Trimeresurus (Parias) schultzei (Griffin, 1909)
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.5281/zenodo.11512589 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B38B5C-843D-FFAA-FFDC-FD9CFD75FA3C |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Trimeresurus (Parias) schultzei (Griffin, 1909) |
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Trimeresurus (Parias) schultzei (Griffin, 1909) View in CoL
Schultz’s Philippine Pitviper
Trimeresurus schultzei Griffin, 1909:601 View in CoL ; 1911:267.— Taylor, 1922a:292, pl. 36.— Leviton, 1964c:263.— Toriba, 1993a:105.— David & Ineich, 1999:290.— Gumprecht, Tillack, Orlov, Captain, and Ryabov, 2004:37, 9 col. photos (pp. 288–289). Trimeresurus (Parias) schultzei, Leviton, Brown, and Siler, 2014:518 View in CoL , fig. 13.
TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE SPECIMEN (S).— Palawan [Iwahig]. Holotype: PNM 315 View Materials (destroyed during WW II).
PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION (ENDEMIC) ( Map 36B [p. 147]).— Balabac, Palawan.
CONSERVATION STATUS [IUCN].— Least Concern [2016] ver. 3.1.
Tropidolaemus philippensis ( Gray, 1842) Photo figure 114 Philippine Temple Pitviper
Trimeresurus philippensis Gray, 1842:48 View in CoL .— Taylor, 1922a:295, pl. 37, fig.1.
Tropidolaemus hombronii Guichenot in Jacquinot and Guichenot [q.v.], 1853:23, pl. 2, fig. 3.
Trimeresurus wagleri, Leviton, 1964c:265 View in CoL .
Tropidolaemus wagleri, Toriba, 1993b View in CoL , 108.— David & Ineich, 1999:295 (doubtfully included in T. wagleri View in CoL ).
Tropidolaemus philippensis, Vogel, David, Lutz, van Rooijen, and Vidal, 2007:31 View in CoL View Cited Treatment , figs. 25–26.— Leviton, Brown, and Siler, 2014:518, figs. 52B, E–F.— Wallach, Williams, and Boundy, 2014:734.— Sanguila, Cobb, Siler, Diesmos Alcala, and Brown, 2016:119, fig. 80.
TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE SPECIMEN (S).— Philippines. Holotype: BMNH 1946.1 .17.67 (fide Vogel et al. [2007:31]).
PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION (ENDEMIC) ( Map 36C [p. 147]).— Dinagat, Leyte, Mindanao (Prov.: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao City, Davao del Norte, Misamis Oriental), Samar.
REMARKS.— Tropidolaemus philippensis and T. subannulatus were formerly included in the ubiquitous species T. wagleri , but the assignment was seriously questioned by David and Ineich (1999:295–296). Indeed, recent studies have demonstrated that several recognizeable species have been inappropriately parading under the nominal taxon T wagleri , T. philippensis among them, as well as populations known from southern Mindanao and the Zamboanga Peninsula. On the large and topographically diverse island of Mindanao, and on careful examination, the Zamboanga population appears to be quite distinct from populations inhabiting other parts of the island, although Vogel et al. (2007) referred it to T. philippensis . Recent unpublished studies by Brown et al. suggest otherwise, and it is likely that the taxon T. hombronii (type locality, Zamboanga) will have to be resurrected from the synonymy of T. philippensis to accommodate the Zamboanga and, possibly, the Basilan populations. Furthermore, recently documented populations of tropidolaemids found on Leyte, Dinagat, Samar, and northeast Mindanao bear strong resemblances to T. philippensis but also to T. subannulatus (see Vogel et al. [2007:30, fig. 24] from Negros; also figs. 79–80 in Sanguila et al. [2016]). We have refrained from suggesting any changes at this time because this too is said to be under study by Vogel and David (see also remarks under Trimeresurus [ Parias ] flavomaculatus and Tropidolaemus subannulatus ). For additional details, see Leviton, Brown, and Siler (2014:518 and figs. 52B, E–F).
CONSERVATION STATUS [IUCN].— The conservation status of Tropidolaemus philippensis has not been assessed for the IUCN Red List [2016] ver. 3.1, but IUCN notes that it is listed in the Catalogue of Life.
Tropidolaemus subannulatus ( Gray, 1842) Photo figures 115–119 Philippine Temple Pitviper; Northern Philippine Temple Pit Viper; Bornean Keeled Green Pit Viper
Trimesurus subannualtus Gray, 1842:48 .
Trimeresurus wagleri View in CoL (part), Taylor, 1922a:296.— Leviton, 1964c:265.— Toriba, 1993b:108.— David & Ineich, 1999:295.
Trimeresurus wagleri alboviridis Taylor, 1917:366 (type locality Isabela, Occidental Negros, Negros Id., Philippines; holotype: CM R2433) View in CoL .
Trimeresurus wagleri wagleri, Taylor, 1922c:302 View in CoL .
Tropidolaemus wagleri, Burger, 1971:2 View in CoL , 20, 41, 86 (part).— Gaulke, 1994b:141 (part); 1996:51, figs. 5–6.— McDiarmid, Campbell, and Touré, 1999:349 (part).— Gumprecht, Tillack, Orlov, Captain, and Ryabov, 2004:41–42 (part), 8 col. photos (pp. 339–340).
Tropidolaemus cf. wagleri, Ferner, Brown, Sison, and Kennedy, 2001:55 View in CoL [22], figs. 51–52.
Tropidolaemus subannulatus, Vogel, David, Lutz, van Rooijen, and Vidal, 2007:23 View in CoL View Cited Treatment , figs. 12–16.— Gaulke, 2011:340–341, figs. 234–236.— McLeod, Siler, Diesmos, Diesmos, Garcia, Arkonceo, Balaquit, Uy, Villaseran, Yarra, and Brown, 2011:190.— Brown, Siler, Oliveros, Welton, Rock, Swab, Van Weerd, van Beijnen, Jose, Rodriguez, Jose, and Diesmos, 2013:93.— Leviton, Brown, and Siler, 2014:519, figs. 5A–B, 11, 12A–C, 52A, C–D.— Sanguila, Cobb, Siler, Diesmos Alcala, and Brown, 2016:109, fig. 79.
TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE SPECIMEN (S).— Philippines. Syntypes (2): BMNH 1946.1.19.32–33 (formerly BMNH i.2.7a).
PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION ( Map 36D [p. 147]).— Balabac; Basilan, Bohol, Dinagat, Leyte, Luzon (Prov.: Albay, Bulacan, Cavite, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Isabela, Laguna, Quezon), Mindanao (Prov.: Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Lanao del Norte, Misamis Oriental, Zamboanga City), Negros (Prov.: Negros Occidental, Negros Oriental), Palawan, Panay (Prov.: Alkan, Antique), Samar, Sulu Archipelago (Jolo, Siasi, Sibutu, Tawi-Tawi), Tumindao.
GENERAL DISTRIBUTION (OTHER THAN PHILIPPINES).— Malaysia (Borneo [Sabah, Sarawak]); Indonesia (Belitung, Borneo [Kalimantan], Buton, Kalimantan, Sangihe Archipelago, Sulawesi) (see Vogel, et al. [2007:23, 31] for details).
REMARKS.— Given the variation observed among samples of this species studied by Vogel et al. (2007), they concluded, “We refrain from giving a more detailed description here, as the variation among this species or complex of species will be discussed in the next and forthcoming paper of the series. A splitting into several taxa seems to be likely.” ( Vogel et al., 2007:23). As noted by Gaulke (1994:141), these seemingly non-aggressive but dangerously venomous snakes are actually beneficial to humans because their dietary preferences include agricultural pest species, rodents, and even large rats.
CONSERVATION STATUS [IUCN].— Least Concern [2016] ver. 3.1.
General geographic distribution of snakes in the Philippine Archipelago
Azucar Basilan
Tropidonophis negrosensis Indotyphlops braminus
Babuyan Claro (Babuyan Ids.) Ramphotyphlops suluensis
Boiga philippina Malayopython reticulatus
Lycodon cf. alcalai Aplopeltura boa
Lycodon bibonius Ahaetulla prasina preocularis
Laticauda colubrina Boiga cynodon
Laticauda semifasciata Calamaria gervaisii hollandi Trimeresurus (Parias) cf. flavomaculatus Calamaria lumbricoidea
Chrysopelea paradisi variabilis
Balabac Coelognathus erythrurus erythrurus Xenopeltis unicolor Cyclocorus nuchalis nuchalis
Aplopeltura boa Dendrelaphis marenae
Ahaetulla prasina prasina Dendrelaphis philippinensis
Boiga cynodon Lycodon dumerilii
Boiga dendrophila multicincta Oxyrhabdium modestum
Chrysopelea paradisi variabilis Psammodynastes pulverulentus Coelognathus philippinus Rhabdophis auriculatus myersi Dendrelaphis levitoni Rhabdophis lineatus
Dendrelaphis marenae Tropidonophis dendrophiops
Dryocalamus philippinus Tropidolaemus subannulatus
Oligodon notospilus Batan (Batanes Ids.)
Psammodynastes pulverulentus Indotyphlops braminus
Rhabdophis chrysargos Python reticulatus
Calliophis bilineata Ahaetulla prasina preocularis Ophiophagus hannah Coelognathus erythrurus manillensis Trimeresurus (Parias) schultzei Gonyosoma oxycephalum
Tropidolaemus subannulatus Lycodon alcalai
Bantayan Psammodynastes pulverulentus Acrochordus granulatus Rhabdophis spilogaster
Cerberus schneiderii Trimeresurus (Parias) mcgregori Chrysopelea paradisi variabilis
Dendrelaphis marenae Biliran
Lycodon capucinus Calamaria lumbricoidea
Laticauda colubrina Oxyrhabdium modestum
Laticauda laticaudata Pseudorabdion mcnamarae
Banton Tropidonophis dendrophiops
Chrysopelea paradisi variabilis Bohol
Barit (Babuyan Ids.) Gerrhopilus hedraeus
Coelognathus erythrurus manillensis Gerrhopilus manilae
Laticauda colubrina Indotyphlops braminus
Cerberus schneiderii Liopeltis philippinus
Aplopeltura boa Oligodon notospilus
Ahaetulla prasina preocularis Psammodynastes pulverulentus
Boiga angulata Rhabdophis chrysargos
Boiga cynodon Sibynophis bivittatus
Calamaria lumbricoidea Calliophis bilineata
Coelognathus erythrurus erythrurus
Cagayan Sulu (Sulu Archipelago)
Oxyrhabdium modestum Dendrelaphis marenae
Rhabdophis auriculatus myersi Calamian Ids. (see also Calauit)
Naja samarensis (?) Pseudorabdion oxycephalum Ophiophagus hannah
Laticauda colubrina Calauit (Calamian Archipelago)
Laticauda semifasciata Indotyphlops braminus
Tropidolaemus subannulatus Malayopython reticulatus
Bongao (Sulu Archipelago) Ahaetulla prasina prasina
Indotyphlops braminus Dendrelaphis caudolineatus caudolineatus Malayopython reticulatus Dendrelaphis marenae
Xenopeltis unicolor Coelognathus philippinus
Ahaetulla prasina suluensis Liopeltis philippinus
Chrysopelea paradisi variabilis Oligodon notospilus
Coelognathus philippinus Calliophis bilineata
Dendrelaphis flavescens Naja sumatrana
Gonyosoma oxycephalum Calayan (Babuyan Ids.)
Oligodon meyerinkii Malayopython reticulatus Psammodynastes pulverulentus Boiga dendrophila divergens
Chrysopelea paradisi variabilis
Boracay (off of Panay) Coelognathus erythrurus manillensis Indotyphlops braminus Cyclocorus lineatus lineatus Malayotyphlops castanotus Dendrelaphis luzonensis
Bubuan (Sulu Archipelago) Lycodon cf. alcalai
Ramphotyphlops olivaceus Oxyrhabdium leporinum leporinum Ramphotyphlops suluensis Laticauda colubrina
Chrysopelea paradisi variabilis Laticauda laticaudata
Dendrelaphis flavescens Trimeresurus (Parias) cf. flavomaculatus Liopeltis tricolor
Oligodon vertebralis notospilus Camiguin (unspecified Norte or Sur)
Busuanga (Calamian Archipelago) Chrysopelea paradisi variabilis Indotyphlops braminus Dendrelaphis marenae
Ahaetulla prasina prasina Psammodynastes pulverulentus Coelognathus philippinus Tropidonophis dendrophiops Dendrelaphis marenae Trimeresurus (Parias) flavomaculatus
Trimeresurus (Parias) mcgregori Ptyas luzonensis
Camiguin Norte (Babuyan Ids.) Hemibungarus mcclungi
Indotyphlops braminus Ophiophagus hannah
Malayotyphlops luzonensis Trimeresurus (Parias) flavomaculatus Malayotyphlops ruficaudus
Ahaetulla prasina preocularis Cebu
Boiga cynodon Gerrhopilus hedraeus
Calamaria gervaisii Indotyphlops braminus
Cyclocorus lineatus lineatus Malayotyphlops hypogius Dendrelaphis luzonensis Malayotyphlops luzonensis Gonyosoma oxycephalum Ramphotyphlops cumingii
Lycodon cf. alcalai Malayopython reticulatus
Ahaetulla prasina preocularis Trimeresurus (Parias) cf. flavomaculatus
Calamaria gervaisii iridiscens
Chrysopelea paradisi variabilis Camiguin Sur
Coelognathus erythrurus psephenourus Ahaetulla prasina preocularis
Dendrelaphis fuliginosus Coelognathus erythrurus erythrurus
Dendrelaphis philippinensis Tropidonophis dendrophiops
Calliophis philippinus Lycodon capucinus
Oxyrhabdium leporinum visayanum Camotes Ids. (see Pacijan, Poro) Psammodynastes pulverulentus
Pseudorabdion mcnamarae Candaraman Pseudorabdion montanum Dendrelaphis levitoni Pseudorabdion oxycephalum Dendrelaphis marenae Tropidonophis negrosensis
Capones Ophiophagus hannah
Laticauda semifasciata Hydrophis cyanocinctus
Carabao Laticauda laticaudata
Dendrelaphis marenae Coron (Calamian Archipelago)
Lycodon capucinus Ahaetulla prasina prasina
Dendrelaphis philippinensis Catanduanes (?) Dryophiops rubescens Malayopython reticulatus
Culion (Calamian Archipelago)
Boiga dendrophila latifasciata
Hologerrhum philippinum Oligodon perkinsi
Lycodon muelleri Rhabdophis chrysargos
Oxyrhabdium modestum Sibynophis bivittatus
Calliophis bilineata Gigantes Sur (off of Panay)
Naja sumatrana Indotyphlops braminus
Hydrophis [ Chitulia ] ornatus
Cuyo Hydrophis [ Astrotia ] stokesii
Lycodon capucinus Guimaras
Laticauda semifasciata Indotyphlops braminus
Dalupiri (Babuyan Ids.) Coelognathus erythrurus psephenourus Indotyphlops braminus Cyclocorus lineatus alcalai Malayotyphlops luzonensis Dendrelaphis marenae
Python reticulatus Dendrelaphis philippinensis
Boiga philippina Hemibungarus gemianulis Chrysopelea paradisi variabilis
Coelognathus erythrurus manillensis Inampulugan
Dendrelaphis luzonensis Malayotyphlops castanotus
Lycodon chrysoprateros Boiga cynodon
Laticauda colubrina Coelognathus erythrurus psephenourus Trimeresurus (Parias) cf. flavomaculatus Cyclocorus lineatus alcalai
Dinagat Itbayat
Cerberus schneiderii Lycodon muelleri
Ahaetulla prasina preocularis Malayopython reticulatus
(?) Boiga dendrophila latifasciata Ivojos (Babuyan Ids.)
Calamaria lumbricoidea Indotyphlops braminus
Chrysopelea paradisi variabilis Jolo (Sulu Archipelago)
Gonyosoma oxycephalum Indotyphlops braminus
Lycodon dumerilii Malayopython reticulatus Oxyrhabdium modestum Xenopeltis unicolor
Psammodynastes pulverulentus Cerberus schneiderii
(?) Pseudorabdion oxycephalum Ahaetulla prasina preocularis Rhabdophis lineatus Calamaria joloensis
Stegonotus muelleri Chrysopelea paradisi variabilis Tropidonophis dendrophiops Coelognathus erythrurus erythrurus Naja samarensis Dendrelaphis marenae
Ophiophagus hannah Oligodon meyerinkii
(?) Tropidolaemus philippensis Psammodynastes pulverulentus
(?) Tropidolaemus subannulatus Calliophis suluensis
Dumaran Hydrophis [ Pelamis ] platurus Sibynophis bivittatus Laticauda colubrina
Gato Trimeresurus (Parias) flavomaculatus Laticauda laticaudata Tropidolaemus subannulatus Laticauda semifasciata
Kalotkot
Gigantes (off of Panay) Chrysopelea paradisi variabilis Hydrophis [ Chitulia ] lamberti Dendrelaphis marenae
Hydrophis [ Pelamis ] platurus Dendrelaphis philippinensis
Leyte Boiga angulata
Malayopython reticulatus Boiga cynodon
Aplopeltura boa Boiga dendrophila divergens
Ahaetulla prasina preocularis Boiga drapiezii ssp.
Boiga angulata Boiga philippina
Boiga cynodon Calamaria bitorques
Boiga dendrophila latifasciata Calamaria gervaisii gervaisii
Calamaria lumbricoidea Chrysopelea paradisi variabilis Chrysopelea paradisi variabilis Coelognathus erythrurus manillensis Coelognathus erythrurus erythrurus Cyclocorus lineatus lineatus
Cyclocorus nuchalis taylori Dendrelaphis luzonensis
Dendrelaphis marenae Dendrelaphis marenae
Dendrelaphis philippinensis Dendrelaphis philippinensis
Gonyosoma oxycephalum Dryophiops philippina
Lycodon capucinus Gonyosoma oxycephalum
Lycodon dumerilii Hologerrhum philippinum
Oxyrhabdium modestum Lycodon capucinus
Psammodynastes pulverulentus Lycodon muelleri
Ptyas luzonensis Lycodon solivagus
Rhabdophis auriculatus auriculatus (?) Lycodon tessellatus
Oxyrhabdium leporinum leporinum
Psammodynastes pulverulentus Ophiophagus hannah
Trimeresurus (Parias) flavomaculatus (?) Pseudorabdion oxycephalum
(?) Tropidolaemus philippensis Ptyas luzonensis
(?) Tropidolaemus subannulatus Rhabdophis auriculatus auriculatus
Lubang Rhabdophis spilogaster
Malayopython reticulatus Hemibungarus calligaster
Cyclocorus lineatus lineatus Hemibungarus mcclungi
Gonyosoma oxycephalum Naja philippinensis
Rhabdophis spilogaster Ophiophagus hannah
Luzon Hydrophis [ Lapemis ] curtus
Gerrhopilus manilae Hydrophis cyanocinctus
Hydrophis [ Chitulia ] lamberti Indotyphlops braminus
Hydrophis [ Chitulia ] ornatus Malayotyphlops andyi
Malayotyphlops collaris Hydrophis [ Pelamis ] platurus Malayotyphlops denrorum Hydrophis [Leioselama] semperi Malayotyphlops luzonensis Microcephalophis gracilis Malayotyphlops ruber Laticauda colubrina
Malayotyphlops ruficaudus Laticauda laticaudata
Malayopython reticulatus Laticauda semifasciata
Acrochordus granulatus Trimeresurus (Parias) flavomaculatus Cerberus microlepis Tropidolaemus subannulatus
(?) Gerarda prevostiana Mabag (Babuyan Ids.)
Ahaetulla prasina preocularis Laticauda colubrina
Marinduque Malayopython reticulatus Indotyphlops braminus Aplopeltura boa Malayopython reticulatus Cerberus schneiderii Gerrhopilus hedraeus (?) Fordonia leucobalia Malayotyphlops luzonensis Ahaetulla prasina preocularis Malayotyphlops ruficaudus Boiga angulata Ramphotyphlops cumingii Boiga cynodon Ahaetulla prasina preocularis Boiga dendrophila latifasciata Cyclocorus lineatus lineatus Boiga drapiezii ssp. Dendrelaphis luzonensis Calamaria gervaisii hollandi Dendrelaphis marenae Calamaria lumbricoidea Dryophiops philippina Calamaria virgulata Gonyosoma oxycephalum Chrysopelea paradisi variabilis Hologerrhum philippinum Coelognathus erythrurus erythrurus Lycodon muelleri Cyclocorus nuchalis nuchalis Oxyrhabdium leporinum leporinum Cyclocorus nuchalis taylori Naja philippinensis Dendrelaphis marenae Dendrelaphis philippinensis
Maripipi (?) Dryophiops philippina Oxyrhabdium modestum Gonyosoma oxycephalum Lycodon capucinus
Marongas Lycodon dumerilii Chrysopelea paradisi variabilis Oligodon maculatus Oligodon modestus
Masbate (?) Oligodon notospilus (doubtful) Indotyphlops braminus Opisthotropis alcalai Malayotyphlops luzonensis Oxyrhabdium modestum Ramphotyphlops cumingii Psammodynastes pulverulentus Malayopython reticulatus Pseudorabdion ater Acrochordus granulatus (?) Pseudorabdion oxycephalum Cerberus schneiderii Pseudorabdion taylori Ahaetulla prasina preocularis Rhabdophis auriculatus auriculatus Calamaria gervaisii iridescens (eastern) Chrysopelea paradisi variabilis Rhabdophis auriculatus myersi Coelognathus erythrurus psephenourus (western) Dendrelaphis fuliginosus Rhabdophis lineatus (?) Dendrelaphis luzonensis Stegonotus muelleri Dendrelaphis marenae Tropidonophis dendrophiops Lycodon capucinus Calliophis philippina Pseudorabdion mcnamarae Naja samarensis Tropidonophis negrosensis Ophiophagus hannah Hemibungarus gemianulis Hydrophis atriceps Naja philippinensis Hydrophis [ Lapemis ] curtus Hydrophis cyanocinctus
Medis Hydrophis [ Pelamis ] platurus Chrysopelea paradisi variabilis Laticauda colubrina Laticauda laticaudata
Mindanao Trimeresurus (Parias) flavomaculatus Gerrhopilus hedraeus (?) Tropidolaemus hombronii Indotyphlops braminus (?) Tropidolaemus philippensis (?) Malayotyphlops luzonensis (?) Tropidolaemus subannulatus Ramphotyphlops cumingii
Mindoro Pseudorabdion montanum
Gerrhopilus hedraeus Pseudorabdion oxycephalum
Indotyphlops braminus Ptyas luzonensis
Malayotyphlops ruber Tropidonophis negrosensis
Malayopython reticulatus Hemibungarus gemianulis
Ahaetulla prasina preocularis Ophiophagus hannah
Calamaria gervaisii gervaisii Hydrophis [ Lapemis ] curtus
Chrysopelea paradisi variabilis Laticauda colubrina
Coelognathus erythrurus manillensis Laticauda semifasciata
Cyclocorus lineatus lineatus Trimeresurus (Parias) flavomaculatus Dendrelaphis fuliginosus Tropidolaemus subannulatus Dendrelaphis marenae
Dryophiops philippina Paan de Azucar
Lycodon capucinus Boiga cynodon
Lycodon muelleri Tropidonophis negrosensis
Oxyrhabdium leporinum leporinum Pacijan (Camotes Ids.)
Tropidonophis negrosensis Gerrhopilus hedraeus
Hemibungarus calligaster Malayotyphlops luzonensis
Naja philippinensis Malayotyphlops ruber
Ophiophagus hannah Coelognathus erythrurus erythrurus Laticauda laticaudata
Trimeresurus (Parias) flavomaculatus Palawan
Negros Malayopython reticulatus
Gerrhopilus hedraeus Xenopeltis unicolor
Indotyphlops braminus Acrochordus granulatus
Malayotyphlops canlaonensis Aplopeltura boa
Malayotyphlops castanotus Cerberus schneiderii
Malayotyphlops luzonensis Gerarda prevostiana
Malayotyphlops ruficaudus Ahaetulla prasina prasina Ramphotyphlops cumingii Boiga cynodon
Malayopython reticulatus Boiga dendrophila multicincta Acrochordus granulatus Boiga schultzei
Cerberus schneiderii Calamaria palavanensis
Ahaetulla prasina preocularis Calamaria virgulata
Boiga angulata Chrysopelea paradisi variabilis
Boiga cynodon Coelognathus philippinus
Calamaria gervaisii iridiscens Dendrelaphis levitoni
Chrysopelea paradisi variabilis Dendrelaphis marenae
Coelognathus erythrurus psephenourus Dryocalamus philippinus
Cyclocorus lineatus alcalai Gonyosoma oxycephalum
Dendrelaphis fuliginosus Liopeltis philippinus
Dendrelaphis marenae Liopeltis tricolor
Dryophiops philippina Lycodon sealei
Gonyosoma oxycephalum Oligodon notospilus
Lycodon capucinus Opisthotropis typica
Oligodon modestus Psammodynastes pulverulentus Oxyrhabdium leporinum visayanum Ptyas carinata
(?) Oxyrhabdium modestum Rhabdophis chrysargos
Psammodynastes pulverulentus Sibynophis bivittatus
Pseudorabdion mcnamarae Calliophis bilineata
Ophiophagus hannah Indotyphlops braminus
Laticauda semifasciata Ramphotyphlops cumingii Trimeresurus (Parias) flavomaculatus Malayopython reticulatus Trimeresurus (Parias) schultzei Cerberus schneiderii
Tropidolaemus subannulatus Ahaetulla prasina preocularis
Panay Boiga cynodon
Indotyphlops braminus Boiga dendrophila divergens Malayotyphlops castanotus Calamaria gervaisii polillensis
(?) Malayotyphlops hypogius Chrysopelea paradisi variabilis Malayopython reticulatus
Coelognathus erythrurus manillensis Acrochordus granulatus Cyclocorus lineatus lineatus Cerberus schneiderii Dendrelaphis marenae
Ahaetulla prasina preocularis Dendrelaphis philippinensis
Boiga angulata Hologerrhum philippinum
Boiga cynodon Lycodon muelleri
Boiga dendrophila levitoni Psammodynastes pulverulentus Boiga drapiezii ssp. Ptyas luzonensis
Calamaria bitorques Rhabdophis spilogaster
Calamaria gervaisii iridescens Hemibungarus mcclungi
Chrysopelea paradisi variabilis Ophiophagus hannah
Coelognathus erythrurus psephenourus Trimeresurus (Parias) flavomaculatus Cyclocorus lineatus alcalai
Dendrelaphis fuliginosus Poro (Camotes Ids.)
Dendrelaphis marenae Malayotyphlops luzonensis Dryophiops philippina Malayotyphlops ruber
Gonyosoma oxycephalum Coelognathus erythrurus erythrurus Hologerrhum dermali
Lycodon capucinus Romblon
Lycodon fausti Cerberus schneiderii
Oligodon modestus Boiga cynodon
Oxyrhabdium modestum Chrysopelea paradisi variabilis Psammodynastes pulverulentus Dryophiops philippina Pseudorabdion mcnamarae Lycodon capucinus
Pseudorabdion talonuran Ophiophagus hannah
Sabtang (Batanes Ids.)
Ahaetulla prasina preocularis Laticauda colubrina
Gonyosoma oxycephalum Trimeresurus (Parias) flavomaculatus
Panubolon (see also Guimaras)
Samar
Papahag [also as Papahang] (Sulu Archipelago)
Oligodon meyerinkii Ramphotyphlops marxi
Aplopeltura boa Coelognathus erythrurus erythrurus Ahaetulla prasina preocularis Calliophis suluensis
Boiga dendrophila latifasciata Tropidolaemus subannulatus
Chrysopelea paradisi variabilis
Coelognathus erythrurus erythrurus Sibay (off of Panay)
Sibutu (Sulu Archipelago)
Lycodon ferroni Ahaetulla prasina preocularis Oxyrhabdium modestum Ahaetulla prasina suluensis Psammodynastes pulverulentus Boiga cynodon
Rhabdophis auriculatus auriculatus Chrysopelea paradisi paradisi Rhabdophis lineatus Coelognathus philippinus
Stegonotus muelleri Dendrelaphis ? ( caudolineatus ) Tropidonophis dendrophiops Oligodon meyerinkii
Calliophis philippina Hydrophis [ Pelamis ] platurus
Naja samarensis Tropidolaemus subannulatus
Trimeresurus (Parias) flavomaculatus Indotyphlops braminus
(?) Tropidolaemus philippensis Malayotyphlops ruficaudus
(?) Tropidolaemus subannulatus Ramphotyphlops cumingii
Chrysopelea paradisi variabilis
Sanga Sanga (Sulu Archipelago) Dryophiops philippina
Xenopeltis unicolor Gonyosoma oxycephalum
Ahaetulla prasina suluensis Pseudorabdion mcnamarae
Chrysopelea paradisi variabilis
Coelognathus philippinus Sicogon
Dendrelaphis flavescens Ramphotyphlops cumingii
Semirara (off of Panay)
Indotyphlops braminus Siquijor
Malayotyphlops luzonensis Malayotyphlops luzonensis
Lycodon capucinus Boiga cynodon
Chrysopelea paradisi variabilis
Siargao Dendrelaphis marenae
Malayopython reticulatus Dryophiops philippina
Boiga dendrophila latifasciata Tropidonophis dendrophiops
Chrysopelea paradisi variabilis Trimeresurus (Parias) flavomaculatus
(?) Cyclocorus nuchalis taylori
Lycodon dumerilii Ramphotyphlops cumingii Psammodynastes pulverulentus Tropidonophis negrosensis
Siasi (Sulu Archipelago) Sitanki (Sulu Archipelago)
Malayopython reticulatus Laticauda colubrina
Sulu Archipelago (unspecified ids.) (?) Hydrophis [ Leioselasma ] spiralis Calamaria virgulata
Hydrophis atriceps Tawitawi (Sulu Archipelago)
Sulu (= Jolo, Sulu Archipelago) Ahaetulla prasina suluensis
Laticauda laticaudata Boiga cynodon
Boiga drapiezii ssp.
Chrysopelea paradisi variabilis
Surigao Coelognathus philippinus
Dendrelaphis marenae Dendrelaphis flavescens
Hydrophis [ Pelamis ] platurus Dendrelaphis marenae
Tablas Sibynophis geminatus geminatus Indotyphlops braminus Tropidolaemus subannulatus
Malayotyphlops ruficaudus (?) Dendrelaphis luzonensis
Tumindao
Chrysopelea paradisi variabilis
Visayan Sea area
Coelognathus erythrurus psephenourus
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EVANS, GEORGE HENRY. 1903. The king-cobra, or hamadryad- Naia bungarus (Boulenger), Ophiophagus elaps (Günther). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 14: 409–418.
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FISCHER, JOHANN GUSTAV. 1885. Ichthyologische und Herpetologische Bemerküngen. IV: Ueber eine Kollection von Amphibien und Reptilien von Mindanao. Jahrbuch Hamburg Wissenschaft Anstalt 2: 80–81.
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FITZINGER, LEOPOLDO JOSEPH FRANZ JOHANN. 1843. Systema Reptilium. Braunmüller et Seidel, Vindobonae (Wien [Vienna]), Austria. 106 + iv + (3) pp.
FORCART, LOTHAR. 1954. Die Taxonomie von Lycodon florensis Rooij und Stegonotus sutteri Forcart (Ophidia, Colubridae). Verhandlungen der naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel 65 (1): 7–8.
GARMAN, SAMUEL W. 1881. New or little-known reptiles and fishes in the museum collection. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University 8 (3): 85–93.
GAULKE, MAREN. 1986. Zum Beutefangverhalten der Schumuckbaumschlange Chrysopelea paradisi Boie, 1829 (Serpentes: Colubridae). Salamandra 22 (2/ 3): 211–212.
GAULKE, MAREN. 1987. Herpetologische Beobachtungen auf der Insel Calauit (Philippinen). Die Aquarien und Terrarien Zeitschrift 7 (40): 319–322.
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GAULKE, MAREN. 1993 b. Zur Taxonomie und Biologie von Oligodon meyerinkii (Steindachner, 1891). Sauria 15 (3): 3–6, 3 figs.
GAULKE, MAREN. 1994 a. Eine neue Unterart des Malaysischen Baumschnüfflers, Ahaetulla prasina suluensis n. subsp. Senckenbergiana Biologica 73 (1–2 [15 Apr.]): 45–47, 1 table.
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GAULKE, MAREN. 1995 a. Der Sulu Archipel - Besiedlungsgeschicte, Geologie und Herpetofauna. Natur und Museum 127 (7): 217–226.
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GAULKE, MAREN. 1996. Die Herpetofauna von Sibutu Island (Philippinen), unter Berücksichtigung zoogeographischer und ökologischer Aspekte. Senckenbergiana Biologica 75 (1/ 2): 45–56, 7 figs., 2 tables.
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GAULKE, MAREN, AND ALEXANDER V. ALTENBACH. 1994. Contribution to the knowledge of the snake fauna of Masbate (Philippines) (Squamata: Serpentes). Herpetozoa 7 (1/ 2): 63–66.
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GIRARD, CHARLES FRÉDÉRIC. 1858. Herpetology. In: United States Exploring Expedition, during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N. Vol. XX. C. Sherman & Son, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. 17 + 496 pp.
GISTEL, JOHANNES VON NEPOMUK FRANZ XAVER. 1848. Naturgeschichte des Thierreichs für höhere Schulen. Scheitlin & Krais, Stuttgart, Germany. xvi + 216 pp.
[NB: No specific Philippine listings. Adler notation on his photocopy of this paper: “Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. has copy of ed. 1 (1848).” According to Adler, the 1851 paper (of which he has a photocopy) is identical to the 1848 publ. Adler also notes, “see Dubois 1987 Alytes 6: 45–46 for review of Gistel’s names.”; 617 figs., 32 pls.]
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GRIFFIN, LAWRENCE E. 1909 b. Poisonous snakes of the Philippine Islands. Philippine Journal of Science 4 (3): 203–204.
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HORNSTEDT, CLAËS FREDRIK. 1787. Beskrifning på en Ny Orm från Java. Kongl. Vetenskaps Academiens nya Handlingar, Stockholm 8: 306–308.
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JAN, GEORG. 1857. Cenni sul Museo Civico di Milano ed indice sistematico dei retilli ed anfibi eposti nel medesimo. Luigi di Giacomo Pirola, Milano, Italia. 61 pp.
JAN, GEORG. 1862. Enumerazione sistematica della specie d’Ophidi del gruppo Calamaridae. Archivo Zool. Anat. Fisiol. Modena 2 (1): 1–76.
[NB: Reprinted in August, 1862 as Prodromo dell’Iconografia Generale degli Ofidi. II. Parte. V. Gruppo: Calamaridae, with the addition of an introduction by Jan, pp. iii-xii, pp. iii-x dated 20 dicembre 1861 and pp. x-xii, 1 Agosto 1862.; pls. 5–6.]
JAN, GEORG. 1863 a. Elenco sistematico degli Ofidi. Descritti e disegnati per l’Iconographia Generale. A. Lombardi, Milano, Italy. vii + 143 pp.
JAN, GEORG. 1863 b. Enumerazione sistematica degli ofidi appartenenti al gruppo Coronellidae. Archivo Zool. Anat. Fisiol. Modena 2 (2): 213–330.
[NB: Reprinted in August, 1863 as Prodromo dell’Iconografia Generale degli Ofidi. II.ª Parte. VI.º Gruppo: Coronellidae, pp. (2) + 3–120.]
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LEVITON, ALAN E. 1955. Systematic notes on the Asian snake Lycodon subcinctus. Philippine Journal of Science 84 (2): 195–203.
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WALL, FRANK, AND GEORGE H. EVANS. 1901. Burmese snakes. Notes on specimens including 45 species of ophidian fauna collected in Burma from 1st January to 30th June, 1900. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 13: 611–620.
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[NB: See comments by Bauer & Adler (2001) on the order in which the different printings of the Meyen reports appeared. The volume cited here, according to Bauer and Adler, though stating on the title pages of each of the parts as appearing in the “ Acta Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol. Nat. Cur. Vol. XVII. P.I.” actually appeared before it appeared in the Acta. The pages in the volume bear dual pagination numbers, e.g. “436 (186),” the first as it appears in the full volume, the second the already assigned pagination for the Acta. Thus, Wiegmann’s Amphibian section is numbered 433–435 (actually these pages are unnumbered) followed by 436 (186)-522(268). In a like manner the reptile and amphibian plates are dually numbered, LII (XIII)-LXI (XXII)., pls. 52–61.]
WIEGMANN, AREND FRÉDÉRIC AUGUST HEINRICH. 1834 a. Amphibien. Pages 433–518, Beiträge zur Zoology, gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde von Dr. F.J.F. Meyen. Für den Verfasser in Commission den Sander’schen Buchhandlung zu Berlin (C.W. Eichhoff), Breslau und Bonn.
[NB: Author’s name shown as “Dr. A.F.A. Wiegmann dem Jüngern” on title page [p. 433 of Meyen volume]. Pagination of Nova Acta version indicated in parentheses: 433–435 [183–185 {but not shown on pages or until p. 436}], 436[186]-518[268]; pls. in Meyen vol./ Nova Acta numbered 52/13–61/22. See also Wiegmann’s “Nachträgliche Bemerkungen” chapter, numbered in Nova Acta as 268a–d. Original description and pl. of Elaps calligaster (pl. 59, fig. 2 [pl. 20, fig. 2 in Nova Acta]., pls. 52–61).]
WIEGMANN, AREND FRÉDÉRIC AUGUST HEINRICH. 1834 b. Nachträgliche Bemerkungen zur Beschreibung der Amphibien in Meyen’s Beiträgen zur Zoologie. Pages 519–522, Beiträge zur Zoology, gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde von Dr. F.J.F. Meyen. Für den Verfasser in Commission den Sander’schen Buchhandlung zu Berlin (C.W. Eichhoff), Breslau und Bonn.
[NB: Annotated: “Berlin im October 1834.” See also Wiegmann’s Siebente Abhandlung. Amphibien. Pagination of Nova Acta version indicated in parentheses: 433–435[183–185 {but not shown on pages or until p. 436}], 436[186]-518[268]; pls. in Meyen vol./ Nova Acta numbered 52 / 13–61 /22. See also Wiegmann’s “Nachträgliche Bemerkungen” chapter, numbered in Nova Acta as 268a–d but here as 519[268]– 522[268].]
WIEGMANN, AREND FRÉDÉRIC AUGUST HEINRICH. 1834 c. Beiträge zur Zoologie, gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde, von Dr. F.J.F. Meyen, M.d.A.d.N. Siebente Abhandlung. Amphibien. Nova Acta Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Germanicae Naturae Curiosorum Halle 17 (1): 185–268, 268a–d, 11 pls.
[NB: According to Bauer and Adler (2001), preprints of this paper were included in F.J.F. Meyen (1834), Reise um die Erde (q.v.) and then issued in the Nova Acta, also in 1834, though somewhat later (but not much since Meyen signed the foreword to the book [pp. iii-iv] on 15 Sept. 1834).]
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WYNN, ADDISON H. 1988. Geographic distribution. Typhlops ater. Herpetological Review 19 (3): 60.
WYNN, ADDISON H., AND ALAN E. LEVITON. 1993. Two new species of blind snake, genus Typhlops (Reptilia: Squamata: Typhlopidae), from the Philippine Archipelago. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 106(1 [8 April]): 34–45, 3 figs.
ZHAO, ER-MI. 1995. Infraspecific classification of some Chinese snakes. Sichuan Journal of Zoology 14 (3): 107–112.
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| CM |
Chongqing Museum |
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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Trimeresurus (Parias) schultzei (Griffin, 1909)
| Leviton, Alan E., Siler, Cameron D., Weinell, Jeffrey L. & Brown, Rafe M. 2018 |
Tropidolaemus philippensis, Vogel, David, Lutz, van Rooijen, and Vidal, 2007:31
| SANGUILA, M. B. & K. A. COBB & C. D. SILER & A. C. DIESMOS & A. C. ALCALA & R. M. BROWN 2016: 119 |
| LEVITON, ALAN & M. BROWN & AND CAMERON & D. SILER 2014: 518 |
| VOGEL, GERNOT & PATRICK DAVID, MARIO & LUTZ, JOHAN & VAN ROOIJEN, AND 2007: 31 |
Tropidolaemus subannulatus, Vogel, David, Lutz, van Rooijen, and Vidal, 2007:23
| SANGUILA, M. B. & K. A. COBB & C. D. SILER & A. C. DIESMOS & A. C. ALCALA & R. M. BROWN 2016: 109 |
| LEVITON, ALAN & M. BROWN & AND CAMERON & D. SILER 2014: 519 |
| GAULKE, MAREN 2011: 340 |
| VOGEL, GERNOT & PATRICK DAVID, MARIO & LUTZ, JOHAN & VAN ROOIJEN, AND 2007: 23 |
Tropidolaemus cf. wagleri
| FERNER, JOHN & M. BROWN & ROGELIO & V. SISON & AND ROBERT & S. KENNEDY 2001: 55 |
Tropidolaemus wagleri
| MCDIARMID, ROY & A. CAMPBELL & AND T'SHAKA & A. TOURE 1999: 349 |
| GAULKE, MAREN 1994: 141 |
| BURGER, WILLIAM 1971: 2 |
Trimeresurus wagleri, Leviton, 1964c:265
| LEVITON, ALAN 1964: 265 |
Trimeresurus schultzei
| LEVITON, ALAN & M. BROWN & AND CAMERON & D. SILER 2014: 518 |
| TORIBA, MICHICISA 1993: 105 |
| LEVITON, ALAN 1964: 263 |
| TAYLOR, EDWARD 1922: 292 |
Trimeresurus wagleri
| TORIBA, MICHICISA 1993: 108 |
| LEVITON, ALAN 1964: 265 |
| TAYLOR, EDWARD 1922: 296 |
Trimeresurus wagleri wagleri
| TAYLOR, EDWARD 1922: 302 |
Trimeresurus wagleri alboviridis
| TAYLOR, EDWARD 1917: 366 |
Trimeresurus philippensis
| TAYLOR, EDWARD 1922: 295 |
| GRAY, JOHN 1842: 48 |
Trimesurus subannualtus
| GRAY, JOHN 1842: 48 |