Tasata centralis, RAMÍREZ, 2003

RAMÍREZ, MARTÍN J., 2003, The Spider Subfamily Amaurobioidinae (Araneae, Anyphaenidae): A Phylogenetic Revision At The Generic Level, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2003 (277), pp. 1-262 : 240-249

Tasata centralis , new species Figures 133 , 134

TYPES: Male holotype from Argentina, Córdoba province, Calamuchita, ca. 31°55̍S, 64°38̍W, XII.1941, J.M. Viana, deposited in MACN­Ar 9804.

ETYMOLOGY: The specific name refers to its distribution through central Argentina.

DIAGNOSIS: Distinguished from all other Tasata by having a bifid male paramedian apophysis (fig. 133B), and by the flattened anterior projections at the sides of the epigynal anterior pouch (fig. 134C).

FEMALE (Tilcara, not type): Total length 5.20. Carapace length 1.93, width 1.45, wid­ er on legs II–III. AME 2/3 ALE . Length of tibia/metatarsus: I, 1.97/1.75; II, 1.57/1.38; III, 1.03/1.15; IV, 1.62/1.83. Palpal tarsus length 0.70. Chelicerae with five small teeth on retromargin. Sternum length 1.03, width 0.85. Spines: leg I, femur d 1–1–1, p (1­ d1)ap, r d1ap; tibia v 2–2–2, p and r d1–1; metatarsus v 2bas, p and r 1–0, d 0­ p1–2. II, femur d 1–1–1, p and r d1ap; tibia and metatarsus = I. III, femur d 1–1–1, p and r 0­ d1­ d1; patella r d1; tibia v p1–2–2, p and r d1– 1, d r1­ 0­ 1­ 0; metatarsus v 2–2–2, p and r d1–1–1, d 0­ p1–2. IV, femur = II; patella r d1; tibia and metatarsus = III. Abdomen length 3.17, width 2.27, spiracle–epigastrium 1.50, spiracle–spinnerets 0.53. Color: carapace pale grayish with dark ocular area and lateral dark stripes with some radial darker lines. Legs pale grayish with many dark dots on femora, spots on other segments. Sternum grayish with center yellow. Abdomen yellow, dorsum with tenuous median longitudinal pattern, venter yellow with some dark dots. Epigyne (fig. 134C): lateral lobes well separated, projecting anteriorly at sides of pouch; anterior pouch wide, deeply notched, median field slightly elevated at sides of the anterior pouch.

MALE (holotype): Total length 4.65. Carapace length 2.13, width 1.60. Length of tibia/metatarsus: I, 2.97/2.27; II, 1.87/1.67; III, 1.22/1.30; IV, 2.43/2.03. Chelicerae slightly longer than those of female. Sternum length 1.13, width 0.90. Spines as in female, except: leg III, tibia v 2–2–2. IV, tibia v 2–2–2. Abdomen length 2.17, width 1.27, spiracle–epigastrium 1.10, spiracle–spinnerets 0.37. Col­ or as in female, but abdomen with white guanine reticulum, dorsal pattern grayish violet, wider behind cardiac area, with very dark anterior dot. Palp (figs. 133, 134A, B): tibia width/length 0.75. Sperm duct with loop approximating anterior ventral margin of tegulum, evident spiral loop before reaching embolus. Embolus with membranous ventral area, without basal process. Median apophysis with short splinters at base. Paramedian apophysis bifid, retrolateral tip pointed, prolateral tip flattened, rounded. Primary conductor elongate, pointed. Secondary conductor totally divided by narrow membranous area (fig. 133A); prolateral portion with two projections, one median bearing canal, anoth­ er prolateral beak­shaped, arising from flattened process; canal not evident, because entire central area membranous; retrolateral portion complex, with internal concavity.

VARIABILITY: Some specimens have a dorsal abdominal dark band, wider behind cardiac area.

NATURAL HISTORY: Unknown.

DISTRIBUTION: Argentina, from Jujuy to Chubut provinces.

OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: ARGENTINA: Jujuy: Tilcara, V.1983, P. Goloboff, 1♀ ( MACN­Ar). Córdoba: Calamuchita , ‘‘ El Sauce’ ’, XII.1941, 2 immatures ( MACN­Ar) ; Huerta Grande, II.1943, collector unknown, 13 ( MACN­Ar). Buenos Aires: Carmen de Patagones , II.1937, J.M. Viana, 2♀ (MACNAr 250) ; N Lavalle, Salina Las Barrancas, 28.V.1951, B.S. Gerschman, 13 ( MACN­Ar 3295 ). La Pampa: Laguna Luro , 8.IV.1962, collector’s name illegible, 13 ( MACN­Ar 9805 ). Neuquén: ciudad de Neuquén, no date, O. de Ferrariis, 1♀ ( MACN­Ar) ; Departamento Limay, Mahuida, 20.VIII– 7.IX.1963, J.M. Gallardo, 1♀ ( MACN­Ar). Chubut: Península de Valdez , Punta Norte , 2.VIII.1972, M. Rumboll, 1♀ ( MACN­Ar) .

PHIDYLE SIMON Table 28

Phidyle Simon, 1880: 228 , 286 (type species by monotypy Sparassus punctipes Nicolet, 1849 ).

Synonymized with Oxysoma Nicolet by Simon, 1897a: 30, 92, 96, 100.

DIAGNOSIS: The single known species resembles Monapia and some Oxysoma in having a membranous area dividing the secondary conductor (fig. 135D), but it can be distinguished by having a narrow, elevated epigynal median field (fig. 135B), greatly modified secondary conductor, and by lacking the synapomorphies of those genera.

DESCRIPTION: Chelicerae with three teeth on promargin, two on retromargin, similar in male and female. Legs spinose in both sexes. Tracheal spiracle closer to spinnerets than to epigastrium. Male palpal tibia long, about two times longer than wide (fig. 137B). Sperm duct with curve approximating anterior ventral margin of tegulum, then running through tegular margin before entering embolus (fig. 137C). Embolar base with longitudinal projecting ridge, without basal process, with small ventral membranous area (fig. 135C). Apex of paramedian apophysis with retrolateral curved projection, prolateral blunt cusp. Primary conductor wide, well sclerotized. Secondary conductor totally divided by membranous area (fig. 135D), well

TABLE 28 Autapomorphies of Phidyle punctipes separated from anterior margin of tegulum by membranous area (sperm duct describing curve bordering this area); prolateral portion with canal vestigial, fused to anterior dorsal margin of tegulum; retrolateral portion complex, with several projections, one acute, with sort of longitudinal canal. Epigyne (figs. 135B, 137E–G): median field elongate, elevated, anterior pouch well defined. Copulatory openings at sides of anterior pouch. Copulatory ducts approximately parallel, close to suture between lateral lobes and median field. Ducts of accessory bulbs short.

COMPOSITION: Only the type species.

Phidyle punctipes (Nicolet)

Figures 135B–D , 136 , 137

Sparassus punctipes Nicolet, 1849: 418 (female holotype from Chile, Valdivia, in MHNP, examined).

Sparassa punctipes : Simon, 1864: 396.

Phidyle punctipes : Simon, 1880: 287.

Oxysoma punctipes (not O. p. Nicolet, 1849: 512):

Simon, 1897a: 100.

DIAGNOSIS: See generic diagnosis.

FEMALE (Fray Jorge): Total length 6.65. Carapace length 2.90, width 2.23, wider on legs II–III. Length of tibia/metatarsus: I, 3.27/2.53; II, 2.87/1.97; III, 2.00/1.87; IV, 2.53/2.73. Palpal tarsus length 0.73. Chelicerae unmodified, with two teeth on retromargin. Sternum length 1.50, width 1.17. Spines: leg I, femur d 1–1–1, p and r 0­ d1­ d1; tibia v 2–2–2, p and r d1–1, d r1­ 0­ 1­ 0; metatarsus v 2bas, p and r d1–1–1, d 0­ p1–2. II, femur d 1–1–1, p 0­ 0­ d1­ 1­ d1, r 0­ d1­ d1; tibia = I; metatarsus = I. III, femur = II; patella r d1; tibia = I; metatarsus = I, but v 2­ p1–2. IV, femur d 1–1–1, p 0­ d1­ d1, r d1ap; patella r d1; tibia =I; metatarsus = I, but v 2–2–2. Abdomen length 4.25, width 2.65, spiracle– epigastrium 1.67, spiracle–spinnerets 0.73. Color (fig. 136): pale grayish yellow, with dark small spots. Legs with small spots at bases of spines and setae, dorsal apical spot on tarsi. Sternum with small spot in front of each coxae, those of coxa IV contiguous. Abdomen with dorsal pattern of dark spots, dots, pale stripe surrounding cardiac area and dorsal pattern. Venter with small spots, two larger at sides of tracheal spiracle. Epigyne: see generic description.

MALE (Fray Jorge): Total length 5.05. Carapace length 2.17, width 1.73. Length of tibia/metatarsus: I, 3.46/2.73; II, 2.87/2.33; III, 1.87/1.80; IV, 2.40/2.53. Chelicerae similar to those of female. Sternum length 1.22, width 0.97. Spines as in female, except: legs I and II, metatarsus v 2­ r1–0. III, IV, metatarsus v 2­ (p1–2)­ 2 (normally 2–2–2). Abdomen length 2.83, width 1.83, spiracle–epigastrium 1.33, spiracle–spinnerets 0.42. Col­ or as in female. Palp: see generic description.

NATURAL HISTORY: This species builds retreats on foliage of trees or shrubs.

VARIABILITY: Many specimens with abdomen dark at all sides, pale dorsally, sometimes with four dorsal dark spots on the pale area. Some females with narrower epigynal median field and small notch on anterior pouch (compare fig. 137E and G).

DISTRIBUTION: Southern forests and chaparrals in Chile, from the relict forest in Fray Jorge to Palena and Chiloé provinces.

OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: CHILE: Región IV (Coquimbo): Limarı´: Fray Jorge Natl. Park , 579 m, valdivian forest relic, pitfalls, 3.XI.1981, N. Platnick and R. Schuh, 13 ( AMNH) ; elev. 580 m, 10.XI.1993, 30°40̍S, 71°41̍W, N. Platnick, K. Catley, M. Ramírez, T. Allen , 23 2♀, 1♀ ( AMNH, photos MJR 1306–1308), 13 1♀ ( MACN­Ar), 13 1♀ ( MHNS). Choapa: El Bato (farm in mountains), E Illapel, 10.X.1985, L. Peña, 3♀ ( AMNH) ; 22 mi N Los Vilos , 13.XII.1950, Ross and Michelbacher, 1♀ ( CAS) ; 25.IX.1971, J. Solervicens, 13 ( UC) ; N Los Vilos, 3.X.1990, L. Peña, 1♀ ( AMNH) ; Los Vilos, Cariloleu , 11.X.1994, L. Peña, 2♀ ( AMNH) ; Pichidangui , 32°08̍S, 71°32̍W, 12.VIII.1966, E. Schlinger, 1♀, 23 ( CAS). Coquimbo: Fundo Palo Colorado, Quilimarı´, 9.VIII.1971, R. Calderón, 1 ♀ ( UC). Región V (Valparaíso): Petorca: Petorca, 8.X.1986, L.E. Peña, 1♀ ( AMNH) ; Zapallar, 27.XI.1950, Ross and Michelbach­ er, 1♀, 1♀, 1♀, 1♀ ( CAS). Quillota: Cuesta El Melón, nr. La Calera , 15.XI.1985, L. Peña, 1♀ ( AMNH) ; Cuesta La Dormida , 26.IX.1995, A. Ugarte, 1♀ ( AMNH). Valparaíso: 10 mi N Concón, 16.XII.1950, Ross and Michelbacher, 1♀ ( CAS) ; central Coast (no specific locality), 31.X.1982, no collector, 33 ( AMNH) ; Cuesta El Melón , 3.XI.1981, L. Peña, 13 ( AMNH) ; Quintero , 11–12.V.1961, R. Donoso and A. Archer, 63 1♀ ( AMNH) ; pitfalls in relict forest, 12.VIII.1968, R. Calderón G., 1 3, 1♀ ( AMNH), 12.XII.1980, L. Peña, 1♀ ( AMNH) ; relict forest, 21.XII.1988, V. and B. Roth, 13 ( CAS) ; Valparaíso, 15.VIII.1961, J. Kothmann, 13 ( AMNH). San Felipe de Aconcagua : Cachagua ,

14.XII.1980, L. Peña, 23 ( AMNH). San Antonio: Quebrada de Córdoba, nr. El Tabo, 1– 4.XI.1985, L. Peña, 2♀ ( AMNH), 15– 20.II.1979, L. Peña, 13 1♀ ( AMNH). Región Metropolitana (Santiago): Santiago: Ciudad de Santiago (habitación), 16.V.1961, R. Donoso, 13 ( AMNH) ; Melipilla , La Viluma, 13–14.V.1980, L. Peña, 1 3, 1♀ ( AMNH) ; Quilicura, V.1979, L. Peña, 1♀ ( AMNH). Región VII (Maule): Curico´: El Coigo, Cordillera Curicó, 23.III.1983, L. Peña, 13 ( AMNH). Cauquenes: Agua Buena, 12.VI.1984, L. Irrazaval, 1♀ ( AMNH) ; Tregualemu, 520 m, 6–7.XI.1993, L. Peña and A. Ugarte, 1♀ ( AMNH). Región VIII (Biobío): Ñuble: Cobquecura, 8–9.XI.1993, L. Peña, 1♀ ( AMNH) ; Las Cabras, 26–

(Limarı´, Fray Jorge, photo MJR 1307).

28.XII.1986, L. Umaña, 2♀ ( AMNH) ; Los Lleuques, 5–20.XII.1985, L. Umaña, 1♀ ( AMNH). Concepción: Agua Larga , 23.III.1996, T. Cekalovic, 1♀ ( AMNH) ; road Chome­Ramuntcho , 8.XI.1996, T. Cekalovic, 5♀ ( AMNH) ; Cerro Caracol, Concepción, elev. 200 m, 36°51̍S, 73°02̍W, 17.XI.1993, N. Platnick, K. Catley, M. Ramírez, T. Allen , 1♀ ( MACN­Ar, photos MJR 1379, 1380), Escuadrón , 18.XI.1996, 1♀, 3.IV.1988, TC­205, 23, 10.IV.1988, 23 1♀, 13, 3.IX.1988, 1♀, T. Cekalovic ( AMNH) ; Estero Nonguén , 14.III.2001, T. Cekalovic, 13 ( AMNH) ; Fundo El Manzano , 8.XI.1992, T. Cekalovic, 1♀ ( AMNH) ; Hualpén , 16.V.1975, Quesada, 1♀ ( AMNH) ; 7.VI.1996, T. Cekalovic, 23 13♀ ( AMNH) ; Penco , 18.IX.1986, T. Cekalovic, 2♀ ( AMNH) ; Península Tumbes, Playa Brava , 3.X.1983, T. Cekalovic, 1♀ ( AMNH) ; Periquillo , 4.IV.1994, 13, 16.IX.1996, 1♀ penultimate, 21.XII.1996, 1♀, 10.IV.1997, 23, 22.III.1997, 13, T. Cekalovic ( AMNH) ; Laguna San Pedro , 23.XI.1994, T. Cekalovic, 2♀ ( AMNH) ; Lagunillas, 6.XI.1993, T. Cekalovic, TC­366, 1♀ ( AMNH). Arauco: Villa Melilla , Lago Lanalhue , 12.IV.1997, T. Cekalovic, 63, 1♀ ( AMNH). Biobío : Caledonia , E Mulchen, 700 m, 10–15.II.1981, L.E. Peña, 1♀ ( AMNH) ; Lenga, Teta Norte , 12.III.1979, M. Casanueva, 13 ( UC) ; Los Morongos, E Los Niches, 600 m, 17– 20.XI.1994, L. Peña, 2♀ ( AMNH) ; N Ralco / Trapa­Trapa , 21–22.XI.1994, P. Peña, 1♀ ( AMNH) ; W Ralco, Santa Bárbara , 400 m, 22–23.XI.1994, L. Peña, 2♀ ( AMNH). Región IX (Araucanía): Malleco: El Manzano (Arauco/Malleco Provs.), Cordillera Nahuelbuta, 3–5.III.1986, L. Peña, 13 ( AMNH). Cautín: 5.III.1986, L. Peña, 13 ( AMNH) ; Pucón , 15.XI–2.XII.1980, Malaise trap in peninsula, S.A. Marshall, 1 vial (number of specimens not recorded) ( AMNH) ; lakeshore, dung traps, 15.XI–XII.1989, S.A. Marshall, 1♀ ( AMNH) ; pan trap under Malaise on point, 8–13.Xi.1989, S.A. Marshall, 1♀ ( AMNH) ; Tolten (coastal town), 27.II.1979, L. Peña, 23 ( AMNH). Región X ( Los Lagos): Valdivia: Huachocopihue, 7.III.1965, H. Levi, 13 ( MCZ) ; Isla Teja , farmland, 6.III.1965, H. Levi, 13 ( MCZ) ; Santo Domingo , 19.IX.1976, E. Krahmer, 2♀ ( AMNH) ; Valdivia , 12.X.1976, E. Krahmer, 8♀ ( AMNH) ; XI–XII.1982, E. Krahmer, 3♀ ( MHNS 700 ), 1983, E. Krahmer, 23 ( MHNS 827 ). Osorno : hills S Maicolpue´, 64 km W Osorno, elev. 50 m, 19.II.1992, M. Ramírez, N. Platnick, P. Goloboff , 1♀ ( AMNH) ; Anticura , 26–31.VII, 1–5.VIII.1983, L. Peña, 6♀ ( AMNH), 19–29.X.1985, L. Peña, 1♀ ( AMNH) ; Osorno , VIII.1977, A. Tobar, 1♀ ( AMNH) ; 10 km E Puyehue , 24.I.1951, Ross and Michelbacher, 1♀ ( CAS) ; Puyehue Natl. Park, Anticura , 1.XI.1982, 1♀ ( MHNS 705 ) ; Pucatrihue , I–III.1968, L. Peña, 1♀ penultimate, 1♀ ( MCZ) ; 26–28.III.1968, L. Peña, 33, 13, 13 ( MCZ), 12.IV.1986, L. Peña, 1♀ ( MCZ). Llanquihue: Cerro Derrumbe , 14.III.1974, R. Calderón, 23 ( UC) ; Correntoso , XII.1969, L. Peña, 2♀ ( MCZ) ; N Correntoso , IV–V.1989, 13, VI–VII.1989, 13 6♀, L. Peña ( AMNH) ; N Correntoso, NE Puerto Montt , VIII. IX.1989, L. Peña, 2♀ ( AMNH) ; Chamisa , 13.XII.1968, L. Peña, 1♀ ( MCZ) ; Cerro Hornohuinco, Correntoso , XII.1968, L. Peña, 1♀ ( MCZ) ; 4 km S Los Muermos, 170 m, Nothofagus ­ Podocarpus assoc., 12.XI.1966, E. Schlinger, M. Irwin, 1♀ ( CAS) ; Vicente Pérez Rosales Natl. Park, Cayutue , road to Calbutue , 19.III.1974, 3♀ ( UC) ; Petrohue´, 29.III.1968, L. Peña, 23 ( MCZ). Chiloe´: Isla de Chiloe´: Canan , 26.II.1972, T. Cekalovic, TC­38, 1♀ ( AMNH) ; Dalcahue , 3.IV.1967, L. Peña, 103 ( MCZ), 1–4.IV.1968, L. Peña, 13 ( MCZ) ; Terao, S Chonchi, 10–20.III.1988, 13 2♀ 18–21.I.1990, 1♀, L. Peña ( AMNH). Palena: Chaitén, XII.1985, L. Peña, 9♀ ( AMNH). Locality Not Found: Cuesta las Siete Vueltas, 29.IV.1980, R. Calderón, 13 ( UC). No Locality: Coll. G. Mann F. (presumably from Chile), 50–6, 13 ( MHNS). Mistaken Locality: Santiago Prov., Malleco , XI.1979, L. Peña, 2♀, 2♀, 1♀ ( AMNH) (see Ramírez, 1995b: 83) .

MONAPIA SIMON Table 29

Monapia Simon, 1897a: 93 , 96, 97, 101 (type species by original designation Monapia atomaria Simon, 1897 ). Gerschman and Schiapelli, 1970: 131–135. Ramírez, 1995a: 366, 381, 1995b: 78. Revised by Ramírez, 1995b, 1999.

DIAGNOSIS: Resembles Oxysoma , Phidyle , Tasata , and Araiya in having spinose metatarsi of legs I and II (in both sexes, and immatures), but it can be distinguished by having a transverse epigynal anterior pouch and a median depression between the lateral lobes, which is filled by a copulatory plug in mated females. Two species with greatly modified epigyne ( Monapia lutea and Monapia huaria ) have only a vestige of the anterior pouch, with the median depression no longer recognizable (as well as most of the

TABLE 29 Synapomorphies of Monapia and Internal Clades median field), and lack copulatory plugs; they are however easily distinguished by having an ample, median copulatory opening. Three species (clade 152) with elongate body and spinose forelegs (e.g., fig. 138E) resemble some Oxysoma and Tasata .

DESCRIPTION: See Ramírez (1995b, 1999).

NOTE: The hypotheses of relationships between Monapia species remain the same as proposed in Ramírez (1995b, 1999), except for the further resolution in the placement of Monapia alupuran .

DISTRIBUTION: Southern Chile, Argentina, and Uruguay.

COMPOSITION: Thirteen species detailed below and in Ramírez (1999).

NOMEN DUBIUM: Specimens of Clubiona citrina Nicolet, 1849 (three immature syntypes badly preserved, in MHNP 4227, examined) are unrecognizable, being probably Monapia .

TYPES NOT EXAMINED: Monapia moreirae Mello Leitão, 1915 (male and female syntypes, presumably in MNRJ, not found).

Monapia vittata (Simon) Figure 138D

Figures

Fig. 133. Tasata centralis, n. sp., male copulatory bulb (Buenos Aires, Salina Las Barrancas). A. Apical view: arrow points to membranous area dividing C2. B. Retrolateral view. (C2p = prolateral portion of C2; C2r = retrolateral portion of C2; E = embolus; MA = median apophysis; PMA = paramedian apophysis.)

Fig. 134. Tasata centralis, n. sp. A. Male copulatory bulb, ventral view (La Pampa, MACN­Ar 9805). B. Same, retrolateral view. C. Cleared epigyne, ventral view (Jujuy, Tilcara). Scale bars = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 135. A. Tasata parcepunctata Simon, epigyne, ventral view (Buenos Aires, Isla Martín García). B–D. Phidyle punctipes (Nicolet) (Limarı´, Fray Jorge). B. Epigyne, ventral view. C. Male copulatory bulb, ventral­retrolateral view. D. Same, apical view: arrow points to membranous area dividing C2. Scale bars = 0.1 mm. (C2p = prolateral portion of C2; C2r = retrolateral portion of C2; E = embolus; MA = median apophysis; PMA = paramedian apophysis.)

Fig. 136. Phidyle punctipes (Nicolet), female

Fig. 137. Phidyle punctipes (Nicolet). A. Female (holotype). B. Male palp, retrolateral view (Limarı´, Fray Jorge). C. Same, copulatory bulb, ventral view. D. Same, retrolateral view. E. Epigyne, ventral view (Fray Jorge). F. Cleared epigyne, ventral view (holotype). G. Same, dorsal view. Scale bars = A, 2 mm; B, 0.4 mm; C–E, 0.2 mm; F, G, 0.1 mm.

Fig. 138. Females of Monapia spp. A. Monapia dilaticollis (Nicolet) (Ñuble, Recinto, photo MJR 37). B. M. pichinahuel Ramírez (Talca, Vilches, photo MJR 1374). C. M. fierro Ramírez (Buenos Aires, Sierra de la Ventana, photo MJR 1). D. M. vittata (Simon) (Osorno, Volcán Casablanca, photo MJR 1421). E. M. guenoana Ramírez (Entre Ríos, Gualeguay, photo MJR 305).