavily sclerotized. Median apophysis short, hook­shaped. Apex of paramedian apophysis short. Secondary conductor partially fused to anterior margin of tegulum, wide, thin; canal vestigial, ending in low peak; prolateral portion with flattened, rounded projection pointing distally; retrolateral portion concave, with elevated ridge at external margin, small basal internal projection. Anterior margin of tegulum compressed over base of secondary conductor.

VARIABILITY: The median ventral spines on metatarsus II (x­2­ x) arise gradually in immatures, being absent in younger instars. Most females have metatarsus I, v 2bas, some v 2­ p1–0, occasionally v 2–2–0 (as in lectotype). Some penultimate males also have v 2–2–0 on metatarsus I.

NATURAL HISTORY: This species builds retreats under stones at shores of lakes or streams, often sharing a stone with conspecifics, or with Acanthoceto cinerea group species.

DISTRIBUTION: Forests in southern Argentina (from Neuquén province) and Chile (from Malleco province) to Tierra del Fuego. One isolated record from Santiago (CAS).

OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: ARGENTINA: Neuquén: San Martín de los Andes , 3– 6.I.1964, no collector, 2♀ ( MACN­Ar) ; Nahuel Huapi Natl. Park : Lago Nahuel Huapi, Península Quetrihue´, II.1986, M. Ramírez, 2♀ ( MACN­Ar), ‘‘arrayan’’ forest, beach of stones, 24.II.1996, M. Ramírez, 1 3 2♀ ( MACN­Ar) ; Lago Nahuel Huapi, lado este, I.1989, M. Ramírez and E. Maury, 2♀ 3 immatures ( MACN­Ar, photos MJR 50–51). Río Negro: San Carlos de Bariloche , II.1954, M.E. Galiano, 8♀ 5 immatures ( MACN­Ar 5412 ), III.1947, A. Giai, 13 4 immatures ( MACN­Ar 2225 ), 13 3 immatures ( MACN­Ar 2219 ), 1♀ ( MACN­Ar 2221 ) ; El Bolsón , 71 °35̍S, 41°59̍W, 2.III.1964, A. Kóvacs, 1♀ ( AMNH) ; Los Repollos , 5.III.1962, A. Kovács, 1♀ ( AMNH) ; Río Azul, V.1962, A. Kovács, 4♀ ( AMNH). Chubut: Esquel, road to La Hoya , 42°54̍S, 71°19̍W, 16.XI.1988, V.D. Roth, 8♀ ( CAS) ; Los Alerces Natl. Park: Lago Futalaufquen , I.1990, M.J. Ramírez, 9♀ ( MACN­Ar) ; II.1986, M. Ramírez, 13 4♀ 1 immature ( MACN­Ar), 18.I.1977, E. Maury, B. Detricet, 1♀ ( MACN­Ar) ; Lago Futalaufquen, Bahía Rosales , 7.II.1986, M. Ramírez, 7♀

13 1 immature (MACN­Ar); Lago Verde, II.1985, M. Ramírez, 13 1♀ 6 immatures (MACN­Ar). Santa Cruz: Lago Frías, no date, E. Maury, 1♀ 2 immatures (MACNAr); Los Glaciares Natl. Park, II.1977, no collector, 13 1♀ (MACN­Ar), 18.I.1980, P. Goloboff, 13 3♀ (MACN­Ar); Valle Eléctrico, 10–15.II.1949, N.S. Gianollina, 13 (MACN­Ar 2691). CHILE: Región Metropolitana (Santiago): Santiago: Cañón del Maipo, 28.XII.1966, L. Campos, 23 (CAS). Región IX (Araucanía): Malleco: Tolhuaca, 15.II.1992, M. Ramírez, N. Platnick, P. Goloboff , 2♀ (AMNH). Región X (Los Lagos): Osorno: E Entre Lagos, orilla del Lago Puyehue, 150 m, 24.XI.1981, N. Platnick and

T. Schuh, 23 ( AMNH) ; Puyehue Natl. Park : Los Derrumbes , 18.I.1989, M. Ramírez, 2♀ ( MACN­Ar) ; Aguas Calientes , 13– 17.XII.1998, M. Ramírez, L. Compagnucci, C. Grismado, L. Lopardo, 13 1♀ (MACNAr). Chiloe´: Isla de Chiloe´: no date, Skottsberg, 1♀ ( NRS) ; Lago Huillinco , 9.II.1981, T. Cekalovic, 1♀ 28 immatures ( AMNH). Región XI (Ibáñez del Campo): Aisén: Balmaceda (‘‘ Río Negro’ ’, lapsus?), 27.I.1957, M. Cadoceo, 12♀ 23 1 immature ( MACN­Ar), 28.III.1957, M. Cadoceo, 4♀ 28 immatures ( MACN­Ar) ; Murta , Lago General Carrera, 29.30. I.1990, L. Peña, 1♀ ( AMNH) ; Puerto Aisén , II.1957, M. Cadoceo, 14♀ 63 1 immature ( MACN­Ar). Región XII (Magallanes y Antártica): Magallanes: Magallanes, III.1959, no collector, 2♀ ( MACN­Ar), no date, T. Cekalovic, 6♀ ( UC) ; 30 km Natales, road to Magallanes , 21.III.1948, M. Birabén, 2♀ ( MLP) ; Península Brunswick , Tres Brazos, 28.II.1971, T. Cekalovic, 9♀ 2 immatures ( AMNH) ; Punta Arenas , 17.IX.1963, 3♀, 18.IX.1963, 1♀, T. Cekalovic ( AMNH), Río Rubens, ca. 52°S, 30.XI–3.XII.1962, P. Darlington, 1♀ ( MCZ) .

Figures

Fig. 76. Sanogasta spp. A. S. maculatipes (Keyserling), male (Buenos Aires, Hudson, photo MJR 263). B–D, Sanogasta maculosa (Nicolet). B. Female (Choapa, Pichidangui, photo MJR 1256). C. Female (Talca, Vilches, photo MJR 770). D. Male (Talca, Vilches, photo MJR 7). E. Sanogasta puma, sp. n., female (Entre Ríos, Rosario del Tala, photo MJR 62). F. Sanogasta tenuis, sp. n., female holotype (photo MJR 1246).

Fig. 88. Sanogasta tenuis, n. sp., holotype and paratype. A. Female, dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Epigyne, ventral view. D. Same, cleared. E. Same, dorsal. F. Copulatory bulb, ventral view. G. Same, retrolateral view. Scale bars = A, B, 0.5 mm; C–G, 0.1 mm.

Fig. 89. Sanogasta approximata (Tullgren), female (Neuquén, Nahuel Huapi, photo MJR 51).

Fig. 90. Sanogasta approximata (Tullgren), epigyne, poserior­ventral view.

Fig. 91. Sanogasta approximata (Tullgren). A. Male copulatory bulb, ventral view (Chubut, Futalaufquen). B. Same, retrolateral. C. Male palp, retrolateral view. D. Epigyne, ventral view (syntype). E. Same, cleared. Scale bars = A, B, 0.3 mm; C, 1 mm; D, E, 0.2 mm.