Kmentia festiva ( Fabricius, 1803 ) Stehlík, 2013

Stehlík, Jaroslav L., 2013, Review and reclassification of the Old World genus Physopelta (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Largidae), Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 53 (2), pp. 505-584 : 568-572

Kmentia festiva ( Fabricius, 1803) comb. nov.

( Figs 81–97 )

Lygaeus festiuus [sic!] Fabricius, 1803: 220 (description, distribution).

SYNTYPE (s): Guinea ( ZMUC: 1 spec., see ZIMSEN 1964 ).

Lygaeus festivus: ZIMSEN (1964) : 326 (types).

Pyrrhocoris festivus: BURMEISTER (1835) : 285 (note, new combination).

Physopelta festiva: STÅL (1868) : 79 (redescription, new combination, catalogue); STÅL (1870):101 (catalogue, distribution); WALKER (1873): 17–18 (key, description of female, catalogue, distribution); LETHIERRY & SEVERIN (1894): 242 (catalogue, distribution); HAGLUND (1895): 463 (distribution); AULMANN (1912): 120 (short diagnose, figure, distribution); SCHOUTEDEN (1913):246 (distribution); HUSSEY (1929):30 (catalogue); GOLDING (1927):97 (bionomics, distribution); BLÖTE (1931): 99 (distribution); MAYNÉ & GHESQUIÈRE (1934): 19 (bionomy, distribution); VILLIERS (1949):81 (distribution); VILLIERS (1951):40 (key); VILLIERS (1952a):120–121 (diagnosis, figure,ecology); VILLIERS (1952b): 1196 (distribution); SOUTHWOOD (1961): 115 (distribution, ecology); VILLIERS (1967): 370 (distribution); LESTON (1969): 225–227 (key, biology, ecology,host plant, distribution); GIBBS & LESTON (1970):528, 536 (ecology, distribution); DUVIARD (1974): 26–32 (morphology of female internal genitalia, biology, ecology); MEDLER (1980): 119 (checklist); LINNAVUORI (1988): 13 (distribution); ROBERTSON (2004):4–5 (key, catalogue, distribution); STEHLÍK & JINDRA (2008b): 30 (distribution); VOTÝPKA et al. (2012): 492 (distribution, parasites).

Material examined. ANGOLA: CABINDA: Landana, 1875, 1 ♂, P. Klein lgt., P. Kment det. ( MNHN). – CUANZA NORTE PROVINCE: Pango – Quibaxe, no date, 1 ♂, J. Ebert lgt. ( ZMUH); Salazar, I.I.A.A. [= Vila Salazar, currently N’dalatando], 9.–15. iii.1972, 1 ♂, Southern African Exp., P. Kment det. ( BMNH). – BENIN: Agoué, 1879, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Abbe Menager lgt., P. Kment det. ( MNHN) ; Attogon, 06°42′N 02°09′E, light trap, cultures, 3.–4.vii.2000, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, H. Perrin lgt. ( MNHN); Benin, no further data, 1 ♀ ( ZMUH) ; Benin, no furter data, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, F. Martiensen lgt. ( ZMUH) ; Cotonou, 27.v.1914, 1 ♂, W. A. Lamborn lgt. ( BMNH) ; Porto Novo env., 1908, 1 ♀, Waterlot lgt., P. Kment det. ( MNHN); 52 km N of Save , 21.vi.2001, 1 ♂, F. Kantner lgt. ( ZJPC) ; Zagnanado, no details, 1 ♂ l ♀, no collector ( BMNH); Moyen-Dahomey, Plateau de Zagnanado (saison de oranges et des tornades [= season of oranges and tornados]), iv.1910, 10 ♂♂ 6 ♀♀, P. Ducorps lgt., P. Kment det. ( MNHN). – CAMEROON: CENTRAL PROVINCE: Mont Fébé, 19.x.1967, 1♂ 1 ♀, L. Tsacas lgt., P. Kment det. ( MNHN) ; Station Yaoundé, iii.1897, 2 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀, v.1897, 2♂♂ 3 ♀♀, S. v. Carnop lgt. ( ZMHB) ; ditto, no date, 6 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀, S. v. Carnop lgt. ( ZMHB) ; south of Yaundé , no date, 3 ♀♀, Schubert lgt. ( ZMHB) ; Yaundé, N’Kolbisson, ix.1963, 1 ♂, L. G. Segers lgt. ( MRAC) ; ditto, vi.1966, 2 ♂♂, B. de Miré lgt. ( MNHN); Yaundé, st. de N’Kolbisson, 3.vii.1967, 1 ♂, B. de Miré lgt. ( MNHN); N’Kolbisson, vi.1966, 1 ♂, vi.1971, 1♂, both B.de Miré lgt. ( MNHN). – EAST PROVINCE: Doumé, no date, 3♂♂ 3♀♀, M.Cazal lgt., P.Kment det. ( MNHN) ; Sangmelina, Fulasi, 3 ♂♂ 1 ♀, Evans lgt. ( ZMHB) ; Batouri Distr. , 03°45′N 13°45′E, 1.–17.iii.1935, 4 ♂♂ 1 ♀; 1.–30.iii.1935, 6 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀; 19.iv.–3.v.1935, 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀ 4 larvae, F. G. Merfield lgt. ( BMNH) ; ditto, 750 m a.s.l., 1.v.–6.vi.1935, 3 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀ 15 larvae, F. G. Merfield lgt. ( BMNH). – NORTH PROVINCE: Basse-Bénoué [= Benue valley], Ibi, 1904, 1 ♂, Cap. Lenfant lgt., P. Kment det. ( MNHN) . – SOUTH- WEST PROVINCE: Mukonje near Kumba, 15.–18. and 23.–25.ii.1888, 1 ♂, S. G. Eissentraut lgt. ( ZMHB) ; Mukonje-Farm near Kumba am Mungo River, 2 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, R. Rohde lgt. ( ZMHB) ; Mundami, 1937, 3 ♀♀, R. Rohde lgt. ( MRAC) ; Limbé [former Victoria], 11 ♂♂ 12 ♀♀, no collector ( SMTD) ; ditto, no details, 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀ ( DEIC) ; ditto, no date, 1 ♀, S. Preuss lgt. ( ZMHB). – PROVINCE NOT IDENTIFIED: Dendeng, 16.iv.1914 ,1♂, no collector,P.Kment det.( BMNH). – CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC: BANGUI PROVINCE: Bangui, 1937, 1 ♂, Allin lgt., P. Kment det. ( MNHN) ; Bangui env., x.1969, 2 ♂♂ 6 ♀♀, R. Pujol lgt., P. Kment det. ( MNHN) ; Oubangi Chari, Bangui, i.–iii.1968, 2 ♂♂, coll. Breuning ( MRAC). – HAUT- MBOMOU PROVINCE: : Haut-Oubangi, Bessou (Mission), amont de [= above] Fort de Possel, Mission Chari-Tchad, 1904, 1♀, Dr. J. Decorse lgt., P. Kment det. ( MNHN). – KEMO- GRIBINGUI PROVINCE: Dar-Banda merid., Fort Sibut, no date, 1 ♀, E. de Bergevin coll. ( MNHN) ; Fort-Sibut, Haut-Chari, collection le moult [=?], no date, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, coll. E. de Bergevin, P. Kment det. ( MNHN). – LOBAYE PROVINCE: Boukoko, 16.ix.1965, 1 ♂, M. Boulard lgt. ( MNHN) ; Oubanghi Chari, M’Baiki, Boukoko, 1945, 1 ♂, M. Guillemat lgt. ( BMNH) ; Congo Moyen, Rég. de M’Baiki (Dr. Fidao), 1919, 1 ♀, Pitard lgt., P. Kment det. ( MNHN); LaMaboké, 23.ix.1965, 1 ♂, R. Pujol lgt.; 14.x.1972, 1 ♀, no collector ( MNHN) . – MBOMOU PROVINCE: : Talinga (Oubangui), no date, 1 ♂, G. Le Testu lgt. ( MNHN). – OMBELLA- MPOKO PROVINCE: 70 km NE of Bangui, 04°5l′ N 18°46′E, 430 m a.s.l., 8.iv.2010, 1♀, J. Halada lgt. ( ZJPC). – SANGHA- MBARE PROVINCE: Haute Sangha, no date, 2 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀ 1 spec., P. A. Ferriere lgt.; 1922, 1 ♀, Marcilhacy lgt., P. Kment det. ( MNHN) ; Haute Sangha (Carnot), ix.1908, 1 ♀, Dr. J. Kérandel lgt., P. Kment det. ( MNHN) ; Komassa, no date, 1 ♀, M. Boulard lgt., A. Villiers det. ( MNHN). – DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO: BAS- UELÉ: Bambesa, 26.i.1933, 1 ♂, J. Vrydagh lgt. ( ISNB) ; ditto, 15.x.1933, 1 ♂ 2♀♀, J. V. Leroy lgt. ( MRAC) ; ditto, i.–ii.1934, 1 ♀, H. J. Breda lgt. ( MRAC) ; ditto, 24.iv.1937, 1 ♂, 10.v.1937, 1 ♀, J. Vrydagh lgt. ( MRAC) ; ditto, 3.vi.1937, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, J. Vrydagh lgt. ( ISNB) ; ditto, 16.iv.1937, 1♂, 21.vii.1937, 1♀, J. Vrydagh lgt. ( MRAC) ; ditto, 1.ix.1937, 1♀, J. Vrydagh lgt. ( ISNB) ; Angu ,l. vi.1911, 1♂ 2♀♀, H. Schubitz lgt.( ZMUH) ; Dingila , 21.vi.1933, 1♀, 5.vii.1933, 1 ♂, J.V.Leroy lgt.( MRAC) ; ditto, 1.viii.1933, 1 ♂, l. viii.1933, 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, H. J. Breda lgt. ( MRAC) ; Mobwasa , x.1911, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, De Giorgi lgt. ( MRAC) ; Buta , 1911, 1 ♀, de Colonne lgt. ( MRAC) ; ditto, 1926, 1 ♀, R. Fr. Joseph lgt. ( MRAC) ; Bondo , 28.ii.1950, 1 ♂, R.P. Theunissen lgt.( MRAC) ; Tukpwo, viii.1938, 1 ♂, J.Vrydagh lgt.( MRAC). – EQUATEUR: Lukolela , 21.i.1930, 1♀, on cocoa, H.J. Breda lgt.( MRAC) ; Mbandaka , 10.xi.1931, 1♀, Lt.Dorman lgt.( MRAC) ; Eala, Inganda , 8.viii.1930, 3 ♂♂, J. Vrydagh lgt. ( MRAC) ; ditto, i.1935, 1 ♀, J. Ghesquière lgt. ( MRAC) ; Bamania, 1934, 1 ♂, R. P. Longinus lgt. ( MRAC). – HAUT- KATANGA: Lufira River , 19.ix.1907, 3,500 ft [= 1069 m a.s.l.], 1 ♂, S. A. Neave lgt. ( BMNH) ; Moera, Nianzu, 1935, 2♀♀, H. de Saeger lgt. ( MRAC). – HAUT- UELÉ: Rungu , 4.vii.1914, 1♀, Rodhain lgt. ( MRAC) ; Niangara , xi.1910, 2 ♂♂, Lang & Chapin lgt. ( AMNH) ; Medje , viii.–ix.1910, 2 ♀♀, v.1914, 1 ♂, vi.1914, 1 ♀, Lang & Chapin lgt. ( AMNH), Poko-Nala-Rungu, 1912, 1 ♂, Mne Hutereau lgt. ( MRAC) ; Yebo Moto, 1926, 4 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, L. Burgeon lgt. ( MRAC). – ITURI: Penge-Bamboli-Putnam, vi.1933, 1 ♀, no collector ( MRAC). – KONGO CENTRAL: Makaya Tete , 20.–30.xi.1915, 2 ♀♀, R. Mayné lgt. ( MRAC) ; Zobe , 4.–12.i.1916, 1 ♂, R. Mayné lgt. ( MRAC) ; Kaniati-Zobe , xii.1915, 5 ♂♂ 1 ♀, R. Mayné lgt. ( MRAC) ; Kaïka Zobe , x.1924, 2 ♂♂, A. Collart lgt. ( MRAC) ; Tschela , 13.–27.ii.1916, 6 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, 8.iii.1924, 3♀♀, 30.iii.1924, 1 ♀, A. Collart lgt. ( MRAC) ; Temvo, 1935, 1 ♂, Van Alstein lgt. ( MRAC) ; Mayumbe , vi.1936, 1♀, no collector ( ISNB) ; ditto, xi.1938, 1♀, no collector ( ISNB) ; Kungu , 25.xi.1923, 2 ♂♂, A. Collart lgt. ( MRAC) ; Ganda Sundi , 10.–15.vii.1911, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, R. Mayné lgt. ( MRAC) ; Luki , 15.i.1953, 1 ♂, Mne A. Van Alstein lgt. ( MRAC) ; Lokandu , xii.1939, 1 ♀, Lt. Vissers lgt. ( MRAC) ; Lukula , iv.1930, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, J. Slesckx lgt. ( MRAC) ; Camp de Lukula, Kinshasa, 1911, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Daniel lgt. ( MRAC). – LOMAMI: Kaniama , 1931, 1 ♂, 1932, 1 ♀, R. Massart lgt. ( MRAC). – LUALABA: 150–200 miles W of Kambove, 3,500 –4,500 ft [= 1069–1372 m a.s.l.], 10.x.1909, 1♀, S.A. Neave lgt.( BMNH) ; Kolwezi, 1961–1962, 1♂, Dr. V. Allart lgt. ( MRAC). – LULUA: River Kapelekese , ix.1933, 1 ♀, G. F. Overlaet lgt. ( MRAC) ; Kapanga , xi.1932, 1 ♀, F. G. Overlaet lgt. ( MRAC) ; ditto, v.1933, 1 ♂, F. G. Overlaet lgt. ( MRAC). – MONGALA: Terr. Lisala, Modjebo , 10.xi.1938, 7 ♂♂ 6 ♀♀, J. J. Deheyn lgt. ( MRAC) ; Lisala , 9.xi.1939, 3 ♀♀, Leontovitch lgt. ( MRAC) ; Yambata , 10.xii.1912, 1 ♂, R. Mayné lgt. ( MRAC) ; ditto, ii.–iii.1914, 1 ♀, De Georgi lgt. ( MRAC) ; Gbadolite , 1 ♀, Royaux lgt. ( MRAC) ; Molegbwe, 17.xii.1951, 1 ♀, R. P. Mostincks lgt. ( MRAC). – NORD- KIVU: Ituri forest, 26.iv.1930, 3,800 ft [= 1158 m a.s.l.], 1 ♀, Lord Howard de Walden Exped. ( BMNH) ; Beni, Ituri forest , 1 larva, T. H. E. Jackson lgt. ( BMNH) ; ditto, Beni , no date, 1 ♀, Lt. Borgerhoff lgt. ( MRAC) ; Terr.Beni, M’Bau, 1,200 m a.s.l., viii.1963, 1♂ 1♀, R. P.M. Celis lgt. ( MRAC). – NORD- UBANGI: Libenge , i.1937, 1 ♀, 24.iv.1937, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Leontovitch lgt. ( MRAC) ; ditto, 22.i.1947, 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, 4.ix.1947, 2 ♀♀, 23.ix.1947, 1 ♂, 25.ix.1947, 1 ♂, 9.x.1947, 2 ♂♂, 12.x.1947, 1 ♂, 13.x.1947, 2 ♂♂, 14.x.1947, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 21.x.1947, 1 ♂, 24.x.1947, 24 ♂♂ 22 ♀♀, 27.x.1947, 1 ♀, 4.xi.1947, 1 ♀, 13.xi.1947, 6 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀, 27.xi.1947, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 8.i.1948, 6 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀, 15.i.1948, 1 ♀, R. Cramer & N. Neuman lgt. ( ISNB) ; Libenge, Mission Mawuya , 22.i.1947, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 11.x.1947, 6 ♂♂ 12 ♀♀, 15.x.1947, 3 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 24.x.1947, 3 ♀♀, 30.x.1947, 7 ♀♀, 7.xi.1947, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 11.xi.1947, 6 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀, 8.xii.1947, 1 ♀, R. Cramer & N. Neuman lgt. ( ISNB) ; Motenge Boma , 2.xii.1947, 1 ♀, R. Cramer & N. Neuman lgt.( ISNB) ; Bili,2♂♂ 3♀♀, 14.iv.1954, Ch.Verbeke lgt.( ISNB).– TANGANYIKA: Bassin Lukuga, iv.–vii.1934, 2 ♀♀, De Saeger lgt. ( MRAC). – TSHOPO: Kisingani , iv.1926, 1 ♀, Lt. Ghesquière lgt. ( MRAC) ; ditto, vii.1930, 1 ♂, J. Colin lgt. ( MRAC) ; Yangambi, no date, 1♂, on haut herbier [= on tall herbs/plants], Lonis lgt. ( MRAC). – GABON: Bas-Ogoué, entre Lambaréné et la mer [= between Lambaréné and the sea] ; 1901, 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, E. Haug lgt., P. Kment det. ( MHNH) ; Crique-Tsini , 1914, 1 ♀, G. Favarel lgt. ( MNHN) ; Libreville, 1919, 1 ♀, Chalot lgt., coll. E. Fleutiaux, P. Kment det. ( MNHN). – GHANA: ASHANTI REGION: Ashanti , 7.v.1913, 2 ♀♀, A. E. Evans lgt. ( BMNH) ; Kumasi, U.S.T. Campus, 18.vi.1970, 3♀♀, I.Acheampon lgt.( AMNH). – CENTRAL REGION: Abrafo , Kakum NP, N 05°20′29.33″ E 01°22′57.58″, 3.viii.2009, 1 ♂, J. Votýpka lgt. ( NMPC). – EASTERN REGION: Tafo, 25.iv.1957, 1 ♂, 8.v.1957, 1 ♀, V. E. Eastop lgt. ( BMNH) ; ditto, 4.–9.x.1947, 1 ♀, T. Schuh lgt. ( AMNH). – GREATER ACCRA REGION: Akra [= Accra], 1 ♀, no collector ( ZMHB). – VOLTA REGION: Hohoe env., Wli, 3.–6.vi.2006, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, J. Rolčík lgt. ( MMBC). – WESTERN REGION: Takoradi, 29.ii.1966, 2 ♀♀, Kudler lgt. ( NMPC) ; ditto, 14.xi.1966, 1 ♂, Kudler lgt. ( ZJPC). – REGION NOT IDENTIFIED: Gold Coast, Abari, 1914-29, 1 ♂, W. H. Patterson lgt., P. Kment det. ( BMNH). – IVORY COAST: Adiopodoumé , no date, 2 ♂♂, Ledoux lgt., P. Kment det. ( MNHN) ; Bassin de la Moy. Sassandra [= basin of middle Sassandra river], Guidéko , 1907, 1 ♀, v.–vi.1907, 1 ♂, A. Chevalier lgt., P. Kment det. ( MNHN) ; Beoumi , 300 miles N of Grand Bassam, 25.xi.1922 – i.1923, 1 ♀, W. P. Lowe & H. R. Hardy lgt., 1 ♀ ( BMNH) ; Bouaké , xi.1947, 1 ♂, no collector ( ISNB) ; Haut [= upper] Sassandra, Pays Dyola entre Zonalé et Sanrou [= Dyola region between Zonalé and Sanrou] (F. Fleury ), v.1910, 2♀♀, A. Chevalier lgt., P.Kment det.( MNHN) ; Lamto , 5.–15.ii.1958, 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, iv.1968, 1 ♂, ix.1968, 1 ♀, i.1969, 1 ♀, Cl. Girard lgt., P. Kment det. ( MNHN) ; Lamto , piège lumineaux [= light trap], 27. ii.1968, 1 ♀, iv.1968, 1 ♂, 31.viii.1969, 1 ♀, Cl. Girard lgt., P. Kment det. ( MNHN) ; Lamto ( Taumodi ), 10.iv.1964, 1 ♀, at light, no collector ( MMBC) ; ditto, 17.v.1965, 1 ♀, R. Vuattoux lgt. ( MNHN) ; ditto, iv.1968, 1 ♂, Cl. Girard lgt. ( MNHN) ; N’zida, no date, 1 ♂, P.Lepesme lgt. ( MNHN). Ivory Coast, no further data, 1♀ ( DEIC).– KENYA: ‘ Kenya Colony’, 1 ♀, Škulina lgt. ( NMPC). – MALAWI: Mlanje [= Mulanje Mt.], iii.1913, 1 ♂, 3.iii.1913, 4 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, 5.iii.1913, 1 ♂ 4 ♀♀, S. A. Neave lgt. ( BMNH) ; Ruo Valley, 2,000 ft [= 610 m a.s.l.], 14.xii.1913, 5 ♂♂ 1 ♀, S. A. Neave lgt. ( BMNH). – MOZAMBIQUE: NANPULA PROVINCE: Mutuali, 1 ♀, Castel Branco lgt. ( BMNH). – NIGER: NIAMEY PROVINCE: Abutshi, on Niger River (formerly Royal Niger Company Station ), 1♂, coll. Schouteden ( MRAC). – NIGERIA: NIGER STATE: Minna, ix.1910, 1 ♀, J. W. Scott-Macfie lgt. ( BMNH). – KOGI STATE: N. Nigeria, on Niger [river], Benua [= Benue], 21.ix1910, 1911-284, 1 ♀, P.A. Talbot lgt. ( BMNH). – LAGOS STATE: Lagos, no date, 1 ♂, coll. Distant, P. Kment det. ( BMNH) ; Ondo, Lagos, 2.iv.1910, 1 ♀, A. B. S. Powell lgt. ( BMNH). – REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO: Région d’Ouesso , Bassin N’Goko-Sanga , 1906, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Dr. Gravot lgt., J. Lhoste & D. Pluot det. ( MNHN) ; Sibiti, Mission A.Descarpentries et A.Villiers 1963–1964, xi.1963, 1♂, A. Descarpentries &A. Villiers lgt., A. Villiers det. ( MNHN). – SIERRA LEONE: Bo , 1.ix.1912, 1 ♀, J. J. Simpson lgt., P. Kment det. ( BMNH) ; Tikonko , 31.viii.1912, 1 ♀, J. J. Simpson lgt., P. Kment det. ( BMNH). – TANZANIA: Tanzania, no further data, 1 ♂ ( DEIC). – TOGO: Togo, no further data,1♂ ( DEIC) ; ditto, no further data, 20.xii.1900, 1♂ 1♀, M.Otto lgt. ( ZMUH). – UGANDA: BULISA / MASINDI PROVINCE: Budongo Forest, Bunyoro, iv.–v.1954, 1 ♀, V. G. L. van Sommeren lgt., P. Kment det. ( BMNH). – BUNGIBUGYO PROVINCE: Bwamba valley , vii.1945, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, v.1954, 1 ♀, van Someren lgt. ( BMNH) ; Bwamba, vii.–viii.1946, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, van Someren lgt. ( BMNH, NMPC). – MASAKA PROVINCE: Katera, Sango Bay , Masaka , xi.1956, 1 ♂, T. H. E. Jackson lgt. ( BMNH) ; Katera Forest, Masaka, x.–xi.1953, 1♂, V. G. L. van Sommeren lgt., P. Kment det. ( BMNH). – MUCAN PROVINCE: Mabira forest , Changwe , 3,500 –3,800 ft [= 1067–1158 m a.s.l.], 16.–25.vii.1911, 1 larva, S. A. Neave lgt. ( BMNH).

Biology. According to LESTON (1969), it is a common species of food- and cocoa-farms in Ghana, being widespread within the forest zone and occasionally very abundant. Most localities may be defined as farmbush, which includes the edges of farms, early fallow after food-farming operation, and the more mature regeneration stage usually styled secondary forest. However, it was also collected in the coastal shrub belt and even dry coastal grassland in Ghana ( LESTON 1969). According to MAYNÉ & GHESQUIÈRE (1934), the species is common at Mayumbe ( Democratic Republic of Congo) in fields of sweet potatos, less frequently in cotton fields. GOLDING (1927) reported adults feeding on fruits of Mallotus oppositifolius (Euphorbiaceae) at Ibadan, Nigeria, in October (larvae were not observed). The species is often abundant on the same host plant in Ghana too, where the larvae and adults feed on the small green fruits, their warning coloration making them easily spotted. However, according to MAYNÉ & GHESQUIÈRE (1934), the species is zoophytophagous (in original as régime mixte), attacking various Hemiptera . AULMANN (1912) collected it frequently together with species of the genus Dysdercus Guérin-Méneville, 1831 (Pyrrhocoridae) . LESTON (1969) noted the common co-occurrence of K. festiva with Ph. analis and Ph. melanoptera , all three species exploiting the same parts of the same host plant at the same time. In Ghana, adults of K. festiva have been captured in every month of the year, but abundance varies greatly ( LESTON 1969). SOUTHWOOD (1961) recorded K. festiva from an ultra-violet light trap at Tafo, Ghana, operated in March and April. According to LESTON (1969), adults mate in Ghana at least between early March and mid-April (and perhaps from January on); the new generation is responsible for the light trap peak: this suggest large-scale movement of the new adults ( LESTON 1969, GIBBS & LESTON 1970). Larvae are seldomly seen after the end of May. The adults probably survive until about next March, and they are probably mainly diurnal in habits. Arrivals to light take place between 19.00 hours and midnight. The warning colouration pattern is efficient in so far as large feeding aggregations occur, but K. festiva is preyed upon by a large, green mantid species, Sphodromantis lineola (Burmeister, 1838) ( LESTON 1969) . The flight activity and its relationship with development of internal female reproductive organs was studies in Ivory Coast by DUVIARD (1975).

Distribution. Angola (new record), Benin ( VILLIERS 1952b; this paper), Cameroon ( AULMANN 1912, HAGLUND 1895, BLÖTE 1931, ROBERTSON 2004; this paper), Central African Republic ( LINNAVUORI 1988, ROBERTSON 2004; this paper), Democratic Republic of the Congo (SCHOUTEDEN 1913, MAYNÉ & GHESQUIÈRE 1934; this paper), Gabon (new record), Ghana ( SOUTHWOOD 1961, LESTON 1969, ROBERTSON 2004, VOTÝPKA et al. 2012; this paper), Guinea ( FABRICIUS 1803, BLÖTE 1931, ROBERTSON 2004), Ivory Coast ( VILLIERS 1949, DUVIARD 1975, LINNAVUORI 1988, ROBERTSON 2004; this paper), Kenya (new record), Malawi (new record), Mozambique (new record), Niger (new record), Nigeria ( WALKER 1873, MEDLER 1980, LINNAVUORI 1988, ROBERTSON 2004; this paper), Republic of the Congo ( VILLIERS 1967, ROBERTSON 2004; this paper), Sierra Leone (new record), Tanzania (new record), Togo ( VILLIERS 1952b; this paper), Uganda ( ROBERTSON 2004, no details; this paper), Zambia ( STEHLÍK & JINDRA 2008b).

Figures

Figs 81–84.Kmentia festiva (Fabricius, 1803), male.81 – fore coxae and trochanters (magnification 47×); 82 – detail of procoxa and protrochanter (70×); 83 – ventral surface of profemur (32×); 84 – detail of peritreme (150×). Scale bars: 0.2 mm (Fig. 84), 0.5 mm (Figs 81–83). (SEM micrographs: P. Kment).

Figs 85–92. Kmentia festiva (Fabricius, 1803), male. 85–88 – pygophore: 85 – intact, dorso-posterior view (magnification 50×), 86 – dissected, dorsal view (55×), 87 – intact, posterior view (50×), 88 – intact, lateral view (60×). 89–92 – paramere (different orientations; 150×). Scale bars: 0.2 mm (Figs 89–92), 0.5 mm (Figs 85–88). (SEM micrographs: P. Kment).

Figs 93–98. Kmentia festiva (Fabricius, 1803). 93 – female; 94 – male; 95–96 – fore leg (95 – large male, 96 – small male); 97 – ventral surface of profemur. 98 – Physopelta (Neophysopelta) gutta gutta (Burmeister, 1834), ventral surface of profemur. (Photos: L. Dembický).