Buzyges idothea Godman, 1900

Austin, George T. & Warren, Andrew D., 2009, New looks at and for Onespa, Buzyges, and Librita (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae), with new combinations and descriptions of a new genus and six new species, Insecta Mundi 2009 (89), pp. 1-55 : 17-21

Buzyges idothea Godman, 1900

( Fig. 19-24 , 67 , 79 , 90 )

Buzyges idothea Godman, 1900 . Type locality: COSTA RICA, Rio Sucio, Irazu; holotype male ( Fig. 19-20 ) in Godman and Salvin collection at BMNH.

Description. Male ( Fig. 19-22 ) - mean forewing length = 15.2 mm (14.8-15.6 mm, n=7; from Costa Rica); forewing apex pointed, termen convex; hindwing termen convex cephalad, slightly concave caudad before short tornal lobe; dorsum very dark brown (nearly black); dorsal forewing with no stigma or brand; yellow-orange overscaling in costal cell, distad in cell Sc-R 1, base of costal cell, and cell Sc-R 1 overscaled with red-orange, yellow-orange overscaling in 2nd 1/4 from base in anal cell; opaque yellow-orange subapi- cal macules in R 3 -R 4, R 4 -R 5, and R 5 -M 1, all more or less rectangular, divided by brown veins, that in R 5 -M 1 largest; postmedial opaque yellow-orange macules near bases of cells M 2 -M 3 (small and ill-defined) and M 3 - CuA 1 (rectangular); medial yellow-orange macule in discal cell, doubled but undivided, rectangular anterior portion about 2/3 width of and completely overlapped by posterior portion, these conjoined with and overlapped by yellow-orange macules in CuA 1 -CuA 2 and CuA 2 -2A, that in CuA 1 -CuA 2 largest, proximal edge in line with proximal edge of macule in discal cell and extending distad of that macule but not overlapping macule in M 3 -CuA 1, that in CuA 2 -2A decreasing in width caudad and not reaching vein 2A but with sparse orange overscaling extending proximad from proximocaudal corner to overlap overscaling in anal cell; fringe mixture of orange and pale brown scales.

Dorsal hindwing grayish along costal margin; overscaled with grayish (proximad) and pale orange setiform scales from mid-discal cell caudad beyond vein 2A, extending nearly to termen along vein 2A; opaque yellow-orange postmedial macules in Rs-M 1, M 1 -M 3, M 3 -CuA 1, and CuA 1 -CuA 2, that in Rs-M 1 more or less trapezoidal mixed with dark brown scales cephalad, that in M 1 -M 3 largest, more or less quadrate, that in M 3 -CuA 1 quadrate, overlapped completely by macule in M 1 -M 3, that in CuA 1 -CuA 2 extending caudad about 1/2 cell width and completely overlapped by macule in M 3 -CuA 1; yellow-orange macule at distal end of discal cell; fringe entirely orange.

Ventral forewing red-brown in costal and subcostal cells (latter overscaled with black), at distal end of discal cell, and at apex distad of end of discal cell to vein M 3, then narrowing to vein CuA 2; veins at distal end of discal cell black; macules of dorsum repeated but yellower, subapical macules and postmedial macule in M 2 -M 3 overscaled with red-brown; remainder of wing black; fringe red-brown, dull yelloworange distad caudad of vein CuA 2.

Ventral hindwing mottled red-brown and tan, palest beneath postmedial macules; tan in costal cell except for red-brown costal margin, proximal and postmedial in Sc+R 1 -Rs, and marginal in M 3 -CuA 1, CuA 1 -CuA 2, and CuA 2 -2A; posterior CuA 2 -2A and anterior 2A-3A black, sparsely overscaled with tan; minute dark red-brown to black macule in base of M 1 -M 3, at and frequently straddling veins at origin of M 1; fringe red-brown, pale orange caudad of CuA 2.

Dorsal head brown with orange overscaling; palpi mixture of largely pale gray-brown with greenish iridescence, red-brown caudad, and a few black scales, becoming slightly paler on sides and venter, inner surface dark gray, 3rd segment black, stout, slightly exceeding scales of 2nd segment; antennae very long (63% of costal length), entirely black on dorsum, venter black checked with yellow, the yellow broadening distad, club relatively long (37% of length of shaft), shining yellow (showing metallic green iridescence in sunlight), nudum red-brown, distal segment brown, 11 (n=2) or 12 (n=2) segments; dorsal thorax black with ochreous and iridescent greenish setiform scales centrally, red-brown setiform scales laterad; ventral thorax black, overscaled with ochreous setiform scales, pectus pale ochreous, legs red-brown distad, black proximad with long ochreous setiform scales, protibia smooth, red-brown epiphysis short, reaching junction with tarsus, mesotibia spined, single pair of spurs, outer 2/3 length of inner, metatibia spined, two pairs of spurs, outer about 3/4 length of inner; dorsal abdomen black overscaled with ochreous setiform scales, caudal end yellow-orange; ventral abdomen yellow-orange.

Genitalia ( Fig. 67 , 79 ) - uncus short, weakly hooked caudad in lateral view, entire and narrowing to bluntly pointed caudal end in dorsal view; gnathos robust, well-separated from and shorter than uncus in lateral view, divided with arms slender, widely apart cephalad and approaching caudad in ventral view; tegumen narrow in lateral view, narrow in dorsal view and flaring cephalad, ventral arm combining with dorsal arm of saccus, this combined structure bent ventrad of its middle; anterior arm of saccus moderately long and thin, straight, about length of uncus and dorsal portion of tegumen, moderately broad caudad in ventral view, narrowing gradually to point cephalad; valva simple, no differentiation between costa and ampulla, latter produced dorsally to small pointed triangular process near juncture with harpe, harpe curved and produced caudad to another small and pointed triangular processs, sacculus narrow, ventral edge of valva prominently concave cephalad of middle; aedeagus straight, stout, about 1.4 times length of valva, caudal end slightly expanded, sharply and caudally pointed triangular titillator on right side caudad; vesica with cornuti including a small and lightly sclerotized flexible spinulose pad, a heavily sclerotized thorn-like structure, and a long heavily sclerotized and sharply pointed spike.

Female ( Fig. 23-24 ) - forewing length = 15.3, 15.8 mm (n=2, from Costa Rica); forewing apex pointed, termen convex; hindwing termen convex cephalad, slightly concave caudad before short tornal lobe; dorsum very dark brown (nearly black); dorsal forewing with sparse yellow-orange overscaling in costal cell and distad in cell Sc-R 1, yellow-orange overscaling in middle 1/2 of anal cell; translucent white subapical macules in R 3 -R 4, R 4 -R 5, and R 5 -M 1, all more or less rectangular, that in R 5 -M 1 largest; rectangular postmedial opaque pale yellow-orange macule near base of M 3 -CuA 1; medial opaque yellow-orange macule in discal cell, doubled but undivided, rectangular anterior portion about 3/4 width of and completely overlapped by posterior portion, these overlapped by opaque yellow-orange macules in CuA 1 -CuA 2 and CuA 2 - 2A, that in CuA 1 -CuA 2 largest, proximal edge in line with distal edge of macule in discal cell but not overlapping macule in M 3 -CuA 1, that in CuA 2 -2A decreasing in width caudad and not reaching vein 2A but with sparse orange overscaling extending proximad from proximocaudal corner to overlap overscaling in anal cell; all macules on forewing divided by brown veins; fringe dull olive to vein CuA 2, then dull pale orange to tornus.

Dorsal hindwing grayish along costal margin; overscaled with grayish (proximad) and pale orange setiform scales from mid-discal cell caudad beyond vein 2A, nearly to termen along vein 2A; opaque yellow-orange (not as pale as on forewing) postmedial macules in Rs-M 1, M 1 -M 3, and M 3 -CuA 1, that in Rs- M 1 vague and mixed with dark brown scales, that in M 1 -M 3 largest, more or less quadrate, that in M 3 - CuA 1 quadrate, overlapped completely by macule in M 1 -M 3; macules all divided by brown veins; a few yellow-orange scales at distal end of discal cell; fringe pale orange.

Ventral forewing red-brown in costal and subcostal cells (latter overscaled with black), at distal end of discal cell, and at apex distad of end of discal cell to vein M 2, then narrowing to vein CuA 2; veins at distal end of discal cell black; macules of dorsum repeated but yellower, subapical macules white, not overscaled as on male; remainder of wing black except brown distad in CuA 2 -2A and in anal cell; fringe red-brown, dull yellow-orange distad caudad of vein CuA

2

.

Ventral hindwing mottled red-brown and tan, palest beneath postmedial macules; costal cell mostly tan except for red-brown costal margin, tan proximad and postmedial in Sc+R 1 -Rs, and marginal in M 3 - CuA 1, CuA 1 -CuA 2, and CuA 2 -2A; posterior CuA 2 -2A and anterior 2A-3A black, sparsely overscaled with tan; minute dark red-brown macule in base of M 1 -M 3 at origin of M 1; fringe red-brown, pale orange caudad of CuA

2

.

Dorsal head brown; palpi largely ochreous-red with greenish iridescence caudad on dorsum and a few black scales, ochreous on sides and venter, inner surface blackish, 3rd segment brown, stout, slightly exceeding scales of 2nd segment; antennae 55% of costal length, entirely black on dorsum, venter black checked with pale yellow, the yellow broadening distad, club long (44% of length of shaft), pale yellow except distad on dorsum, nudum red-brown, distal segment brown, 11 segments (n=2); thorax badly rubbed, pectus ochreous; legs yellow-orange distad, brown proximad clothed with setiform scales especially dense and long on metafemur, protibia smooth, red-brown epiphysis short, reaching junction with tarsus, mesotibia spined, one pair of spurs, outer about 2/3 length of inner, metatibia spined, two pairs of spurs, outer about 2/3 length of inner; dorsal abdomen dark brown with long setiform scales cephalad; ventral abdomen rubbed, perhaps ochreous.

Genitalia ( Fig. 90 ) - lamellae more or less quadrate, caudal edge of lamella postvaginalis excavate centrally into narrow and shallow U-shape, lamella antevaginalis narrower than lamella postvaginalis, shallowly excavate centrally, ostium bursae about twice as broad as deep; ductus bursae sclerotized, broad in ventral view and relatively long (2.1 mm including antrum), slightly constricted in middle, relatively straight in ventral view, slightly curved dorsad in lateral view; corpus bursae broad, about 2 times as long as broad, prominently wrinkled transversely caudad, indistinctly wrinkled longitudinally cephalad.

Specimens examined. COSTA RICA: Irazu , 6-7000’, leg. H. Rogers (holotype male; BMNH) ; COSTA RICA: Alajuela Province; Volcan Poas, The Antennas Rd. , 2500-2600m, 25 September 2007, leg. I. & M. Nakamura (2 males; INIC) ; COSTA RICA: Cartago Province; Ruta 2, km 40, Finca Las Clavales (circa Casamata ), 10 September 1986, leg. G. & A. Austin (3 males, SRS #3753, 1 female, SRS #3754; MGCL) ; Cartago, 1899, leg. Underwood (1 male, ADW #97-102 [ BMNH 4429 ]) ; Cartago, leg. Underwood (1 female, ADW #97-103 [ BMNH 4430 ]) ; COSTA RICA: Heredia Province; Monte de la Cruz , 2011m, 10 o 05’08”N, 84 o 05’14”W, 25 February 2004, leg. I. Nakamura (2 males; INIC) ; COSTA RICA: Puntarenas Province; Monteverde , 1400m, 9 March 1998, leg. W. A. Haber (1 male; ADWC) ; COSTA RICA: Puntarenas Province; Monte Verde Preserve , 19 May 1985, leg. P. A. Opler (1 female; ADWC) ; COSTA RICA: San José Province; Ruta 2, km 105, 26 December 1984, leg. G. T. Austin (3 males; MGCL) ; COSTA RICA: San José Province; San Gerardo de Dota, 2000-2300m, Cordillera Talamanca , 9 o 32’56”N, 83 o 49’47”W, 10 March 2004, leg. I. Nakamura & K. Nishida (3 males, 1 female; INIC), same locality and collectors, 18 April 2006 (1 male; INIC), same locality, 14 March 2004, leg. I. Nakamura (1 male; INIC) ; COSTA RICA: San José Province; Reserva Forestal la Trocha, 1740- 1700m, above Cascajal do Coronado , 10 o 01’17”N, 83 o 55’02”W, 20 April 2006, leg. I. Nakamura (3 males; INIC) .

Distribution and phenology. This species is known only from Costa Rica at elevations above 1400m ( Godman and Salvin 1879 -1901, Evans 1955, this study). Specimens here examined suggest a flight through much of the year, but perhaps concentrated from February through May.

Discussion. Further consideration of B. idothea will be presented below in the context of the entire genus.

Figures

Figure 19-36. Buzyges (full data in text; ds = dorsal surface, vs = ventral surface; scale bar = 10 mm). 19) B. idothea, holotype male, Costa Rica, ds; 20) same, vs; 21) B. idothea, male, Costa Rica, 10 March 2004, ds; 22) same, vs; 23) B. idothea, female, Costa Rica, 10 March 2004, ds; 24) same, vs; 25) B. rolla, male, Panama, 26 August 1976, ds; 26) same, vs; 27) B. rolla, female, Panama, 26 December 1969, ds; 28) same, vs; 29) B. benito, holotype male, Jalisco, Mexico, ds; 30) same, vs; 31) B. benito, male, Oaxaca, Mexico, 24 October 2008, ds; 32) same, vs; 33) B. mellanaformis, holotype male, Costa Rica, 13 June 2005, ds; 34) same, vs; 35) B. mellanaformis, paratype female, Costa Rica, 23 October 2006, ds; 36) same, vs.

Figure 67-70. Male genitalia of Buzyges (full data in text; shown are lateral view of uncus, gnathos, tegumen, and saccus; dorsal view of uncus and tegumen; ventral view of gnathos uncus; internal view of right valva; ventral view of saccus; ventral, dorsal, right lateral and/or left lateral views of aedeagus; scale bar = 1 mm). 67) B. idothea, Costa Rica (ADW #97-102); 68) B. rolla, Costa Rica (GTA #14055); 69) B. benito, Oaxaca, Mexico (SRS #4468); 70) B. mellanaformis, Costa Rica, paratype (GTA #14031).

Figure 75-86. Rigid cornuti of Onespa, Buzyges, Librita, and Neposa (full data in text; shown are lateral and dorsal views). 75) O. nubis, El Salvador (SRS #4803); 76) O. gala, Michoacán, Mexico (GTA #14065); 77) O. brockorum, Sonora, Mexico, paratype (SRS #1852); 78) O. nakamura, Costa Rica, holotype (GTA #14033); 79) B. idothea, Costa Rica (ADW #97-102); 80) B. rolla, Costa Rica (GTA #14055); 81) B. benito, Oaxaca, Mexico (SRS #4468); 82) B. mellanaformis, Costa Rica, paratype (GTA #14031); 83) L. librita, Veracruz, Mexico (GTA #14135); 84) N. heras, Guerrero, Mexico (ADW #97-112); 85) N. armandoi, Oaxaca, Mexico, holotype (GTA #14143); 86) N. isabelae, Guatemala, paratype (ADW #98-15).

Figure 90-92. Female genitalia of Buzyges (full data in text; shown are left lateral and ventral views; scale bar = 1 mm). 90) B. idothea, Costa Rica (SRS #3754); 91) B. rolla, Costa Rica (GTA #14057); 92) B. mellanaformis, Costa Rica, paratype (GTA #14058).