Raveniola niedermeyeri ( Brignoli, 1972 )

Zonstein, Sergei, Kunt, Kadir B. & Yağmur, Ersen A., 2018, A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). I. Species from Western Asia, European Journal of Taxonomy 399, pp. 1-93 : 40-43

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.5852/ejt.2018.399
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E836E138-D6E2-4F62-B4B3-CE2E073F2B24
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5980310
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B9B44C-5650-0C0D-511B-8083FAB14A55
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Raveniola niedermeyeri ( Brignoli, 1972 )
status

Treatment

Raveniola niedermeyeri ( Brignoli, 1972) View in CoL

Figs 57–58 View Figs 52–58 , 83 View Figs 79–83 , 95 View Figs 90–95 , 116 View Figs 102–116 , 128 View Figs 117–128 , 144 View Figs 141–144 , 164 View Figs 161–164 , 197 View Figs 189–197 , 211–212 View Figs 204–212 , 222 View Figure 222 , 249–253 View Figs 248–253

Brachythele niedermeyeri Brignoli, 1972: 412 , figs 1–2 (♂♀).

Brachythele niedermeyeri – Brignoli 1983: 123. — Zonstein 1985: 159.

Raveniola niedermeyeri View in CoL – Zonstein 1987: 1015. — Platnick 1989: 90. — Mozaffarian & Marusik 2001: 70. — Ghavami 2006: 1843. — Ghahari & Marusik 2009: 4. — Zonstein & Marusik 2010: 52, figs 1–9 (♂♀).

Diagnosis

This species differs from all other members of the same group by having a gradually tapering and subapically curved embolus ( Fig. 197 View Figs 189–197 ) and by the unusually narrow, laterally inclined spermathecae with small and sessile lateral receptacles ( Figs 211–212 View Figs 204–212 ). In the structure of the embolus, Raveniola niedermeyeri also shows some similarities with a few other congeners, such as R. bellula ( Li & Zonstein, 2015) , R. ferghanensis ( Zonstein, 1984) , R. hebeinica Zhu, Zhang & Zhang, 1999 and R. virgata (Simon, 1891) . However, it can be distinguished from them by having a sharply curved subapical part of the embolus (vs the more gently curved embolus in those Eastern and Central Asian species, Fig. 197 View Figs 189–197 ; cf. Figs 165–166 View Figs 165–170 ; Zonstein & Marusik 2012: fig. 39; Li & Zonstein 2015: figs 3A–C, 5A–C).

Material examined

Holotype

IRAN: ♂, Golestan Province, Alborz Mts, surroundings of Gorgan , 36°50′ N, 54°26′ E, 1913, O.R. Niedermeyer leg. ( MHNG).

GoogleMaps

Paratypes

IRAN: 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, collection data as for holotype (MHNG).

Additional material (3 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, 1 ♀ subad., 15 juvs)

IRAN: 1 ♂, Golestan Province, surroundings of Gorgan, Sep. 2004, H. Ghahari leg. (TAU); 1 ♀, 7 juv., same province,Aliabad, 36°53′ N, 54°57′ E, 30 Jul. 1974,A. Senglet leg. (MHNG), 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Mazandaran Province, Alborz Mts, oak forest, Jun. 2004, H. Ghahari leg. (ZMMU); 1 ♀, 1 ♀ subad., 3 juvs, same province, 11 km E of Alasht, 36°04′ N, 52°51′ E, 1400 m, 27–29 Jun. 1978, J. Martens and H. Pieper leg. (SMF); 1 ♀, 1 juv., same province, Noor Reserve, 36°35′ N, 52°03’ E, near seashore, 29 Jun. 1978, J. Martens and H. Pieper leg. (SMF); 1 juv., same province, Klard, 20 km S of Amol, 36°28′ N, 52°21′ E, 500 m, 24 May 1978, J. Martens and H. Pieper leg. (SMF); 3 juv., same province, Heraz, 25 km S of Amol, 490–560 m, 29 Jun. 1978, J. Martens and H. Pieper leg. (SMF); 1 ♀, Razavi Khorasan Province, surroundings of Mashhad, 36°17′ N, 59°36′ E, Sep. 2005, H. Ghahari leg. (TAU); 1 ♂, Esfahan Province, surroundings of Esfahan, 32°40′ N, 51°40′ E, Nov. 2005, H. Ghahari leg. (ZMMU).

Redescription

Male (holotype)

HABITUS. See Fig. 57. View Figs 52–58

MEASUREMENTS. TBL 13.80, CL 5.32, CW 4.55, LL 0.42, LW 0.87, SL 2.45, SW 2.28.

COLOUR. Carapace, chelicerae, palps and first pair of legs dorsally intensive rufous-brown; eye tubercle with darker spots surrounding AMEs and lateral eyes; sternum, labium, maxillae and legs II–IV light brownish rufous; abdomen dorsally light greyish brown; dorsal pattern poorly visible, consisting of longitudinal median spot crossed by few transverse fasciae, ventral abdominal surface and spinnerets pale greyish brown.

PROSOMA. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 83 View Figs 79–83 . Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 116 View Figs 102–116 . Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.14(0.18), ALE 0.26, PLE 0.18, PME 0.16, AME–AME 0.12(0.08), ALE–AME 0.07(0.05), ALE–PLE 0.07, PLE–PME 0.06, PME–PME 0.33. Chelicerae: each furrow with 9–10 promarginal teeth and 7–8 mesobasal denticles. Maxillae with 6–7 cuspules each.

LEGS. Tibia and metatarsus I as shown in Fig. 144 View Figs 141–144 . Scopula: distal on metatarsus I, entire on tarsus I, divided on tarsus II; elsewhere absent. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8–11 each on tibiae, 10–13 on metatarsi, 10–12 on tarsi, 8 on cymbium. Paired tarsal claws: inner and outer margins with 8–10 teeth each.

SPINATION. Palp: femur d1–1–0, pd1, rd1; patella p1–1; tibia d1–1, p1–1–1, r1–1–1, v2–1–1–1; cymbium d4(5). Leg I: femur d1–1–0–0, pd1–1–1, rd 1(0)–1–1(0); tibia p1–1–0, v3–2–m–m; metatarsus v1(0)–1. Leg II: femur d1–1–0–0, pd1–1; tibia p1–1–1, v2–2–3; metatarsus p1, v1–2–2–2. Leg III: femur d1–1– 0–0, pd0–1–1, rd0–1–1; patella p1–1, r1; tibia d1–1, p1–1–1, r1–1–1, v2–2–2(3); metatarsus d1–1–2, p1–1–1, r1–1–1, v2(3)–2–3. Leg IV: femur d1–1–0–0, pd0–1–1, rd0–1–1; patella p1, r1; tibia d1–1–2, p1–1–1, r1–1–1, v2–2–2(3); metatarsus pd1–1–2, p1–1–1, r1–1–1, v2–1–2–1(0)–3. Patella I aspinose.

PALP. Tibia, cymbium and palpal organ as shown in Fig. 164 View Figs 161–164 . Bulb with long, gently tapering embolus curved subapically and lacking embolic keel ( Fig. 197 View Figs 189–197 ).

SPINNERETS. PMS: length 0.25; diameter 0.15. PLS: maximal diameter 0.35; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.67, 0.55, 0.37; total length 1.59; apical segment triangular.

LEG MEASUREMENTS. ♂(♀) Female (paratype)

HABITUS. See Fig. 58. View Figs 52–58

MEASUREMENTS. TL 15.90, CL 5.35, CW 4.23, LL 0.54, LW 1.06, SL 2.38, SW 2.30.

COLOUR. As in male, but better preserved dorsal abdominal pattern, consisting of numerous and irregularly located small yellowish brown spots on darker brown background.

PROSOMA. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 95 View Figs 90–95 . Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 128 View Figs 117–128 . Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.12(0.15), ALE 0.26, PLE 0.20, PME 0.13, AME–AME 0.13(0.10), ALE–AME 0.09(0.07), ALE–PLE 0.08, PLE–PME 0.04, PME–PME 0.38. Each cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth and 5 mesobasal denticles. Maxillae with 10–11 cuspules each.

LEGS. Scopula: distal on metatarsi I–II, narrowly divided on palpal tarsus and tarsus I, widely divided on tarsus II, elsewhere absent. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 7–9 each on tibiae, 11–14 on metatarsi, 11–14 on tarsi, 9 on palpal tarsus. Paired tarsal claws: outer and inner margins with 5–7 teeth each. Palpal claw with 4 teeth on inner margin.

SPINATION. All femora with one basodorsal bristle-like spine and few stiff bristles (weak spines) located medially and distally; palpal patella and patella I aspinose. Palp: femur d1, pd1; tibia v2–1–2; tarsus v5(6). Leg I: femur d1, pd1; tibia v2–1–2; metatarsus v2–2–2. Leg II: femur d1, pd1; patella p1; tibia p1–1, v2–1–3; metatarsus v2–2–2. Leg III: femur d1, pd 1–1, rd 1–1; patella p1–1, r1; tibia d1, p1–1, r1–1, v2–2–3; metatarsus pd1–1, p1–1–1, r1–1–2, v2–1–3–3. Leg IV: femur d1, rd1; patella p1, r1; tibia p1–1, r1–1–1, v2–2–3; metatarsus d1–1–1, p1–1–1–1, r1–1–1–1, v2–1(2)–2(3)–3.

SPERMATHECAE. Narrow; lateral receptacles sessile and vestigial ( Fig. 211 View Figs 204–212 ).

SPINNERETS. PMS: length 0.42; diameter 0.20. PLS: maximal diameter 0.55; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.65, 0.48, 0.40; total length 1.53; apical segment triangular.

Variation

Carapace length in males varies from 4.34 to 5.45; in females from 4.67 to 7.05. In all examined males the embolus has a practically identical shape. The shape of the spermathecae and the dorsal pattern of the abdomen show some variation (cf. Figs 211–212 View Figs 204–212 , 252–253 View Figs 248–253 ).

Distribution

Iran: Alborz, Khorasan and Zagros Mts (Gilan, Mazandaran, Golestan, Razavi Khorasan and Isfahan Provinces). See Fig. 222 View Figure 222 .

Ecology

In the Alborz Mts the spiders were collected predominantly in dense montane broad-leaved forests of the hyrcan type as shown in Figs 236–237 View Figs 236–241 , dominated by Quercus castaneifolia C.A. Mey. Like in most Western Asian congeners, females use cavities under rocks to build short and very simple retreats almost without any silk lining ( Figs 248–251 View Figs 248–253 ). Wandering males were recorded between June and November.