Nectamia luxuria, Fraser, 2008

Fraser, Thomas H., 2008, Cardinalfishes of the genus Nectamia (Apogonidae, Perciformes) from the Indo-Pacific region with descriptions of four new species, Zootaxa 1691 (1), pp. 1-52 : 26-31

Nectamia luxuria new species

Figures 3E , 6B , 11–12 , 18 and Tables 2–3, 7

Type material: Holotype USNM 209644 59.1 mm SL; Indonesia, Ceram , Tandjung Liang; 10 Jan 1973; Rumphius Exp. I, Sta. Li-1; VGS 73-6 . Paratypes USMN 344924 (15, 23–61); Same data as the holotype . USNM 213235 ; (7, 55–65); Pulo Siburu, Mentawei Is ; 30 Nov 1963 ; Te Vega Sta. 104. USNM 213342 ; (24, 19–56); Borneo, Celebes Sea, Darvel Bay ; 2 Feb 1965 ; Te Vega Cr. 6 Sta. 216 . ROM 54318; (3, 45–61); Negros Oriental, Siquijor I.; RW 87-8; 9 May 1987 . USNM 213159 ; Australia, One Tree I., (7, 38–68); 25 Nov 1966 ; VGS 66-8. BPBM 21896 ; (9, 41–77); Malaysia, Tioman I.; 2 Aug. 1977 .

Additional material: Indian Ocean: Cocos-Keeling Islands: ANSP 128423 ; (2, 35–57) ; Pulo Pandang ; 17 Mar 1974; Sta. 40. Maldive Islands: CAS 95967; (2, 43–51) ; Male Atoll, Hulele I.; Te Vega 64-5; 8 Nov 1964. CAS 95984; (26, 33–53) ; Male Atoll, Hulele I.; 8 Nov 1964. Thailand: ROM 71511 ;13(14–71); Phuket, 7°47'10"N 98°23'45"E; RW93-03; 0– 1m. ROM 71528 ; 8;20–69; Phuket, 7°45'47"N 98°20'24"E; 10 Nov 1993; 0– 6m. USNM 213151 ; (8, 23–63) ; Koh Huyong , Similan I; 3 Nov 1963; Te Vega Sta. 78. Indonesia: Off Western Sumatra: USNM 213153 ; (19, 19–58) ; Pulo Bai, Batu Group ; 25 Nov 1963; Te Vega Cr H, Sta. 101. USNM 213235 ; (7, 55–65) ; Pulo Siburu, Mentawei Is ; 30 Nov 1963; Te Vega Sta. 104. Pacific Ocean: China: Hong Kong: SU 61220 ; (14, 55–70) ; Pratas Reef ; 26 May 1958; Sta. HK 77. GVF 1745 ; (2, 52–53) ; Pratas Reef ; 23 May 1958; Sta. HK 68. CAS 98021; GVF 1750 ; (5, 59–68) ; Pratas Reef ; 25 May 1958; Sta. HK 73. Thailand: CAS 84154; GVF 1535 ; (8, 45–52) ; Koh Tao I.; 10 Nov 1957. ROM 71511; (13, 14–71) ; Malacca Strait, Phuket, 7°47'10"N 98°23'45"E; RW93-03; 0– 1m. ROM 71528; (8, 20–69) ; Malacca Straits , 7°45'47"N 98°20'24"E; 10 Nov 1993; 0– 6m. Vietnam: CAS 85997; GVF 2116 ; (3, 48–58) ; Bay of Nha Trang ; 14 March 1960; Sta. 60–99. Malaysia : Sabah: USNM 213342 ; (24, 19–56) ; Darvel Bay ; 2 Feb 1965; Te Vega Cr. 6 Sta. 216. Indonesia: CAS 98022.; (3, 47–54) ; Sangi Siang I.; JEM 87-7; 24 Sep 1987. Banda Sea: USNM 209644 (1, 59) ; Ceram, Tandjung Liang ; 10 Jan 1973; Rumphius Exp. I, Sta. Li-1; VGS 73-6. USNM 210243 ; (5, 24–53) Ambon I.; 8 Jan. 1973; Rumphius Exp. 1, Sta. AB-3; VGS 73-20. BPBM 18537 ; (1, 34) ; color, black & white; Ambon I., Eri ; 6 m; 31 Jan. 1975. USNM 341617 ; (8, 40–55) ; Nusa Laut ; 16 Jan 1973; Rumphius Exp. I, Sta. NU-1. USNM 210379 ; (2, 53–58) Saparua ; 20 Jan 1973; Rumphius Exp. I, Sta. Kw-1; VGS 73-16. USNM 341629 ; (1, 34) ; SE Naira I, Banda I.; 8 Mar 1974. VGS 74-9. Makassar Strait: BPBM 26723 ; (2, 43–56) ; Sulawesi, Bonebetang I.; 1.5m; 8 Sep. 1978. Molucca Sea: USNM 171396 ; (A.23613); (1, 51) ; Jillolo, Halmahera I; 1 Dec. 1909. USNM 171398 (A23883); (1, 41) ; USNM 171394 (A.23529); (1, 73) ; Tidore I; 25 Nov 1909. USNM 112237 (A23527, 23528, 23530, 23884) (4, 63– 77) ; Tidore I, S of Ternate; 25 Nov 1909. USNM 112235 (A23484); (1, 58) ; Kayoa I; 29 Nov 1909. USNM 171383 (A.23105, 106); (2, 49–53) ; Tomahu I; 11 Dec 1909. USNM 171400 (A.24061); (1, 51) ; Talisei I, N. of Sulawesi; 9 Nov 1909. USNM 112193 (A.14342); (1, 49) ; Tobea I.; 14 Dec. 1909 . Irian Jaya: FMNH 22037 ; (1, 24) ; Waigeo ; June 1929. Philippines: ANSP 77377 ; (8, 41–51) ; CMP-P; Nov 1917. ANSP 48885 ; (8, 43–52) ; CMP-P; Nov 1917. USNM 341621 ; (7, 37–60) ; Sangay Siapo I.; EM 88-9; 28 May 1988. USNM 268261 (3, 57–62) and 341620; (1, 67); Negros Oriental, Siquijor I.; LK 79-15, 15 May 1979. USNM 341622 ; (1, 41) ; Negros I., south tip; SP 78-9; 12 May 1978. ROM 54321; (9, 9–56) ; Cebu, Similon I.; RW87-31; 20 May 1987. ROM 73808; (8, 49–56) ; Cebu, Similon I., Rohol Straits ; RW87-37; 21 May 1987; 4– 8m. USMN 341618 ; (2, 46–56) ; Palawan Is., Bararin I., SP 78-20; 23 May 1978. USNM 341626 ; (1, 51) ; Pamilikan I.; SP 78-43; 12 June 1978. USNM 171386 (A23294-295); (2, 57–58) ; Tataan, Simulac I; 19 Feb 1908. USNM 112161 (A.23555); (1, 55) ; USNM 171397 (A23868); (1, 38) ; Rapu Rapu I.; 22 June 1909; USNM 112132 ; (A.23189, 23190, 23562, 23564) (11, 43–53) ; Romblon I.; 25 Mar. 1908; Albatross; x-ray . Sulu Sea : FMNH 22035 ; (1, 57) ; Jolo , Sulu Province; 20 July 1929; USNM 213154 ( A23698 ); (1, 55) ; Jolo I; 6–7 Mar 1908; USNM 171393 (A23516); (1, 44) ; Tulayan I, near Jolo I; 15 Sept 1909; USNM 171410 ( A15585 ); (1, 49) ; Tulayan I, near Jolo I; 15 Sept 1909; USNM 171089 ; (2, 48–49) ; Bubuan I.; 14 Feb 1908; Albatross Exp.; USNM 112176 (A.23700); (1, 49) ; Jolo I; 6–7 Mar 1908; x-ray; USNM 112173 (A.23506); (1, 51) ; USNM 171395 (A.23505, 23507); (2, 48–51) ; Dalaganem I, off Palawan I; 8 Apr 1909; USMN 169723 ; (4, 43–54) ; Machesi I., Palawan Is; Albatross ; 5 Apr 1909; x-ray; USNM 112170 (A.23228); (1, 50) ; Palawan I; 28 Dec 1908; Philippine Sea: USNM 171385 (A23286); (1, 53) ; Biri Channel ; 1 June 1909. USNM 112238 (A21863, 23814); (2, 62–65) ; Biri Channel ; 1–2 June 1909 . Samar I., Port Palapag : USNM 112240 (A.23273); (1, 50) ; 2 June 1909; USNM 176164 ; (7, 51–57) ; Albatross ; x-ray; USNM 112131 (A.15337); (1, 54) ; x-ray. USNM 171389 (A.23362-363); (2, 50–57) ; USNM 112182 (A.23361); (1, 61) ; 3 June 1909; x-ray. Luzon I. Gubat Port; USNM171402 (A.11868); (1, 57) ; 23 June 1909. USNM 112239 (A11867); (1, 65) ; 22 June 1909. SU 21038 (Tin Tag 3882); (1, 61) ; Bacon I; C.J. Pierson coll. South China Sea: USNM 171413 (A.8667); (1, 52) ; Manila Harbor ; 3 Jan 1909. USMN 171391 (A23365); (1, 51) ; USNM 171407 (A.16653); (1, 55) Galera Bay, Mindoro I; 9 June 1908. USNM 112135 ; (A.16315, 23340, 23355, 23357) (4, 43–55) ; Endeavor Str. , NW Coast Palawan I.; 22 Dec. 1909. Sulawesi Sea: USNM 171399 (A.24005); (1, 56) ; Sitanki Reef, S. Tawi Tawi Group ; 24 Sept 1909. USNM 171409 (A.16586, 16588); (2, 45–52) ; Tulnalutan I, E of Zamboanga; 9 Sept 1909. USNM 112179 (A.14055); (1, 48) ; USNM 171408 (A.8072, 15781-2) (3, 35–52) ; USNM 171404 (A.14056); (1, 50) ; Sacol I. E of Zamboanga; 9 Sept 1909. USNM 112180 (A23475); (1, 53) ; Tapiantana I: 13 Sept 1909. USNM 171401 ( A24058 ); (1, 44) ; USNM 171411 (A.4642); (1, 47) ; Tonquil I; 14 Sept 1909. Camotes Sea: BPBM 36849 (1, 39) ; Mactan I.; 12 Oct.1995. Bohol Sea: USNM 171412 (A.5743, 5745); (2, 57–66) ; USNM 112183 (A.5744); (1, 54) ; Camiguin I; 3 Aug 1909. BPBM 28580 ; (2, 56–65) ; Negros I., Dumaguete ; 5m; 4 June 1981; Samar Sea: USNM 171382 (A.23991); (1, 45) ; Cataingan Bay , Masbate I.; 18 Apr 1908. Sibuyan Sea: USNM 169727 ; (1, 49) ; Marinduque I; Albatross ; 24 Apr 1908; x-ray. Mindanao I.: USNM 171414 (A.9215); (1, 42) ; Mindanao ; 6 Aug 1909. USNM 171384 (A.20570, 23217- 18); (3, 53–59) ; USNM 112174 (A.23215-16); (2, 59–63) ; Opol ; 4 Aug 1909. Australia: Coral Sea: Lizard I.: AMS P.24725; (2, 42–60), ROM 44265; (4, 37–70) ; Escape Reef ; 6 Nov 1981; 2– 11 m. AMS P.24743; (1, 48); One Tree I.: USNM 213158 ; (2, 67–68) ; 1 Dec 1966; VGS 66–14; USNM 213160 ; (1, 40) ; 11 Dec 1966; VGS 66-19. MCZ 38496; (1, 59) ; Curacoa I; 28 Sept 1952. Papua New Guinea: USNM 341634 ; (17, 23– 65) ; Hermit I.; VGS 78-19; 4 Nov. 1978. BPBM 32581 ; (1, 55) ; Kranket Island ; 1– 3m.; 12 November 1987. USNM 213162 ; (1, 37) ; Kuia I., Trobriand Is. ; 11 June 1970; BBC-1514. USNM 213163 ; (8, 28–68) ; Kiriwina I., Trobriand Is. ; 8 June 1970; BBC-1509. Carolina Islands : Palau: BPBM 31401 ; (5, 16–55) ; Ulebsechel I.; 7–15 m; 9 Jul 1986. Urukthapel Island : CAS 84071; GVF 1979 ; (1, 56) . Kayangel Island : CAS 83799; GVF 867 ; (37, 27–51) ; 26 Aug 1956. CAS 84083; GVF 866 ; (4, 35–49) ; 26 Aug 1956. Aulong Island : CAS 84056; GVF 1991 ; (3, 46–56) ; 12 Oct 1956. CAS 84057; GVF 672 ; (1, 66) ; E of Malaklal Passage ; 18 Sept 1955. CAS 83789; GVF 493 ; (1, 36) Auluptagel I.; 9 Oct 1957. Mariana Islands : Saipan: CAS 80792; (2, 48–53) ; G90-8; 24 Feb 1990. Yap: CAS 83795; GVF 1924 ; (1, 54) ; 29 Dec 1959; Sta. 101. Kapingamarangi Atoll: CAS 83965; GVF 475 ; (19, 19–51) ; 20 Aug 1954; Sta. 172. CAS 83805; GVF 479 ; (19, 23–58) ; 21 Aug 1954; Sta. 176. Ifaluk Atoll: CAS 83793; GVF 136 ; (4, 37–49) ; 25 Sept 1953; Sta. 15. CAS 83879; GVF 185 ; (1, 61) ; 8 Oct 1953; Sta. 64. Pohnpei: CAS 98023; GVF 493 ; (1, 40) ; 4 Oct 1954. Marshall Islands : Bikini Atoll: FMNH 60028 ; (2, 26–28) ; Bikini I; 14 Aug 1946; S-46-349; USNM 142416 ; (1, 51) ; off Amen I; 4 Aug 1946; LPS, Sta. S-46-307. Majuro Atoll: USNM 179404 ; (1, 51) ; Rita I; 12 Mar 1958; Bartsch Sta. Solomon Islands: FMNH 22032-033 ; (2, 43–52) ; Ugi I; 10 Apr 1929; Crane Pacific Exp. BPBM 17375 ; (5, 33–69) ; black & white; Guadalcanal, Honiara; 16 m; 4 Aug. 1973 . Santa Cruz Islands: USNM 213166 ; (4, 18–45) ; Vanikoro I; 3 Sept 1963; Te Vega Cr. 1, Sta. 35. USNM 213344 ; (14, 33–69) ; Vanikoro I; 16 Apr 1965; Te Vega Cr. 7, Sta. 259. New Caledonia: ROM 65766; (5, 64–69) ; 22°20'30"S 166°14'45"S; RW91-19; 11 Sep 1991. USNM 324845 ; (2, 42–43) ; Noumea ; 7 Nov 1991 . Loyalty Islands: USNM 324847 ; (1, 70) ; Ouvea Atoll ; 17 Oct 1991. Tonga Island: USNM 213167 ; (121, 15–73) ; Nivatobutabu I; 31 May 1965; Te Vega Cr. 7, Sta. 301. USNM 213168 ; (80, 34–65) ; Neiafu, Vava’u ; 28 June 1965; Te Vega Cr. 8, Sta. 308. Tongatapu Group; USNM 334689 ; (1, 56) ; JTW 93-4; 23 Oct. 1993. USNM 334704 ; (2, 51–64) ; 28 Oct 1993. USNM 334705 ; (5, 65–73) ; 27 Oct 1993. USNM 334427 ; (2, 57–82) ; JTW 93-8; 27 Oct.1993. Fiji: CAS 223738 ; (2, 24–29) ; Muaivuso , 18°08.836'S, 178°21.988'E; G0-52; 11 Feb 2002; 11– 14 m. CAS 223746 ; (3, 36–67) ; reef face in keyhole, 16°49.864'S, 178°19.625'E; G02-133; 3Apr 2002; 3– 7 m. CAS 223748 ; (4, 35–64) ; NE of Yaqaga I., 16°30.717'S, 178°38.730'E; G02-106; 25Mar 2002; 3– 6 m. CAS 223749 ; (2, 44–44) ; Balavu Harbor , 17°11.212'S, 179°00.095'W; G03-24; 8 Jan 2003; 9– 15 m. CAS 223750 ; (6, 40–56) ; E of Nananu Passage , 17°15.063'S, 178°13.445'E; G02-80; 16 Mar 2002; 6– 8 m. CAS 223751 ; (6, 39–50) ; Nasava Bay , 17°29.442'S, 178°21.171'E; G02-143; 4 Nov 2002; 5– 8 m. CAS 223756 ; (8, 29–61) ; S of Delavalau, Savuna Pt. , 16°56.902'S, 178°58.231'E; G02-99; 21 Mar 2002; 1– 4 m. CAS 223758 ; (9, 29– 53) ; S of Kia I., 16°16.911'S, 179°09.335'E; G02-121; 30 Mar 2002; 7 m. CAS 223759 ; (10, 25–50) ; Bua Bay off Naicobocobo Pt. Reef ; 16°50.139'S, 178°31.553'E; G02-102; 24 Mar 2002; 1– 4 m. CAS 223760 ; (1, 52) ; between Ovalua and Moturiki , 17°44.477'S, 178°45.334'E; G02-159; 8 Nov 2002; 1– 9 m. USNM 213169 ; (20, 29–80) ; Wailagi Lala I; 26 May 1965; Te Vega Cr. 7, Sta. 295. ANSP 128369 ; (7, 36–45) ; Suva ; FIJ74-3; 15 Apr 1974. BPBM 11406 ; (2, 52–55) ; color, black & white; Joske Reef ; 6 m; 3 Sep. 1971. CAS 223747 ; (1, 37) ; N side of Viti Levu , 17°16.704S, 178°12.932E; G02-186; 15 Nov 2002; 3– 6 m. CAS 223736 ; (8, 38–52) ; Davetia Bay ; 16°45.578'S, 179°54.618'E; G03-66; 26 May 2003; 7– 12 m. CAS 223752 ; (5, 30–36) ; Davetia Bay , 16°45'.578'S, 179°54.618'E; G03-67; 26 May 2003; 1– 3 m. CAS 223761 ; (16, 27–55) ; Davetia Bay , 16°45.578'S, 179°54.618'E; G03-66; 26 May 2003; 7– 12 m. CAS 223762 ; (42, 26–55) ; Nasau Bay , 16°43.650'S, 179°53.970'E; G03-62; 25 May 2003; 1– 4 m. CAS 223753 ; (4, 30–48) ; Nasau Bay , 16°43.650'S, 179°53.970'E; G03-61; 25 May 2003; 0– 3 m. ROM 44178; (4, 21–28) ; off Suva ; 12 Apr 1982. ROM 43262; (51, 12–70) ; Great Astrolabe Reef ; WE 83-21; 27 Mar 1983. ROM 43263; (2, 10–62) ; Great Astrolabe Reef ; WE 83-9; 20 Mar 1983. USNM 212841 ; (4, 34–45) ; Mbulia I., 18°50'30"S 178°32'10"E; 28 Aug 1963; 3– 6m. USNM 213170 ; (9, 41–57) ; N. of Vuro I, Great Astrolabe Reef ; 8 May 1965; Te Vega Cr. 7, Sta. 278. USNM 213343 ; (23, 19–59) ; N. of Vuro I, Great Astrolabe Reef ; 8 May 1965; Te Vega Cr. 7, Sta. 279. Wallis Is.: USNM 369974 ; (80, 23–56) ; Ila Uvea , 13°19'17"S 176°15'10"W; 14 Nov 2000 . Samoan Islands: Western Samoa: Upolu: FMNH 4804 ; (3, 50–60) ; Apia ; 1902; D.S. Jordan coll. IUM 10894; (2, 40–62); Apia; 1902. USNM 52432 ; (18, 46–68) ; Apia , one spec. drawn. USNM 126257 ; (2, 65–73) ; Apia ; 1902; US Fish Comm. MCZ 30268; (1, 64) ; Apia ; 1902, No. 06556. American Samoa: Tutuila: SU 8888 ; (13, 58–71) Pago Pago 1902. USNM 58522 ; (8, 59–63) ; Pago Pago ; 1902; US Fish Comm. Phoenix Island : USNM 213171 ; (32, 30–69) ; Kanton I; 12 July 1965; Te Vega Cr. 8, Sta. 314. Cook Islands: FMNH 16239-40 ; (2, 44–50) ; Aitutaki ; 1930; Chancellor-Field Exp. USNM 213172 ; (10, 13–30) ; Tongareva (Penrhyn) Atoll , S. of Molokai I; 13 June 1965; S.I. POBS coll. Society Islands: Tahiti: FMNH 22004-06 ; (3, 37–62) ; Maraa ; 18 Feb 1929; Crane Pacific Exp. USNM 164557 ; (4, 31–64) ; lagoon. Mangareva MCZ 29552 ; (10, 64–74).

Diagnosis. A Nectamia with no dark saddle on body below the second dorsal fin, many pale bars on body, caudal peduncle with an incomplete dark wide bar, mostly above the lateral line, caudal fin with dark margins, subocular mark, thin and triangular (Tab. 2, Fig. 11 ); 13 pectoral-fin rays; total gill rakers usually 25–31 ( Tab. 7); body depth 39–44%, caudal-peduncle depth 16–20%, second anal-spine length 17–21%, and pectoral-fin length 26–29% of standard length (Tab. 3).

Description. For general body shape see Figure 11 . Range of proportions (as percentage of standard length) in Table 3 with paratypes and non-type material in parentheses.

Dorsal fin VII(I)–I,9; anal fin II,8; pectoral fin usually 13-13; pelvic fin I,5; principal caudal rays 9+8; pored lateral-line scales 24; transverse scale rows above lateral line 2; transverse scale rows below lateral line 5–6; median predorsal scales 3; circumpeduncular scale rows 12 as 5+2+5; total gill rakers 28 (25–31), well developed 25 (23–29), upper arch 2+5 (0-2+5-7), lower arch 20+1 (18-20+0-1), second arch with shorter gill rakers 2+16.

Villiform teeth in several rows on the premaxilla; two rows on the dentary; one row on the palatine and vomer; none on ectopterygoid, endopterygoid or basihyal.

Vertebrae 10+14. Five free hypurals, one pair of slender uroneurals, three epurals, a free parhypural. Three supraneurals, two supernumerary spines on first dorsal pterygiophore. Basisphenoid present. Supramaxilla absent. Posttemporal serrate on posterior margin. Preopercle serrate on vertical and horizontal margins. Infraorbital shelf present on third bone.

Holotype with ctenoid scales on cheek, subopercle, opercle, nape, isthmus, cycloid at base of pectoral fin, ctenoid on rest of body, base of pelvic with missing scales, large scale missing exposing a small cycloid axillary scale. Pored lateral-line scales complete, fourth scale simple with a single pore above with a large anterior and a small central foramen and below main canal one exposed and one covered pore by a body scale ( Fig. 4E ). Base of pelvic fin with two large weakly ctenoid scales in paratypes and other material.

Etymology. The Latin word luxuria , meaning profusion, referring to the numerous pale bars. Treated as a noun in apposition.

Life colors. See Figure 6B . Head, body and fins without stripes; head with dark oblique cheek mark from eye to angle of preopercle, lachrymal and anterior infraorbital with yellowish mark, iris brownish with white inner ring; head and body bronze to brownish background with alternating pale and brown bars, center of brown bars commonly with narrow light region; caudal peduncle with a dark basicaudal mark mostly above pored lateral-line scales, fading or absent below pored lateral-line scales, partial pale region just anterior to peduncle mark; first dorsal fin with dusky membranes between spines II–IV, second dorsal, pectoral, pelvic anal and caudal fins pale except for yellowish edges to the second dorsal, anal and caudal fins, base of pectoral fin yellowish.

Preserved color pattern. Holotype: Head with darkish mark on lachrymal and anterior infraorbitals, well-defined dark angular cheek tapering to a point at preopercular ridge, rest of head without markings; body with alternating brownish and lighter bars from opercle flap to near posterior origin of second dorsal fin, darker area below second dorsal fin, caudal peduncle with dark bar above pored lateral-line scales; first dorsal fin dusky, pectoral fins pale, second dorsal fin, anal fin and pelvic fins all dusky to pale, caudal fin darkish on several of outer rays forming dark edges, interior of caudal fin pale ( Fig. 11 ); stomach and intestine blackish; roof of mouth and upper gill arches pale. Adults (Tab.2): wide, triangular subocular cheek mark behind upper jaw; first dorsal fin with dark membrane between spines 1–4; edges of caudal lobes dark; caudal peduncle with a incomplete dark, bar mostly above the lateral-line; no dark saddles on body; many alternating bars on side of body (7–13); stomach and intestine black; roof of mouth mostly pale with scattered tiny melanophores not extending onto gill arches. Juveniles: similar to the adults except the caudal mark extends below the lateral line and usually fewer bars.

Distribution. Known from the Maldive Islands eastward in the Indian Ocean and in the West Pacific to Mangareva Island ( Fig. 12 ). This species is usually taken in depths less than 11 m.

Remarks. Jordan and Seale (1906:240, fig. 33) illustrated this species from Apia, Western Samoa as Apogon savayensis . Kuiter and Kozawa (1999, p. 34, A–D) provide four color photographs as Apogon sp 20. None of the other species of Nectamia has as many pale body bars. Weber and de Beaufort (1929) listed Jordan and Seale’s A. savayensis as a questionable name in the synonymy of Apogon bandanensis .

Average gill-raker counts differ by 1–2.5 elements with geography ( Fig. 12 , Tab. 7). The broad range of gill-raker elements is a polymorphic character. The lowest average was found in the Philippino-Indonesian region. There were no obvious differences in preserved markings or in the available underwater photographs to suggest recognizing additional taxa. Examination of DNA variation may bring a finer focus to populations of Nectamia luxuria .

Nectamia savayensis has a similar dark caudal-peduncle mark above the lateral-line, colored edges on the caudal fin lobes but just a few variably faint pale body bars and a broad cheek mark. Nectamia luxuria has many pale bars on the body in life and preservation, yellow edges to the caudal fin in life, that become dark in preserved material and a narrow cheek mark. Robert Myers, personal communication, has not seen this species in Guam and I found no material from Guam which could be conclusively be identified as this species. It should occur in Guam.

This species has been taken at stations with one or more of the following species: Nectamia fusca (CAS 28511, 84087, 84103, 95967, 95984, FMNH 22031, 22036, SU 26650), N. savayensis (ANSP 12245, CAS 83800, USNM 112047, 261147, 261148, 261158), N. similis (USMN 112130, 112134, 112136, 171387, 213610, 261024) and N. viria (ANSP 77366, USNM 153237, 210960, 213111, 213127, 13128, 213341, 268256, 268271, 319149, 341619, 341627). Specimens (51–58 mm SL) in CAS 223761, SU 51220, ROM 54318 and USNM 171386 showed buccal enlargement, but no eggs were found. The 54 mm SL specimen in USNM 112183 had eggs in its mouth. The largest of the 1491 specimens was 77 mm SL.

Figures

FIGURE 3. Semi-diagrammatic drawings of the fourth lateral line scales from left side of body showing variation in the number of external peripheral pores. A. Nectamia fusca scale removed from body, USNM 139811, 60.2 mm SL. B. Nectamia viria, holotype USNM 319149, 57.4 mm SL, scale on body. C. Nectamia similus, holotype USNM 213123, 44.0 mm SL, scale on body. D. Ostorhinchus fleurieu, USNM 213216, 63 mm SL, scale on body. E. Nectamia luxuria, holotype, USNM 209644, 59.1 mm SL scale on body. F. Nectamia ignitops, holotype BPBM 21897, 68.1 mm SL, scale on body. Scale = 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 4. Comparison of the scales at the base of the pelvic spine for A. Nectamia fusca without an axillary scale, USNM 139811, 60.2 mm SL and B. Ostorhinchus fleurieu with an axillary scale, USNM 191794, 42.3 mm SL.

FIGURE 6. Underwater photographs of eight species of Nectamia. A. N. similis, new species, Calamian Is., Philippines, G. R. Allen. B. N. luxuria, new species, Andaman Sea, Thailand, U. Satapoomin. C. N. viria, new species, Raj Ampat, Indonesia, R. F. Myers. D. N. zebrinus, Red Sea, Egypt. R. F. Myers. E. N. annularis, Red Sea, Sudan, J. E. Randall. F. N. savayensis, Solomon Sea, Bougainville I., J. E. Randall G. N. bandanensis, Ogasawara Is., Japan, J. E. Randall. H. N. fusca, Red Sea, R. H. Kuiter.

FIGURE 11. Nectamia luxuria, holotype, USNM 209644, 59.1 mm SL, Indonesia, Ceram, Tandjung Liang, 10 Jan 1973, 0–7 m, Rumphius Exp. I, Sta. Li-1; VGS 73-6.

FIGURE 12. The distribution of collection sites for Nectamia luxuria with regional total gill raker averages.

FIGURE 18. A hypothesis for phylogenetic relationships within Nectamia based characteristics in Tables 12 and 13. One of six best trees retained based on a heuristic search using parsimony was identical to the 50% majority rule consensus of 6664 trees. All 11 characters of equal weight were parsimony-informative. Holapogon maximus was used as an outgroup.