Mycale (Mycale) grandis Gray, 1867
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.3617.1.1 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4DCCD152-65DA-44A3-AB19-59811384E1E7 |
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6156091 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7DE6C-8A0F-F855-FF38-C45BFB69C0DB |
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treatment provided by |
Plazi |
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scientific name |
Mycale (Mycale) grandis Gray, 1867 |
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Mycale (Mycale) grandis Gray, 1867 View in CoL
( Fig. 21 View FIGURE 21 A–L) ( Tab. 9 View TABLE 9 )
Examined material. Sample HK 9: Hawai’i, O’ahu Island, Hawai’i Kai, depth between 0.5–3 m, 31 May 2007.
Description. The sponge, about 1 cm thick, grew around the basal portion of a colony of Carijoa riisei ( Fig. 21 View FIGURE 21 A). The examined fragment is a small portion of the colony, 3 cm long ( Fig. 12 View FIGURE 12 B). Consistency is compact, but compressible. The surface is smooth with rare, small, scattered oscules (<1mm). In situ the sponge is vivid red ( Fig. 21 View FIGURE 21 A), grey-beige in formalin ( Fig. 21 View FIGURE 21 B).
Skeleton. Ectosomal skeleton consisting of tangential, intersecting megascleres and scattered microscleres ( Fig. 21 View FIGURE 21 C). Choanosomal skeleton plumoreticulate of multispicular ascending tracts of mycalostyles, opening upon reaching the sponge surface; scarce spongin and scattered microscleres in between ( Fig. 21 View FIGURE 21 D, E).
Spicules. Mycalostyles straight 445 – (537.2 ± 77.8) – 650 x 5 – (11.9 ± 6.9) – 20 µm, slightly curved or sinuous ( Fig. 21 View FIGURE 21 F) without the typical subterminal constriction and sharp pointed extremities. Anisochelae in three size classes. Anisochelae I ( Fig. 21 View FIGURE 21 G), with very long and straight shaft and different extremities, 140 – (146 ± 4.7) – 155 x 10 – (12.2 ± 0.9) – 13.7 µm. The upper alae are arcuate with three teeth (two lateral longer than the frontal); at the other end, only one frontal ala is well developed, while the lateral alae are reduced. Anisochelae II palmate ( Fig. 21 View FIGURE 21 H) with long upper alae and short shaft, 22.5 – (30.1 ± 5.3) – 45 x 2.5 – (2.6 ± 0.8) – 5 µm. Anisochelae III palmate ( Fig. 21 View FIGURE 21 I) with reduced basal alae and a spur, 15 – (18.4 ± 1.5) – 20 µm. Sigmas in two size classes; sigmas I “C” and “S” shaped ( Fig. 21 View FIGURE 21 J), 42.5 – (52.7 ± 5.4) – 62.5 µm; sigmas II “C” shaped ( Fig. 21 View FIGURE 21 K), 7.5 – (16.5 ± 3.2) – 22.5 µm. Raphides in trichodragmas ( Fig. 21 View FIGURE 21 L), 27.5 – (56.3 ± 13.1) – 72.5 µm.
Distribution and remarks. Red Sea, Indian Ocean (van Soest et al. 2011) and Hawai’i ( Coles et al. 1999).
Because of the brevity of the original description, numerous authors considered M. grandis a senior synonym of M. armata Thiele, 1903 (see van Soest et al. 2011). Thiele (1903) did not describe raphides and anisochelae III with the typical spur ( Tab. 9 View TABLE 9 ); in contrast, our specimen and previous records of M. grandis possess these features. For example Hentschel (1912) described a specimen of M. grandis from Aru Islands ( Indonesia) with a third category of anisochelae, bearing a characteristic spur, that he defined as anisochelae of Iophon ( Tab. 9 View TABLE 9 ). Pulitzer- Finali (1993) described M. grandis from Kenya with the same spicule complement that was comparable in size to that of the present specimen ( Tab. 9 View TABLE 9 ).
Anisochelae Sigmas Raphides
Mycalostyles
I II III I II This species was probably introduced to Hawai’i, where it was discovered in 1996 in Pearl Harbor ( Coles et al. 1999). Later it was recorded in other localities of Hawai’i (as Mycale armata, Coles et al. 2006 ); recently Coles & Bolick (2007) noted it is able to aggressively overgrow and smother native Hawaiian corals.
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