Stryphnodendron Mart., Flora 20 (2 Beibl): 117. 1837.
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https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716 |
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https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BA2AAF-BAFC-06AF-BF15-B0B733C94317 |
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Stryphnodendron Mart., Flora 20 (2 Beibl): 117. 1837. |
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Stryphnodendron Mart., Flora 20 (2 Beibl): 117. 1837. View in CoL
Figs 172 View Figure 172 , 173 View Figure 173 , 176 View Figure 176
Folianthera Raf., Sylva Tellur.: 120. 1838. Type: Folianthera guianensis (Aubl.) Raf. [≡ Mimosa guianensis Aubl. (≡ Stryphnodendron guianense (Aubl.) Benth.)]
Type.
Stryphnodendron barbadetiman (Vell.) Mart. [= Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville]
Description.
Trees, shrubs, or geoxyle subshrubs; indumentum composed of simple and granular trichomes; brachyblasts absent; branches unarmed, young shoots and leaves ferruginous, covered with reddish granular trichomes, not odoriferous. Stipules usually caducous. Leaves bipinnate; extrafloral nectaries present on the petiole, between or just below pinnae pairs and between or just below the distal pairs of leaflets; pinnae (3) 5-32 pairs, subopposite, opposite or rarely alternate; leaflets 8-20 pairs, alternate. Inflorescence units cylindrical spikes, arranged in fascicles of 2-6 spikes in pseudoracemes. Flowers 5-merous, whitish, yellowish or reddish; calyx gamosepalous, campanulate; corolla gamopetalous, narrowly campanulate; stamens 10, anthers with an apical gland; pollen usually in 16-grained polyads, but also in groups of 4-32 grains; ovary included in the corolla. Fruit an indehiscent legume or a follicle, oblong, linear or slightly curved; valves woody or coriaceous. Seeds obovoid or ellipsoid, wingless, black, brown, or ochre, pleurogram present.
Chromosome number.
2 n = 26 ( Bandel 1974; Santos et al. 2012).
Included species and geographic distribution.
Twenty-eight species in tropical Central and South America, from Nicaragua to southern Brazil (Fig. 176 View Figure 176 ).
Ecology.
The majority of species occur either in rainforests (most in the Brazilian Amazon), or in savannas (Brazilian Cerrado), and four extend into seasonally dry tropical forests and woodlands ( Lima et al. 2020b, 2021; Scalon et al. 2022).
Etymology.
From Greek, stryphno (= sour, adstringent) and dendron (= tree), in reference to the astringent properties of its bark.
Human uses.
Stryphnodendron adstringens is widely used due to its tannin-rich bark with astringent properties ( Primo 1945) in leather tanning and, most importantly, as a medicine ( Martius 1843; Rodrigues 1893; Santos et al. 2002; Brandão et al. 2008). The species has healing, antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties ( Panizza et al. 1988; Nascimento et al. 2013; Souza-Moreira et al. 2018).
Notes.
Phylogenetic and morphological evidence together with diagnosability supported the segregation of part of Stryphnodendron species into two new genera ( Gwilymia and Naiadendron ; Simon et al. 2016; Lima et al. 2022). In this context, Stryphnodendron became more coherent morphologically and includes only species bearing alternate leaflets with a tuft of trichomes at the base of the midrib on the abaxial surface, traits commonly used to diagnose the genus, but that do not occur in species now assigned to Gwilimya and Naiadendron ( Simon et al. 2016; Lima et al. 2022; Scalon et al. 2022).
Among other members of the Stryphnodendron clade, the genus Stryphnodendron can be recognised by joint occurrence of ferruginous indumentum (densely covered with reddish granular trichomes) on young branches and leaves, relatively small (0.6-1.2 × 0.3-0.6 cm) and alternate leaflets, spikes arranged in pseudoracemes, and the fruit an indehiscent nucoid legume or a follicle.
Taxonomic references.
Lima et al. (2020b, 2021, 2022); Occhioni (1990); Occhioni-Martins (1974, 1975, 1981); Scalon et al. (2022).
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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Stryphnodendron Mart., Flora 20 (2 Beibl): 117. 1837.
| Bruneau, Anne, de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Ringelberg, Jens J., Borges, Leonardo M., Bortoluzzi, Roseli Lopes da Costa, Brown, Gillian K., Cardoso, Domingos B. O. S., Clark, Ruth P., Conceicao, Adilva de Souza, Cota, Matheus Martins Teixeira, Demeulenaere, Else, de Stefano, Rodrigo Duno, Ebinger, John E., Ferm, Julia, Fonseca-Cortes, Andres, Gagnon, Edeline, Grether, Rosaura, Guerra, Ethiene, Haston, Elspeth, Herendeen, Patrick S., Hernandez, Hector M., Hopkins, Helen C. F., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Isau, Hughes, Colin E., Ickert-Bond, Stefanie M., Iganci, Joao, Koenen, Erik J. M., Lewis, Gwilym P., de Lima, Haroldo Cavalcante, de Lima, Alexandre Gibau, Luckow, Melissa, Marazzi, Brigitte, Maslin, Bruce R., Morales, Matias, Morim, Marli Pires, Murphy, Daniel J., O'Donnell, Shawn A., Oliveira, Filipe Gomes, Oliveira, Ana Carla da Silva, Rando, Juliana Gastaldello, Ribeiro, Petala Gomes, Ribeiro, Carolina Lima, Santos, Felipe da Silva, Seigler, David S., da Silva, Guilherme Sousa, Simon, Marcelo F., Soares, Marcos Vinicius Batista & Terra, Vanessa 2024 |
Folianthera
| Rafinesque 1838 |