Acharax primaeva (Phillips, 1836)

Bailey, Jack Bowman, 2021, The genera that never were: The impact of Janeia and Janacekia on phyletic and taxonomic relations within the Solemyidae (Bivalvia: Protobranchia), Palaeontologia Electronica (a 12) 24 (1), pp. 1-47 : 26-27

Acharax primaeva (Phillips, 1836)

Remarks. Lost holotype of Phillips (1836) was imperfectly illustrated and diagnosed. Useful if Hind’s (1900, in part, pl. 50, figs. 4, 5) topotypes are given priority (e.g., Cox, 1969). If so, Solemya puzosiana de Koninck, 1842 is a probable synonym. Hind (1900, p. 441) compared it with S.

costellata and S. excisa but with stronger radial ribs.

? 1836 Solemya primaeva Phillips , p. 209, p. 247, pl. 5, fig. 6 [Pr3?, PAe?; nom. dub.; figure and diagnosis insufficient; holotype lost]; Lower Carbonferous , Lowick, Northumberland, England .

1842 Solemya puzosiana de Koninck , p. 60, pl. 5, fig. 2a, b [Pr3, Ne?, IG; = A. cf. primaeva , i.e., similar to Hind’s (1900) topotypes and Portock’s (1836) hypotype of S. primaeva ]; Lower Carboniferous, (Tournaisian), Belgium.

1843 Solemya primaeva Phillips ; Portlock, p. 441 [no figure; later figured by Hind (1900)]; Carboniferous, Aghaloo, Co. Tyrone, N. Ireland.

1844 Sanguinolites radiatus M’Coy, 1844, p. 50 , pl. 13, fig. 4 [Pr3; synonym of Hind (1900, p. 438)]; Carboniferous, Killymeal, Dungannon, Co. Tyrone, N. Ireland.

? 1845 Solemya primaeva Phillips ; de Verneuil, p. 295, pl. 19, fig. 5 [Pr2; gen. et sp. indet.; partial valve; hinge unknown]; Lower Carboniferous, Tarusa, Oka River, Russia.

? 1849 Solemya primaeva Phillips ; Brown, p. 230, pl. 93, fig. 10 [Pr3?; stylized drawing after Phillips, 1836, pl. 5, fig. 6]; Lower Carboniferous limestone, Heiton and Lowick, Northumberland, England, and Co. Fermanagh, N. Ireland.

1850 Janeia primaeva (Phillips) ; King, p. 177 [no figure].

1850 Solemya primaeva Phillips ; King, p. 246-247 [no figure].

? 1855 Solenimya? primaeva Phillips ; M’Coy (?M’Coy), p. 519, pl. 3F, fig. 3, 3a [hypothetical reconstruction]; Lower Carboniferous limestone, Lowick, Northumberland, England.

1855 Solenimya primaeva Phillips var. β puzosiana M’Coy , p. 520 [no figure]; Carboniferous, Derbyshire, and Northumberland, England [Accepted by M’Coy (1855) as a variety of S. primaeva ].

non 1859 Solenomya primaeva Phillips ; Eichwald, [plates pub. 1859, text pub. 1860]; p. 5, pl. 39, fig.10a-b (1859) [Pr2; highly elongated shell with aberrant (upwardly curving) longiterminus; gen. et. sp. indet.; possibly not a solemyid]; p. 1040-1041 (1860); Carboniferous limestone, Tarusa and Peredki, Novgorod Oblast, Russia.

p 1885 Solemya puzosiana de Koninck ; de Koninck, p. 120, pl. 23, fig. 41 [Pr3, Ne?]; fig. 29? [Pc, Pr0]; figs. 33?, 34? [Pr2, Ne, IG]; [possibly composed of more than one species; see Bailey, 2011, p. 30]; fig. 41 [= A. cf. primaeva ]; Lower Carboniferous (Tournaisian), Belgium.

1896 Solemya primaeva Phillips ; Hind, p. 6, 27, 53.

1900 Solenomya primaeva Phillips ; Hind, pl. 50, fig. 1 (not fig. 2 as stated by Hind in error on p. 440) [Pr3, Bts, PAe; Portlock’s (1836) unfigured hypotype; compares with topotypes but much larger and anteriorly more expanded]; Carboniferous , Aghaloo, Co. Tyrone, N. Ireland .

? 1900 Solenomya primaeva Phillips ; Hind, pl. 50, fig. 2? [Pr3; provenance?], pl. 50, fig. 3? [Pr3; valves shorter and dissimilar in profile to Hind’s topotypes; = A. cf. costellata ?]; Carboniferous limestone series, Ardross, Fife, Scotland.

p 1900 Solenomya primaeva Phillips ; Hind, p. 438, pl. 50, figs. 4, 5 [topotypes, herein given priority; Pr3, Bts, PAe, IG]; Lower Carboniferous limestone, Lowick, Northumberland, England ; non pl. 50, fig. 2 [Pr3; provenance?]; non pl. 50, fig. 3 [a hypotype, Pr3; shorter, more ovoid in profile], Carboniferous limestone series, Ardross, Fife, Scotland .

1900 Solenomya primaeva Phillips ; Hind, pl. 50, fig. 6 [Pr3, Bts, PAe?; copy of M’Coy’s1844 hypotype of Sanguinolites radiatus ; like Portlock’s hypotype but much smaller]; Carboniferous, Killymeal, Dungannon, Co. Tyrone, N. Ireland.

1969 Solemya (Janeia) primaeva (Phillips) ; Cox, p. N243, fig. B1,1a [topotype, Pr3, Bts, PAe; copy of Hind, 1900, pl. 50, fig. 5]; Lower Carboniferous limestone, Lowick, Northumberland, England .

1986 Solemya (Janeia) primaeva (Phillips) ; Zhang and Pojeta, p. 670, fig. 5.4 [Pr3, PAe, Bts(weak)]; Lower Carboniferous (Viséan), China.

2011 Acharax primaeva (Phillips) ; Bailey, 2011, p. 30

2013 Janeia primaeva (Phillips) ; Nevesskaja, et al., p. 90, pl. 12, fig. 12.5 [copy of Hind, 1900, pl. 50, fig. 5].