Thoreyella, Bernardes & Schwertner & Grazia, 2009

Bernardes, Jorge L. C., Schwertner, Cristiano F. & Grazia, Jocélia, 2009, Cladistic analysis of Thoreyella and related genera (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Pentatominae: Procleticini), Zootaxa 2310, pp. 1-23 : 18

Genus Thoreyella (Clade B)

The monophyletic condition of Thoreyella was confirmed by the analysis, and was supported by three non-ambiguous synapomorphies: humeral angles not emarginated (81); lateral margins of the scutellum straight (141); and apex of the abdominal spine curved (241). Also, three homoplasies help to diagnose the genus: lobe of the posterior margin of the bucculae rounded (41), also found in L. peltifera ; lateral margins of propleura with two black macula (92), reversed to a black line (91) in T. brasiliensis + T. trinotata ; and posterior margin of the female segment VII excavate in “U” (251), reversed to the plesiomorphic condition (250) in T. trinotata .

The first dichotomy among the species of Thoreyella ( Fig. 54 ) was supported by one homoplastic character: besides Thoreyella sp. nov. 2, all other species of the genus have the surface of laterotergites 9 slightly convex (331) to strongly convex (332); the latter condition also supported the group L. peltifera + P. corniger + N. bruchii .

The clade T. cornuta + T. taurus share the dark sternum (151), a synapomorphic condition. Its sister group, the clade including Thoreyella sp. nov. 1+ T. brasiliensis + T. trinotata , shared three homoplasies: dorsal surface of the head convex (11) and lateral margin of the juga blackish (51), conditions also found in one of the outgroup taxa ( D. arizonensis ); and laterotergites 8 entirely concave, reversed to the plesiomorphic condition (340) in T. trinotata .

The dichotomy between Thoreyella sp. nov. 1 and the clade T. brasiliensis + T. trinotata was supported by one synapomorphic character: length of frena reaching basal ½ of the scutellum (131). Also, four homoplasies supported the sister group relationship of T. brasiliensis + T. trinotata : lateral margins of propleura lined in black (91), which is found in L. peltifera + P. corniger ; evaporative area not reaching the pseudo-suture of the metaepimerum (200), a reversal of the condition found in the basal node of the ingroup; vesica strongly sinuous (322), and laterotergites 9 strongly convex (332), conditions also supporting Clade A ( N. bruchii + L. peltifera + P. corniger ).

Just one of the diagnostic characters of Thoreyella pointed out by Rolston (1978, 1984), was confirmed as a synapomorphy: apex of abdominal spine curved (241). The ostiolar rugae acuminate (171), also pointed as diagnostic to Thoreyella ( Rolston 1978) , are shared by all the ingroup taxa. Other characteristics mentioned as diagnostic to Thoreyella ( Rolston 1978, Rider 1994) represented homoplastic characters or showed ambiguous reconstruction in the analysis, being dependent of the optimization procedures (see below).

Figures

FIGURE 54. Resulting cladogram of the cladistic analysis of Thoreyella and related genera. s: 71; ci: 0.73; ri: 0.80. (black circle = synapomorphy; white circle = homoplasy).