Conus (Kalloconus) gulemani Erünal-Erentöz, 1958

Psarras, Christos, Koskeridou, Efterpi & Merle, Didier, 2021, Late Miocene Conidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Crete (Greece). Part 1: genera Conilithes Swainson, 1840 and Conus (Kalloconus) da Motta, 1991, Geodiversitas 43 (24), pp. 1309-1339 : 1328-1330

Conus (Kalloconus) gulemani Erünal-Erentöz, 1958

( Figs 19 , 20 ; Table 9)

Conus (Dentroconus) gulemani Erünal-Erentöz, 1958: 113 , pl. 18, figs 5-6.

Conus bitorosus – Caze et al. 2011a: 172, fig. 2L.

TYPE MATERIAL. — One syntype: MNHN.FA26722 ; three or four syntypes, MTA, Ankara. TYPE LOCALITY. — Zengen Köy S , Dereboğazi (Karaman Basin, Turkey). According to Landau et al. (2013) the localities of the Karaman Basin are Serravallian in age. STRATIGRAPHIC RANGE. — Serravallian (Karaman Basin, Turkey ( Landau et al. 2013) and Tortonian of Greece (Messara and Ierapetra Basins, Crete). MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Greece. Psalidha: two specimens AMPG(IV) 2663 , 2665 ; Tefeli: six specimens from AMPG(IV) 2676-2681 . Filippi: nine specimen AMPG(IV) 2664 , 2668-2675 ; Crete: two specimens ( MNHN.F. A72640 and MNHN.F. A72641 ). All of them display colour patterns under UV light .

SHELL DESCRIPTION

Small-to-medium-sized shells.Spire whorls weakly convex, with strongly coeloconoid outline on early whorls, that decreases on later whorls. Spire height low to moderate. Spire low ( Fig. 20D ) to moderately high ( Fig. 20E ). Suture impressed. Subsutural flexure shallow, weakly curved, moderately asymmetrical. Maximum diameter below rounded shoulder. Last spire whorl slightly inflated, convex not straight. Aperture curved, widening towards fasciole. Canal moderately wide, fasciole twisted, inflated.

DESCRIPTION OF COLOUR PATTERN

The colour pattern consists of one layer of a series of closely related, spiral rows of dashes ( Fig. 20B ), disrupted randomly by non-fluorescent dots or small dashes. The non-fluorescent dots are slightly wider than the fluorescent spiral rows. Sometimes the dots are axially aligned, creating a synchronous, vertical disruption of the spiral rows. The dots on the spiral rows are not constant in numbers or distances and can be multiple or few. This results in a variety of colour patterns, with shells having mostly spiral rows of elongated dashes with very few interruptions ( Fig. 20B ), to patterns with multiple disruptions, resembling series of short fluorescent dashes ( Fig. 20D ).

REMARKS

Erünal-Erentöz (1958) described Conus (Dendroconus) gulemani distinguishing it from the rest of her known Conidae by the relative narrower shoulder width, the coeloconoid spire whorls and the colour pattern of spiral dashes. One syntype stored in the MNHN (MNHN.F. A26722 ; Fig. 19 ) is very similar in morphology ( Table 9) and colour pattern to the Greek specimens ( Fig. 20 ). Therefore, we consider them conspecific with Conus (Kalloconus) gulemani .

Caze et al. (2011a) identified a specimen (MNHN.F.A30841) from Makrilia as Conus bitorosus Fontannes, 1880 . Conus bitorosus , however, has a straight conical spire whorl outline (see Fontannes 1880, pl. 8 fig. 12 and Sacco 1893b, pl. 10, fig.19), whereas Conus (Kalloconus) gulemani has clearly a coeloconoid spire outline. As such, we believe that the specimen of Caze et al. (2011a) belongs to Conus (Kalloconus) gulemani .

The colour pattern of this species is similar to species like Conus (Kalloconus) hungaricus Hoernes & Auinger, 1879 and Conus (Kalloconus) tietzei Hoernes & Auinger, 1879 , but both species differ from Conus (Kalloconus) gulemani by their shell morphology ( Fig. 21 ). Conus (Kalloconus) hungaricus has club shaped shells, wider relative diameter of the last whorl and conical spire whorls. Conus (Kalloconus) tietzei has a more angulated shoulder and straight last whorl, which is slightly more inflated in Conus (Kalloconus) gulemani . “ Dendroconus ” pyruloides var. planacutispira ( Sacco 1893a: pl. 1, fig. 27) is morphologically similar to our material, but it differs in the angle of the last whorl near the fasciole, a feature lacking in Conus (Kalloconus) gulemani . A species with an identical colour pattern, but with shorter spire whorls is Conus (Kalloconus) pseudonivifer Monteiro, Tenorio & Poppe, 2004 ( Monteiro et al. 2004), an extant species from the Cape Verde islands. Because of these similarities, both species seem to be closely related.

Figures

FIG. 19. — Syntype of Conus (Kalloconus) gulemani Erünal-ErentÖz, 1958, MNHN.FA26722 (Serravallian, Zengen KÖy S, Derebogazi, Karaman Basin, Turkey). Photos taken under natural light by J. Mouchart. Scale bar: 1 cm.

FIG. 20. — Conus (Kalloconus) gulemani Erünal-ErentÖz, 1958 from the Tortonian of Crete (Greece): A, AMPG(IV) 2672, Filippi: a large specimen showing fade colour pattern under UV light, with patches covered by bryozoan colonies; B, AMPG(IV) 2664, Filippi: a specimen with solid colour pattern of mostly spiral lines; C, AMPG(IV) 2674, Filippi: a small specimen with its last whorl intact, showing this species’ last whorl outline and subsutural flexure;D, AMPG(IV) 2675, Filippi: a specimen with clear colour pattern under normal and UV light, with clear axial non-fluorescent areas; E, MNHN.F.A30841 identified as Conus bitorosus by Caze et al. 2011a, Makrilia. Scale bars: 1 cm.

FIG. 21. — PCA graph with four species of Conus (Kalloconus) with similar colour pattern variations. Dots and area colors: ●, Conus (Kalloconus) hungaricus Hoernes & Auinger, 1879; ●, Conus (Kalloconus) tietzei Hoernes & Auinger, 1879; ●, Conus (Kalloconus) gulemani Erünal-ErentÖz, 1958; ●, Conus (Kalloconus) helladicus n. sp.; , best preserved specimens from both species described herein. Abbreviations: LW, length width ratio; RD, relative diameter; PMD, position of maximum diameter; RSH, relative height of spire.

Tables

TABLE 9. — Shell measurements and ratios of Conus (Kalloconus) gulemani Erünal-ErentÖz, 1958 from the Tortonian of Crete (Greece). Mean and standard deviation are computed from 19 specimens. The largest specimen is AMPG(IV) 2672.

	SL	MD	AH	HMD	AL	SA	LWA	LW	RD	PMD RSH		SSFD SSFd PV
Largest specimen	39.19 mm	25.8 mm	33.97 mm	26.82 mm	35.08 mm	123°	35°	1.52	0.76	0.79	0.13
Mean	28 mm	17.9 mm	25.5 mm	20.3 mm	25.7 mm	129.4° 43°		1.58	0.7	0.80	0.09	2.92	9.27	0.46
Standard deviation	5.56	4.09	5.1	4.07	5.29	11.53	4.43	0.1	0.04	0.03	0.03	1.11	2.95	0.14