Oedothorax gibbosus, (BLACKWALL, 1841)

Lin, Shou-Wang, Lopardo, Lara & Uhl, Gabriele, 2022, Evolution of nuptial-gift-related male prosomal structures: taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of the genus Oedothorax (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Erigoninae), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 195, pp. 417-584 : 428-434

OEDOTHORAX GIBBOSUS ( BLACKWALL, 1841)

( FIGS 6 , 7O , 8A , 9A; SUPPORTING INFORMATION, FIG. S1A )

Neriene gibbosa Blackwall, 1841: 653 (Dmf) .

Neriene tuberosa Blackwall, 1841: 654 (Dm) .

Argus gibbosus Walckenaer, 1847: 513 .

Argus tuberosus Walckenaer, 1847: 514 .

Neriene tuberosa Blackwall, 1864: 279 , pl. 19, fig. 192 (m).

Erigone tuberosa Thorell, 1873: 447 .

Neriene gibbosa O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873: 455 , pl. 34, fig. 20.

Erigone henkingi Dahl, 1883: 49 , figs 29, 30 (Dm).

Gongylidium gibbosum Simon, 1884: 489 , figs 270–272 (mf).

Gongylidium tuberosum Simon, 1884: 490 , figs 273– 275 (m, Df).

Neriene henkingi Dahl, 1886: 88 .

Neriene gibbosa Simon, 1894: 666 , fig. 720 (m).

Kulczynskiellum gibbosum F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1895: 39 .

Gongylidium gibbosum Becker, 1896: 86 , pl. 9, fig. 7K (mf).

Kulczynskiellum tuberosum Bösenberg, 1902: 171 , pl. 15, fig. 232 (mf).

Oedothorax gibbosus Bösenberg, 1902: 213 , pl. 19, fig. 300 (mf). Stylothorax gibbosa Reimoser, 1919: 72 .

Stylothorax henkingi Reimoser, 1919: 72 .

Stylothorax tuberosa Reimoser, 1919: 73 .

Oedothorax gibbosus Simon, 1926: 451 , 522, fig. 785 (mf).

Oedothorax tuberosus Simon, 1926: 452 , 522.

Oedothorax gibbosus Bishop & Crosby, 1935: 264 , pl. 22, figs 70–73 (mf).

Oedothorax gibbosus Denis, 1947: 138 , figs 6A, 7A, 8A, 9F, 10G, H, 11F (mf). Oedothorax tuberosus Denis, 1947: 138 , figs 1A, 6B, C, 7B, 8B, 9G, 10I–K, 11G (mf).

Oedothorax gibbosus Locket & Millidge, 1953: 239 , figs 145A, 146A, G, H (mf).

Oedothorax tuberosus Locket & Millidge, 1953: 239 , figs 145A, 146B, G, H (mf).

Oedothorax tuberosus Wiehle, 1960a: 454 , figs 835–842 (mf).

Oedothorax tuberosus Tystshenko, 1971: 251 , fig. 829 (f).

Oedothorax tuberosus Miller, 1971: 262 , pl. LIV, figs 4–6 (f).

Oedothorax gibbosus Palmgren, 1976: 89 , figs 8.9–12, 14, 15 (mf).

Oedothorax tuberosus Palmgren, 1976: 89 , figs 8.9, 13–15 (f).

Oedothorax gibbosus Růžička, 1978: 195 , fig. 8H, I (f).

Oedothorax gibbosus Bosmans, 1985: 65 , figs 11, 25, 31 (m).

Oedothorax gibbosus Roberts, 1987: 57 , figs 21E, 22B (mf).

Oedothorax gibbosus tuberosus Roberts, 1987: 57 , fig. 21F–g (downgraded to ‘form’).

Oedothorax gibbosus de Keer & Maelfait, 1988: 3 .

Oedothorax gibbosus Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 224 , fig. 601 (mf).

Oedothorax gibbosus Hormiga, 2000: 48 , figs 21A–G, pl. 49A–F, 50A–F, 51A–F (mf).

Oedothorax gibbosus Tanasevitch, 2015: 382 , figs 1, 2 (m).

Oedothorax gibbosus Russell-Smith, 2016: 22 , fig. 1 (f).

Type material: In Blackwall’s description (1841), 2♂ of gibbosus morph, 1♂ of tuberosus morph and 5♀ were found under stones in a moist pasture in Oakland, United Kingdom, in May 1838 [individual number according to Walckenaer (1847)], but no type designation was made, nor does any reference provide information about where the types might have been deposited. Nevertheless, the unique prosomal modification of the gibbosus morph described in the original description makes the identification of specimens in this study unequivocal. Subsequently, the identical palpal morphology confirmed the conspecificity of examined tuberosus morph with the gibbosus morph ( Roberts, 1987).

Examined material: Denmark: Øjesø, near Feldballe (56°17’ N, 10°36’ E), 6♂ 4♀ 19.v.1997, leg. Peter Gejdos ( ZMUC 00008860 ) ; Ulvshale Skov, toward Skovbund , 3♂ 6♀ 12.x.2002, leg. J. Peterson, det. N, Scharff, 2002 ( ZMUS 00007790 ) . England: Cambridgeshire, Wicken Fen , 2♂ 18.–22.v.1957, leg. D. J. Clark ( NHM) . Wales: Merionethshire, Dolgelly , 1♂ 8.vi.1954, coll. D. J. Clark, det. G. H. Locket ( NHM) .

Diagnosis:

Males: This species has two male morphs. The gibbosus - morph can be identified by the shape of post-ocular groove and hump, not divided into three lobes on the anterior side as in Oe. trilobatus ; the groove is equipped with dense setae as in Oe. trilobatus , absent in the Mitrager species with post-ocular groove. The tuberosus -morph does not possess a post-ocular groove, and the prosoma is elevated at the position of the fovea, distinguishing it from other Oedothorax s.s. species. The bifid palpal tibial prolateral apophysis and the absence of basal thorn distinguish this species from other Oedothorax s.s. species.

Females: Can be distinguished from other Oedothorax s.s. species by the epigynal general configuration and number of sub-AME setae (one; two in Oe. fuscus, Oe. agrestis, Oe. meridionalis and Oe. tingitanus ). Distinguished from Oe. agrestis, Oe. apicatus, Oe. fuscus, Oe. gibbifer, Oe. tingitanus and Oe. retusus by the more convergent ventral plate borders. Distinguished from Oe. meridionalis by not having a wide chamber at the entrances of the copulatory ducts ( Fig. 6F , in comparison to Fig. 10F ); from Oe. paludigena by the narrower posterior margin of the dorsal plate; from Oe. trilobatus by the much shorter copulatory ducts.

Description:

Male, tuberosus-morph ( ZMUC 00007790): Total length: 2.37. Prosoma: 1.05 long, 0.77 wide, postocular region with a hump posteriorly, without post-ocular groove. Eyes: AME-AME: 0.03, AME width: 0.05, AME-ALE: 0.03, ALE width: 0.07, ALE-PLE: 0, PLE width: 0.07, PLE-PME: 0.04, PME width: 0.07, PME-PME: 0.07. Sternum: 0.61 long, 0.55 wide. Legs: dorsal proximal macroseta on tibia I, II, III and IV 1.20, 1.47, 1.80 and 2.13 times diameter of tibia, respectively; Tm I: 0.62.

Male, gibbosus-morph ( ZMUC 00008860): Total length: 2.35. Prosoma: 1.03 long, 0.79 wide, postocular region with wide, transverse, hirsute groove and large hump posteriorly ( Fig. 7O ). Eyes: AME-AME: 0.04, AME width: 0.05, AME-ALE: 0.03, ALE width: 0.06, ALE-PLE: 0, PLE width: 0.07, PLE-PME: 0.06, PME width: 0.06, PME-PME: 0.08. Sternum: 0.59 long, 0.54 wide. Legs: dorsal proximal macroseta on tibia I, II, III and IV 0.22, 0.17, 0.78 and 0.82 times diameter of tibia, respectively; Tm I: 0.65.

Male, both morphs: Clypeus: not hirsute, one sub-AME seta. Chelicerae: mastidia present; stridulatory striae scaly, rows widely and evenly spaced ( Fig. 8A ). Pedipalp: TPA with two scaly lobes, a depressed region in between with scaly distal margin; BT absent ( Fig. 6C ); PC distal setae at median position ( Fig. 6A ); T without papillae, protegulum with long papillae; TS short, without papillae ( Fig. 6D ); DSA tip broad and smoothly serrated ( Fig. 6A ); EM EM short, cylindrical, distally oriented, with papillae; TP without small protuberances; E not broadened at basal part ( Fig. 6B ). Opisthosoma: brown, evenly coloured ( Fig. 9A ); spinnerets see Fig. 6I .

Female ( ZMUC): Total length: 2.53. Prosoma: 1.13 long, 0.83 wide. Eyes: AME-AME: 0.029, AME width: 0.054, AME-ALE: 0.031, ALE width: 0.074, ALE-PLE: 0.005, PLE width: 0.074, PLE-PME: 0.053, PME width: 0.064, PME-PME: 0.068. Clypeus: not hirsute, one sub- AME seta. Sternum: 0.65 long, 0.58 wide. Legs: dorsal proximal macroseta on tibia II, III and IV 1.76, 2.02 and 2.14 times diameter of tibia, respectively; Tm I: 0.69. Chelicerae: stridulatory striae scale-like. Epigyne: Clade 13 characteristic morphology, ventral plate borders converging anteriorly, copulatory duct short ( Fig. 6F–H ) Opisthosoma: brown, evenly coloured.

Variation: The measurements are based on examined material.

Males, tuberosus-morph (N = 7, means in parentheses): Total length 2.23–2.37 (2.28). Prosoma: 1.02–1.11 (1.06) long, 0.76–0.85 (0.80) wide. Legs: dorsal proximal macroseta on tibia I, II, III and IV 0.82–1.39 (1.12), 0.87–1.64 (1.31, N = 5), 1.48–2.00 (1.75, N = 6) and 1.56–2.16 (1.85) times diameter of tibia, respectively; Tm I: 0.60–0.68 (0.65).

Males, gibbosus-morph (N = 5, means in parentheses): Total length 1.94–2.35 (2.22). Prosoma: 0.97–1.06 (1.02) long, 0.76–0.81 (0.79) wide. Legs: dorsal proximal macroseta on tibia I, II, III and IV 0.19 –0.60 (0.28), 0.17–0.61 (0.30), 0.41–1.16 (0.70) and 0.45–1.52 (0.83) times diameter of tibia, respectively; Tm I: 0.59–0.71 (0.64).

Females (N = 10, means in parentheses): Total length 2.33–2.83 (2.64). Prosoma: 0.93–1.20 (1.15) long, 0.71– 0.87 (0.83) wide. Legs: dorsal proximal macroseta on tibia I, II, III and IV 1.53–1.82 (1.69, N = 9), 1.71–1.87 (1.79, N = 8), 1.89–2.27 (2.07) and 1.90–2.37 (2.20) times diameter of tibia, respectively; Tm I: 0.59–0.69 (0.65)

Distribution: Europe, Turkey.

Habitat: Open, humid areas.

Figures

Figure 1. The consensus tree of 296 most-parsimonious trees from the analysis of the expanded matrix of Miller & Hormiga (2004) and Frick et al.(2010) (Matrix I), with Bremer/Jackknife support values shown beside nodes. Newly appended taxa in bold.

Figure 6. Oedothorax gibbosus (Blackwall, 1841).A–E, male left palp. A, retrolateral view. B, prolateral view. C, dorsal view. D, ventral view. E, apical view. F–H, epigyne. F, ventral view. G, dorsal view. H, external morphology. I, male spinnerets. Scale bar 0.1 mm.

Figure 7. Male prosomal morphology, lateral.A, Emertongone montifera (Emerton, 1882) (Paquin & Dupérré, 2003, fig. 1187). B, Shaanxinus mingchihensis Lin, 2019 (traced from photograph). C, ‘Oedothorax’ paracymbialis Tanasevitch, 2015 (traced from photograph). D, ‘Oe.’ kodaikanal Tanasevitch, 2015 (traced from photograph). E, ‘Oe.’ cunur Tanasevitch, 2015 (traced from photograph). F, ‘Oe.’ stylus Tanasevitch, 2015 (traced from photograph). G, Atypena cirrifrons (Heimer, 1984) (traced from photograph). H, A. formosana (Oi, 1977) (Oi, 1977, fig. 2). I, ‘Oe.’ nazareti Scharff, 1989 (Scharff, 1989: fig. 7). J, Gongylidium rufipes (Linnaeus, 1758) (traced from photograph). K, Ummeliata insecticeps (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) (Tu & Li 2004: fig. 8A). L, U. esyunini (Zhang, Zhang & Yu, 2003) (Zhang et al., 2003, fig. 2A). M, Hylyphantes graminicola (Sundevall, 1830) (traced from photograph). N, Tmeticus tolli Kulczyński, 1908 (traced from photograph). O, Oedothorax gibbosus (Blackwall, 1841) [Roberts, 1987: fig. 21 (e)]. P, Oe. trilobatus (Banks, 1896) (Bishop & Crosby, 1935: fig. 79). Q, Oe. gibbifer (Kulczyński, 1882) (Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: fig.604.5).R, Oe.apicatus (Blackwall, 1850) [Roberts, 1987: fig.23 (d)].S, Oe. retusus (Westring, 1851) [Roberts, 1987: fig. 23 (c)]. T, Oe. paludigena Simon, 1926 [Millidge, 1975: fig. (5)]. U, Oe. meridionalis Tanasevitch, 1987 (Tanasevitch, 1987: fig. 107).V, Oe. agrestis (Blackwall, 1853) (Roberts, 1987: fig. 23B).W, Oe. fuscus (Blackwall, 1834) (Roberts, 1987: fig. 23A). X, Oe. tingitanus (Simon, 1884) (Denis, 1968: fig. 11).

Figure 8. Male chelicerae, stridulatory striae on lateral side. A, Oedothorax gibbosus (Blackwall, 1841). B, Oe. trilobatus (Banks, 1896). C, Oe. gibbifer (Kulczyński, 1882). D, Oe. apicatus (Blackwall, 1850). E, Oe. retusus (Westring, 1851). F, Oe. paludigena Simon, 1926. G, Oe. meridionalis Tanasevitch, 1987. H, Oe. agrestis (Blackwall, 1853). I, Oe. fuscus (Blackwall, 1834). J, Oe. tingitanus (Simon, 1884). Scale bars 0.05 mm.

Figure 9. Male opisthosoma, dorsal view. A, Oedothorax gibbosus (Blackwall, 1841). B, Oe. trilobatus (Banks, 1896). C, Oe. gibbifer (Kulczyński, 1882). D, Oe. apicatus (Blackwall, 1850). E, Oe. retusus (Westring, 1851). F, Oe. paludigena Simon, 1926. G, Oe. meridionalis Tanasevitch, 1987. H, Oe. agrestis (Blackwall, 1853). I, Oe. fuscus (Blackwall, 1834). J, Oe. tingitanus (Simon, 1884). Scale bars 0.1 mm.

Figure 10. Oedothorax meridionalis Tanasevitch, 1987. A–E, male right palp, images flipped horizontally. A, retrolateral view. B, prolateral view. C, dorsal view. D, ventral view. E, apical view. F, G, epigyne. F, ventral view. G, external morphology. Scale bar 0.1 mm.