Idiops rastratus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 )

Fonseca-Ferreira, Rafael, Guadanucci, José Paulo Leite, Yamamoto, Flávio Uemori & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2021, Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical spiders of the genus Idiops Perty, 1833 (Araneae, Idiopidae), with description of four new species, European Journal of Taxonomy 780 (1), pp. 1-71 : 54-58

Idiops rastratus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889)

Figs 4C , 6F , 29–30

Dendricon rastratum O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889: 250 , figs 1–5. Synonymized by Pocock 1895: 223.

Dendricon rastratum – O. Pickard-Cambridge 1890: 623, pl. 53 fig. 2.

Pseudidiops rastratus – Pocock 1895: 223. — Petrunkevitch 1911: 87.

Idiops rastratus – Raven 1985: 139.

Diagnosis

The male of Idiops rastratus resembles that of I. fuscus by the shape of the palpal bulb, but differs by having the embolus curvature less accentuated ( Fig. 29D–F ) and the absence of a projection at the base of the retrolateral depression of the palpal tibia. The female differs from that of other species (except Idiops opifex and I. duocordibus sp. nov.) by the strong cuspules on the entire ventral face of the maxillae ( Fig. 29K ). Differs from I. opifex by the aspect of the spermathecae, with a shorter duct and a slightly larger receptacle compared to the diameter of the duct ( Fig. 29L ). Differs from I. duocordibus sp. nov. by the unmodified and rounded receptacle ( Fig. 29L ).

Type material

Syntypes BRAZIL – Rio de Janeiro • 4 ♀♀; Serra dos Órgãos ; W. Baker leg.; BMNH 1890.1.20.1 to 1890.1.20.4 .

Other material examined

BRAZIL – Bahia • 2 ♂♂; Feira de Santana, Serra de São José ; 12°16′1″S, 38°58′1″ W; 2009–2010; G. de Ferreira leg.; IBSP 258656 to 258657 • 1 ♀, 1 juv.; Porto Seguro, Arraial dʼAjuda ; 16°27.643′ S, 39°08.298′ W; 24–27 Feb. 2005; Expedição Arachné leg.; MNRJ • 18 ♂♂; Una ; 15°17′34″ S, 39°4′30″ W; Dec. 1999; K. Kato leg.; MZSP 24233 • 11 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; MZSP 24218 • 15 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; MZSP 24214 • 13 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; MZSP 24216 • 7 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; MZSP 24219 • 7 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; MZSP 24221 • 10 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; MZSP 24292 • 7 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; MZSP 24211 • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; MZSP 24282 • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; MZSP 24212 • 5 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; MZSP 24210 • 6 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; MZSP 24284 • 3 ♂♂ (SEM); same collection data as for preceding; MZSP 24215 • 6 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; MZSP 24675 • 5 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; MZSP 24220 • 3 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; MZSP 24213 • 5 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; MZSP 24217 • 4 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; MZSP 24288 • 3 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; MZSP 24273 • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; MZSP 24222 • 4 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; MZSP 24275 • 3 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; MZSP 24276 • 6 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; MZSP 24287 . – Minas Gerais • 1 ♂; Nova Lima, Serra da Moeda , Cave PBR_10_11 ; 20º09′20″ S, 43º58′24″ W; 15–20 Mar. 2010; R. Bessi leg.; IBSP 196034 . – Espírito Santo • 2 ♂♂; Linhares, Reserva Natural Vale ; 19°6′54″ S, 39°56′20″ W; 27–30 Apr. 2010; J.P.P.P. Barbosa et al. leg.; IBSP 234713 . – Rio de Janeiro • 1 ♀; Teresópolis, Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos ; 23°27′33″ S, 46°38′2″ W; 10–22 Nov. 2010; R.P. Indicatti and F.U. Yamamoto leg.; IBSP 243973 . – São Paulo • 36 ♂♂; Bananal, Estação Biológica de Bananal ; 22°15′– 22°37′ S, 44°07′– 44°22′ W; 13–25 Apr. 2004; A.E. Monteiro leg.; MZSP 23781 • 39 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; MZSP 23732 • 1♀; Bananal, Estação Biológica de Bananal ; 2010; J.M. Pereira leg.; IBSP 245408 .

Description

Male (MZSP 24282)

HABITUS. See Fig. 29A .

MEASUREMENTS. TBL 11.2, CL 5.5, CW 5.2, LL 0.7, LW 1, SL 3, SW 2.6.

COLOR. Carapace and legs reddish brown, with yellowish coxae, brownish sternum ( Fig. 29A–B ), abdomen dorsally dark gray and ventrally brownish.

PROSOMA. Carapace and ocular arrangement as shown in Fig. 29A . Eye tubercle: 1.3 long; 1.4 wide. Distance AME-ALE 0.5. Eye diameters:AME 0.5,ALE 0.3, PME 0.2, PLE 0.4. Thoracic fovea procurved ( Fig. 27A ). Labium and sternum without cuspules ( Fig. 29B ). Basal segment of chelicerae with a prolateral row of 5 large teeth and 4–5 small retrolateral teeth in basal third ( Fig. 30A ), with proeminent rastellum, with 7–8 spines, with larger ones in distal region ( Fig. 30B ).

LEGS. Tibia, metatarsus and tarsus I as shown in Fig. 29G . Basal branch of tibial apophysis with additional tooth ( Fig. 30C ). Pseudoscopula: tarsus I smooth, II weakly covered, III–IV densely covered.

PALP. Tibia with conspicuous retrolateral depression and with larger spines concentrated on basal half ( Figs29C , 30D ); embolus with apical lamella with a differentiated dorsal and ventral border ( Figs 29D–F , 30E–F ).

PALP AND LEG MEASUREMENTS. Palp = 9 (3.2, 1.6, 3, 1.2), I = 20.7 (6.4, 3, 4.9, 4.4, 2), II = 16,5 (5.3, 2, 3.6, 3.8, 1.8), III = 15.13 (4.1, 2.1, 3, 3.9, 1.9), IV = 21.7 (6, 2.7, 5.3, 5.3, 2.4).

SPINATION. Palp: Ti r36, Ta d-0-0-4. Leg I: Ti v1r-1r-2r-1ap, Mt v35-3, Ta v45, p2-3-3, r4-3-1. Leg II: Ti v1r-1r-3r-2, Mt v4-6-5-3ap, p0-1-1, Ta p3-4-2, r3-3-4. Leg III: Pa p1-2-7, r0- 1-2, Ti v1-2-2-1ap, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, Mt v2-4-3-4, p0-0-2, r1-1-1, Ta p2-3-2, r3-4-2. Leg IV: Pa p6-1-0, Ti v1-1-4, Mt v1-1r-1-3, Ta p2-1-3, r0-1-2.

Female (BMNH 1890.1.20.1)

HABITUS. See Fig. 29J .

MEASUREMENTS. TBL 13, CL 5.8, CW 4.9, LL 0.8, LW 2, SL 3.5, SW 3.5.

COLOR. Carapace and legs reddish brown, with yellowish coxae, brownish sternum ( Fig. 29J–K ), abdomen dorsally dark gray and ventrally brownish.

PROSOMA. Carapace and ocular arrangement as shown in Fig. 29J . Eye tubercle: 1.7 long; 1.5 wide. Distance AME-ALE 0.9. Eye diameters:AME 0.5, ALE 0.4, PME 0.3, PLE 0.4. Thoracic fovea procurved ( Fig. 29J ). Labium with 14 cuspules. Maxilla with 113 cuspules, distributed throughout ventral region ( Fig. 29K ). Basal segment of chelicerae with a prolateral row of 5 large teeth and a retrolateral row with 9 small teeth, grouped in basal third, rastellum with 12–14 spines, distal ones longer.

PALP AND LEG MEASUREMENTS. Palp = 11.4 (3.9, 2.4, 2.7, 2.4), I = 12.7 (4.4, 2.7, 2.7, 1.9, 1), II = 10.8 (3.3, 2.5, 2.2, 1.8, 1), III = 11.4 (3.4, 2.4, 1.9, 2.3, 1.4), IV = 16.2 (4.8, 2.9, 3.6, 3.1, 1.8).

SPINATION. Palp: Ti r36, Ta d-0-0-4. Leg I: Ti v1r-1r-2r-1ap, Mt v35-3, Ta v45, p2-3-3, r4-3-1. Leg II: Ti v1r-1r-3r-2ap, Mt v4-6-5-3, p0-1-1, Ta p3-4-2, r3-3-4. Leg III: Pa p1-2-7, r0-1-2, Ti v1-2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, Mt v2-4-3-4, p0-0-2, r1-1-1, Ta p2-3-2, r3-4-2. Leg IV: Pa p6-1-0, Ti v1-1-4, Mt v1-1r-1-3, Ta p2-1-3, r0-1-2

SPERMATHECAE. Base divided by non-sclerotized area. Ducts short and slightly narrower than receptacles, which are spherical and with evident granules ( Fig. 29L ).

Distribution

Brazil. Mainly distributed in Atlantic Forest phytophysiognomies along the coastal zone, with records for the Southeast region (east of São Paulo, Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro) and Northeast region (center-south of Bahia). Only one record for the central region of Minas Gerais ( Fig. 4C )

Figures

Fig. 4. Distribution of species of Idiops Perty, 1833 in the Neotropical region (part).

Fig. 6. Diagnostic characters of Idiops Perty, 1833 spp. A. Ocular disposition, with emphasis on the anterior lateral eyes apart from the others (I. fuscus Perty, 1833, CHNUFPI 0036). B. Rows of chelicera teeth (I. clarus(Mello-Leitão, 1946), FCE 0340). C. Rastellum (I. carajas Fonseca-Ferreira, Zampaulo & Guadanucci, 2017, MPEG 00109). D. Tarsus showing the pseudoscopula and tarsal claws (I. camelus (Mello-Leitão, 1937), MZSP 28832).E. Palpal bulb (I. carajas). F. Retrolateral depression of palpal bulb (I. rastratus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889), MZSP 24215). G. Tibial apophysis (I. pirassununguensis Fukami & Lucas, 2005, MZSP 15651). H–I. Putative slit organ between the branches of the tibial apophysis (I. camelus). Abbreviations: PT = promarginal teeth; RT = retromarginal teeth. Scale bars: A–D, F– G = 0.5 mm; E = 1 mm; H–I = 0.05 mm.

Fig. 29. Idiops rastratus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889). A–I. ♂ (MZSP 24282). A. Prosoma (dorsal view). B. Prosoma (ventral view). C. Part of palp (retrolateral view). D–F. Palpal bulb. D. Dorsal view. E. Retrolateral view. F. Prolateral view. G. Tibia, metatarsus and tarsus I (prolateral view). H. Tibial apophysis (prolateral view). I. Tibial apophysis and metatarsus I (dorsal view). J–L. ♀ (MZSP 24282). J. Prosoma (dorsal view). K. Prosoma (ventral view). L. Genitalia (dorsal view). Abbreviation: EL = embolar lamella. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 30. Scanning electron micrographs of Idiops rastratus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889), ♂ (MZSP 24215). A. Chelicera (retrolateral view). B. Rastellum (retrolateral view). C. Tibial apophysis (dorsal view). D. Part of the palp, showing retrolateral depression. E–F. Detail of the final portion of the embolus. E. Retrolateral view. F. Prolateral view. Abbreviation: EL = embolar lamella. Scale bars: A–D = 0.5 mm; E–F = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 27. Idiops pirassununguensis Fukami & Lucas, 2005. A–I. ♂ (UFMG 607). A. Prosoma (dorsal view). B. Prosoma (ventral view). C. Part of palp (retrolateral view). D–F. Palpal bulb. D. Dorsal view. E. Retrolateral view. F. Prolateral view. G. Tibia, metatarsus and tarsus I (prolateral view). H. Tibial apophysis (prolateral view). I. Tibial apophysis and metatarsus I (dorsal view). J–L. ♀ (UFMG 11264). J. Prosoma, dorsal view. K. Prosoma, ventral view. L. Genitalia (dorsal view). Abbreviation: EL = embolar lamella. The arrow indicates a constriction. Scale bars = 1 mm.