Apophua evanescens ( Ratzeburg, 1848 )

Watanabe, Kyohei & Maeto, Kaoru, 2014, Revision of the genus Apophua Morley, 1913, from Japan (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Banchinae), Zootaxa 3784 (5), pp. 501-527 : 509-513

Apophua evanescens ( Ratzeburg, 1848)

( Figs. 1 D, 2 C, 4 E, 5 D, 6 D, 7 D, 8 C, D, 9 D–F)

Glypta evanescens Ratzeburg, 1848: 103 ; Yu & Horstmann, 1997: 94. Glypta sapporensis Uchida, 1928: 74 ; Momoi, 1963: 108. Apophua sapporensis: Townes, Momoi & Townes, 1965: 209 See Yu et al. (2012) for other synonymies.

Description. Female (n=51). Body: slender, its length 7.0–11.0 mm.

Head 0.6 times as long as wide. Clypeus 0.8 times as long as wide, its upper 0.5–0.6 punctate. Face 0.6 times as long as wide. MSL 0.7 times as long as BWM. OOD 1.4 times as long as OD. IOD 1.2–1.4 times as long as OD. Antenna with 45–47 flagellomeres. F1 2.0 times as long as F2.

Mesosoma. Lateral area of pronotum largely smooth ventral 0.2. Epicnemial carina absent laterally. Mesopleural fovea smooth. Anterior transverse carina of propodeum absent to weakly restricted on lateral section. Posterior transverse carina of propodeum complete. Lateral longitudinal carina of propodeum usually partly weakly present by weak ridge, or absent. Lateromedian longitudinal carina of propodeum usually indistinct except for base, sometimes basal and median sections restricted by weak ridge. Fore wing length 6.5–8.5 mm, with vein 2 m-cu with two bullae. Hind wing with Cu 1 present, nebulous. Fore coxa without ridge ( Fig. 4 E). Hind femur 6.4– 6.7 times as long as maximum depth in lateral view. Hind TS1 2.5 times as long as TS2.

Metasoma almost smooth (only sockets of setae present), shiny by strong reflection ( Fig. 1 D, 7 D). T1 1.6–1.8 times as long as maximum wide, its median dorsal carina present on basal 0.6–0.7, short median longitudinal keel always absent ( Fig. 6 D). T2 1.1–1.3 times as long as maximum width, with indistinct, short median longitudinal keel at base ( Fig. 6 D, 7 D). Ovipositor sheath 2.1–2.4 times as long as hind tibia.

Coloration ( Fig. 1 D, 2 C, 5 D, 7 D). Body strongly polished by dark blue reflection. Head black narrow ventral spot on apex of pedicel, palpi yellow; antenna sometimes tinged with dark brown except for ventral yellow spot of pedicel. Mesosoma black except for: small spot before tegula on pronotum, tegula, scutellum excluding basal spot, hind margins of each axilla yellow; postscutellum yellow to reddish-brown. Wings hyaline with veins and stigma brown except for yellow wing base. Fore and mid legs yellowish-brown, except for fore and mid coxae, trochanters and trochantelli somewhat paler than other area. Hind leg reddish-brown except for: apical part of coxa, dorsal surface of trochanter, trochantellus, base and apex of femur, tibia excluding base, anterior surface of femur and tibia, tarsus including claws dark brown; base of tibia, ventral surface on basal 0.6–0.7 of tibia and tibial spur yellowish-brown. Metasoma black except for: membranous area of sternites, apex of subgenital plate whitishyellow. Ovipositor reddish-brown. Mesosoma and metasoma sometimes partly tinged with red. Subtegular ridge sometimes tinged with yellow. Yellow area on postscutellum sometimes darkened. Size of paler area of hind tibia sometimes more or less varied.

Male (n=27). Similar to female. IOD 1.0–1.4 times as long as OD; antenna with 44–45 flagellomeres. T1 1.8– 1.9 times as long as maximum wide; hind TS1 2.3 times as TS2. Subgenital plate with a long apodema sternalis, anterior margin slightly concave ( Fig. 9 D). Inner margin of paramere strongly concave near basal inner angle (Fig. 8 C). Penis valve of aedeagus ca. 2.0 times as long as basal apodeme ( Fig. 9 E). Face tinged with yellow ventrally. Ventral surface of scape and pedicel yellow.

Specimens examined. JAPAN [Hokkaido] 1F, Esan, Mt. Esan, 15. ix. 2004, H. Suda leg. (KPMNH: KPM-NK 5001189); 1F, Esashi town, 15. viii. 2002, T. Yoshida leg. (KPMNH: KPM-NK 5001190); 2F1M, Toyotomi, 10. viii. 1965, K. Kusigemati leg. (KU); 1M, Jyozankei, 2. viii. 1965, K. Kusigemati leg. (KU); 1M, Mt. Yubari, 10. viii. 1966, K. Kusigemati leg. (KU); 2F, Sapporo, 13. vii. 1964, K. Kusigemati leg. (KU); 1M, same locality and collector, 17. vii. 1964 (KU); 1F, same locality and collector, 24. vii. 1964 (KU); 1F1M, same locality and collector, 20. vii. 1965 (KU); 1F, same locality and collector, 23. vii. 1966 (KU); 1M, same locality and collector, 11. vii. 1967 (KU); 1F, same locality and collector, 8. ix. 1967 (KU); 1F, same locality and collector, 23. vii. 1968 (KU); 1F, Sapporo, Arashi pass, 31. vii. 1990, N. Kuhara leg. (NIAES); 1M, Eniwa city, Ichankoppe-zawa (MsT.), 21–31. vii. 1995, T. Ito leg. (NIAES); 1M, same locality (300m alt.) (MsT.), 19–26. vii. 1997, T. Ito & A. Ohkawa leg. (NIAES); 1M, Mt. Tarumae-san (MsT.), 18–21. vii. 1998, K. Konishi leg. (NIAES); 6M, same locality and collector (MsT.); 21–26. vii. 1998 (NIAES); 1M, Ashoro, Kyushu University Forests (MsT.), 12. vii. 1984, O. Tadauchi leg. (NIAES); 2F, Kumaishi, Kenichi-gawa, Iwafuchi-zawa (MsT.); 10–20. x. 1995, Y. & T. Ito leg. (NIAES); 1F, Tomakomai city, Uenae river (25m alt.), 19. vii. 1990, N. Kuhara leg. (NIAES). [Honshu] 1F, Aomori Pref., Kuroishi city, Nishounai, 3. ix. 1992, T. Ichita leg. (NIAES); 1M, Aomori Pref., Aomori city, Moyasawa, 2. viii. 1992, T. Ichita leg. (NIAES); 1F, same locality and collector, 11. vii. 1992 (NIAES); 1F, Aomori Pref., Aomori city, Yokouchi-Yaegiku (Yellow glue trap), 30. x.–14. ix. 1992, T. Ichita leg. (NIAES); 1M, Yamagata Pref., Mt. Akakuzure-yama, 24. vii. 1993, K. Konishi leg. (NIAES); 1F, Fukushima Pref., Shiozawa, Mt. Adatara, 13. x. 1990, A. Nagatomi leg. (NIAES); 1M, Fukushima Pref., Hibarako Lake (LT.); 9. vii. 1985, K. Konishi leg. (NIAES); 1F, Fukushima Pref., Hinoemata vil., Mikawa (MsT.); 4. ix. 2004, H. Makihara (TPM); 1F, Tochigi Pref., Yaita (MsT.), 30. vi.–15. vii. 1989, K. Konishi leg. (NIAES); 1F, same locality and collector (MsT.), 15–28. vii. 1989 (NIAES); 2F, same locality and collector (MsT.), 28. vii.–11. viii. 1989 (NIAES); 1F, same locality and collector (MsT.), 11–22. viii. 1989 (NIAES); 1F, same locality and collector (MsT.), 22. viii.–8. ix. 1989 (NIAES); 1F, Tochigi Pref., Siobara, Akagawa rindo, 11. vii. 2000, H. Takizawa leg. (TPM); 1F, Tochigi Pref., Nasu, Yumoto, 18. x. 2000, T. Nakamura leg. (TPM); 1F, Tochigi Pref., Kuriyama vil., Kinunuma (MsT.), 8. x. 2004, H. Makihara leg. (TPM); 1F, Tochigi Pref., Nikko city, Tamozawa (MsT.), 15–27. x. 2008, T. Nakamura leg. (TPM); 1F, Gunma Pref., Tanigawadake, 9. viii. 1966, J. Minamikawa leg. (NIAES); 2F, Ibaraki Pref., Kitaibaraki, Ogawa Forest Reserve (MsT.), 9–25. vii. 1996, K. Maeto leg. (NIAES); 2F, same locality and collector (MsT.), 25. vii.–6. viii. 1996 (NIAES); 1F, Saitama Pref., Ogawa, Aoyama, Sengenzan, 9. x. 1993, T. Nambu leg. (NIAES); 1M, Saitama Pref., Ootaki, Nakatu, 9. ix. 1990, Y. Yamaguchi leg. (NIAES); 1F, Niigata Pref., Sado Is., Kanaishiraho, Hakuundai to Mt. Myoukenzan (38–5–20 N/ 138–20–15: 830–1000m alt.), K. Watanabe leg. (KPMNH: KPM-NK 5001191); 1F, Tokyo Pref., Okutama town, Hikawa, TUA forests, 30. vi. 2007, K. Watanabe leg. (KPMNH: KPM-NK 5001192); 1F, Tokyo Pref., Mt. Takao, 10. xi. 1963, J. Minamikawa leg. (NIAES); 1M, Kanagawa Pref., Mts. Tanzawa, Hinokiboramaru (LT.), 10–11. vii. 2004, H. Miyadani leg. (KPMNH: KPM-NK 5001193); 1F, Kanagawa Pref., Atsugi city, Mt. Ooyama (1252m alt.), 9. ix. 1999, M. Yamamoto leg. (KPMNH: KPM-NK 5001194); 1F, Yamanashi Pref., Kawaguchiko town, Mt. Tenjyoyama, 26. ix. 1989, H. Suda leg. (KPMNH: KPM-NK 5001195); 1F, Aichi Pref., Shitara, Uradani (Beech forest: 900m alt.) (MsT.), 4–10. vii. 1994, K. Yamagishi leg. (NIAES); 1F, same locality and collector (Beech forest: 900m alt.), 19–25. ix. 1994 (NIAES); 1F, same locality and collector (Beech forest: 900m alt.) (MsT.), 26. ix.–2. x. 1994 (NIAES); 1F, same locality and collector (Beech forest: 900m alt.), 3–9. x. 1994 (NIAES); 1F, Osaka Pref., Izumi, Mt. Katsuragi (em. from Pandemis cinnamoneana ), 15. v. 1993, Y. S. Bae leg. (NIAES); 1M, Okayama Pref., Kanba, 8. vi. 1947, J. Minamikawa leg. (NIAES). [Shikoku] 1F, Tokushima Pref., Ichiu vil., Mt. Tsurugisan (1400m alt.), 16. x. 1980, K. Maeto leg. (NIAES); 1F, Kochi Pref., Hongawa vil., Teragawa, 12. vii. 1991, I. Yamashita leg. (NIAES); 2M, same locality and collector (LT.), 20. vii. 2000, I. Yamashita leg. (NIAES); 1M, Kochi Pref., Mt. Kajigamori, 13. vii. 1997, I. Yamashita leg. (NIAES). [Kyushu] 1F, Fukuoka Pref., Mt. Hiko, 24–26. x. 1979, K. Maeto leg. (NIAES); 1F, Kumamoto Pref., Gokano-sho, Momiki, 20. vii. 1966, R. Ooishi leg. (KU); 1M, Kagoshima Pref., Yakushima Is., Kosugidani, 28. vi. 1965, H. Shima leg. (KU). GERMANY: 1M, Allgäu, Osterach-Tal 1100 m, 1. viii. 1949 (det. Heinrich) (AEI). FINLAND: 1F, Helsinki, 14. viii. 1968, H. & M. Townes (det. Heinrich) (AEI).

Distribution ( Fig. 11 ). Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Sado is.*, Shikoku*, Kyushu*, Yakushima Is.*). This species is widely distributed in the Palearctic Region ( Yu et al., 2012).

Biology. The following hosts are recorded in Japan: Pandemis heparana (Denis & Schiffermüller) ( Momoi, 1963) and Pandemis cinnamomeana (Treitschke) ( Nakaya, 2009; present study).

Remarks. This species resembles A. honmai in slender body with blue reflection but it can be easily distinguished from the latter by the epicnemial carina absent laterally (present in A. honmai ), the metasomal tergite almost smooth (weakly punctate in A. honmai ) and yellow area of pronotum restricted as small spot before tegula ( Fig. 2 C) (yellow band along upper margin in A. honmai : Fig. 2 D). This species, A. bipunctoria , A. honmai and A. stena are sometimes collected at same place and thus they are sometimes confused.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Heads, mesosomata and metasomata of Apophua, dorsal view, female. — A, A. aquilonia; B, A. bipunctoria; C, A. elegans sp. nov. (holotype); D, A. evanescens; E, A. honmai; F, A. kikuchii; G, A. maetai; H, A. stena; I, A. sugaharai; J, A. tobensis; K, L, A. yamato sp. nov. (holotype).

FIGURE 2. Heads, mesosomata, coxae and metasomata of Apophua, lateral view, female. — A, A. aquilonia; B, A. bipunctoria; C, A. evanescens; D, A. honmai; E, A. kikuchii; F, A. maetai; G, A. stena; H, A. sugaharai; I, A. tobensis.

FIGURE 4. Fore coxae of Apophua, antero-dorsal view, female. — A, B, A. aquilonia; C, A. bipunctoria; D, A. elegans sp. nov. (holotype); E, A. evanescens; F, A. honmai; G, A. kikuchii; H A. maetai; I, A. stena; J, A. sugaharai; K, A. tobensis; L, A. yamato sp. nov. (holotype).

FIGURE 6. Metasomal tergites of Apophua, dorsal view, female. — A, A. aquilonia; B, A. bipunctoria; C, A. elegans sp. nov. (holotype); D, A. evanescens; E, A. honmai; F, A. kikuchii; G, A. maetai; H, A. stena; I, A. sugaharai; J, A. tobensis; K, A. yamato sp. nov. (holotype).

FIGURE 9. Male subgenital plates (ventral view: A, D, G, J, M, P, S), left (ventral view: B, E, K, N) and right (lateral view: H, R, T) aedeagi and left (mesal view: F, I, O, Q, U) and right (mesal view: C, L, U) parameres and volsellae of Apophua. — A – C, A. bipunctoria; D – F, A. evanescens; G – I, A. honmai; J – L, A. kikuchii; M – O, A. maetai; P – R, A. stena; S – U, A. sugaharai.

FIGURE 11. Distribution of A. evanescens.