Prochiloneurus dactylopii (Howard)

Noyes, John Stuart, 2023, ENCYRTIDAE OF COSTA RICA (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA), 4 Subfamily Encyrtinae: tribes Arrhenophagini, Habrolepidini, Cerapterocerini, Cheiloneurini, Trechnitini, Cercobelini, Polaszekiini, Protyndarichoidini, Gahaniellini and Syrphophagini (part), mainly primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of Coccoidea and Psylloidea (Hemiptera), Taxonomic Monographs on Neotropical Hymenoptera (Oxford, England) 2 (11), pp. 1-921 : 481-482

Prochiloneurus dactylopii (Howard)

(Figs. 1207-1211; Hab. E 172, G 173)

Chiloneurus dactylopii Howard 1885:17 . Lectotype E (designated by Noyes,1980:224), USA (Washington DC), USNM, examined.

Achrysopophagus dactylopii (Howard) ; Girault, 1917b:17.

Prochiloneurus dactylopii (Howard) ; Gordh, 1979:936.

DIAGNOSIS. Female (length about 1.2-2.3mm): head orange, temple and gena with a dark brown streak; antenna (Fig. 1209) with funicle segments brown, partially white, orange, or orange-brown; F6 and clava dark brown, occasionally F6 partially orange; thorax mostly orange, exposed part of mesoscutum with at most anterior one-third orange, remainder dark brown with a strong metallic blue-green or dark blue sheen and evenly clothed with translucent silvery setae; mesopleuron uniform orange; fore wing (Fig. 1210) without a line of setae below proximal half of parastigma but with a group of about 3-15 pale setae below distal half; hyaline apex of fore wing about as wide as 1.5X length of marginal vein; fore wing with a subapical band of slightly paler setae; propodeum medially orange, laterally dark brown and strongly metallic around spiracle and with about 15-20 silvery setae surrounding spiracle; gaster mostly dark brown with a metallic sheen, but at least syntergum pale orange; head (Fig. 1207) about 1.06-1.19X as long as broad and about 5.2-7.3X as wide as frontovertex, head relatively longer and frontovertex narrower in larger individuals; antennal scrobes sharply margined, carinate laterally; scape (Fig. 1209) about 4.7-5.0X as long as broad, widest in proximal half; mesoscutum anteriorly with obliquely elongate striate-reticulate sculpture that contrasts with the more regular polygonally reticulate sculpture posteriorly; apical scutellar tuft about 0.5X as long as scutellum; fore wing (Figs 1210, 1211) about 2.7-2.8X as long as broad; line of setae on ventral surface of costal cell of fore wing virtually absent above parastigma; hypopygium Fig. 1208; exserted part of ovipositor about 0.5- 0.6X as long as gaster. Male (length 1.10-1.22mm): face metallic blue or blue-green with some green areas; scape white; mesoscutum metallic green with coppery reflections in anterior one-third or so, anterior part clothed in dark brown setae, posterior part clothed in translucent silvery setae, posterior margin slightly coppery hind femur white, distally narrowly margined brown, tibia mainly brown with apices dirty white; head in profile about 2.2X as high as deep and in facial view slightly higher than broad; malar sulcus present but inconspicuous; ocelli forming an angle of about 90°; anterior one-third or so of mesoscutum with obliquely elongate, striate-reticulate sculpture that contrasts with the more regular polygonally reticulate sculpture on the posterior part.

DISTRIBUTION. Recorded below from Costa Rica (new record), Trinidad & Tobago and Colombia. Also recorded from USA (Washington D.C.), Records from elsewhere in the USA and from Dominica, Barbados, Mexico, French Guiana, Guyana, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Chile require confirmation.

HOSTS. Reared, together with Cheiloneurus nasica sp.nov. ( Hymenoptera : Encyrtidae ) from Acerophagus alexte Noyes ( Hymenoptera : Encyrtidae ) parasitising Nipaecoccus nipae (Maskell) ( Hemiptera : Pseudococcidae ) on Psidium guajava L. ( Myrtales : Myrtaceae ) (see below and p. 441 and Noyes, 2010). Also recorded below from Phenacoccus madeirensis ( = grenadensis ) Green ( Hemiptera : Pseudococcidae ) on cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz ; Malpighiales : Euphorbiaceae ) and Phenacoccus Cockerell on tomato ( Solanum lycopersicon L.; Solanales : Solanaceae ).

MATERIAL EXAMINED.

Type material. Lectotype E of dactylopii : “ 117004 ” “CoType” “ Cheiloneurus dactylopii How. E Cotype ” “E Cheiloneurus dactylopii Howard det. J.S. Noyes, 1978 LECTOTYPE ” “LECTO_TYPE” ( USNM)

Non type material. COSTA RICA, 1E, Guanacaste, Santa Rosa NP, Est. Murcielago , 10m, 12.ii.1995 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, Guanacaste, Murcielago, 3m NNW Cerro Guanchipelin, LN 323000 336500, 40m, 28.ii.1996 (M. Araya); 1E, Guanacaste, Sta. Rosa NP, Hacienda 1-0, 2-28.xii.1985 - 18.i.1986 (Janzen, Gauld); 1E, Guanacaste, Sta. Rosa NP, Hacienda 1-0, 2-23.iii.1986 (Janzen, Gauld); 1E, Guanacaste, Sta. Rosa NP, Hacienda 1-0, 23.iii-13.iv.1986 (Janzen, Gauld); 1E, Guanacaste, Santa Rosa NP, H 10, 25.iv- 16.v.1987 (D. Janzen, I.D. Gauld); 1E, Guanacaste, Santa Rosa NP, H 10, 16.v-6.vi.1987 (D. Janzen, I.D. Gauld); 1E, Guanacaste, Sta. Rosa NP, Hacienda 3-0, 2-23.iii.1986 (Janzen, Gauld); 1E, Guanacaste, Sta. Rosa NP, Hacienda 4-C, 31.i-21.ii.1987 (Janzen, Gauld); 1E, Guanacaste, Sta. Rosa NP, Sn. Emilio 8-C, 8.ii- 1.iii.1986 (Janzen, Gauld); 1E, Guanacaste, Santa Rosa NP , 0-300m, ii.2001 (J.S. Noyes); 2E, Guanacaste, Santa Cruz, PN Marino las Baulas, LN 258040 332690, 0m, #59489, 20.ix-16.x.2000 (Y. Cárdenas); 1E, Guanacaste, Santa Cruz, Vista de la Mar, Torre Cocesna, LN 357400 235430, 970m, #61247, xii.2000 - i.2001 (Y. Cárdenas); 1E, Guanacaste, PN Palo Verde, Camino de Alto Viejo, LN 386300 260770, 40m, 9.iv- 8.v.2001 (I. Jiménez); 1E, Guanacaste, PN Palo Verde, Sector Catalina, Ojo de Agua, LN 388500 257300, 20m, #62106, 13.iii-9.iv.2001 (I. Jiménez); 2E, Alajuela, Aguas Zarcas, La Chiles, cafe, iii.1990 (P. Hanson); 1E, Alajuela, San Pedro de la Tigra, cacao, i-ii.1990 (R. Céspedes); 1E, Heredia, Santo Domingo, 1200m, ii-iii.2016 (P. Hanson); 2E, Heredia, Santo Domingo, 1200m, MT, vi.2016 (P. Hanson); 6E, 4G, Heredia, Santo Domingo, ex Nipaecoccus nipae on Psidium guajava , i.1987 (P. Hanson); 1E, Heredia, Sana Rosa de Heredia, INBio, 1100m, #58654, 5.ix-5.x.2000 (R. Zuñiga); 1E, Heredia, Santo Domingo, INBio Parque, LN 526200 217300, 1100m, #621036, xii.2000 - i.2001 (R. Zuñiga); 4E, Heredia, Santo Domingo, INBio Parque, LN 217300 526200, 1100m, #62082, i-iii.2001 (R. Zuñiga); 1E, Heredia, Santo Domingo, INBio Parque, 1100m, 19.ii.2001 (J.S. Noyes); 2E, Heredia, Santo Domingo, INBio Parque, LN 217300 526200, 1100m, #62083, iii-iv.2001 (R. Zuñiga); 2E, Heredia, Santo Domingo, INBio Parque, LN 217300 526200, 1100m, #62271, v.2001 (R. Zuñiga); 3E, Heredia, Santo Domingo, INBio Parque, LN 526250 217400, 1100m, iii.2002 (J.A. Azofeifa, J.S. Noyes); 5E, Heredia, Santo Domingo, INBio Parque, LN 526250 217400, 1100m, 1-12.iv.2002 ( D. Rubí, J.S. Noyes ); 3E, Heredia, Santo Domingo, INBio Parque, 9°59’N 84°06’W, 1100m, 11-26.ii.2006 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, Heredia, Santo Domingo, INBio Parque, 9°59’N 84°06’W, 1100m, 16.ii.2013 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, Cartago, Turrialba, CATIE, YPT, ix.1994 (P. Hanson). TRINIDAD & TOBAGO, 2E, Trinidad, Piarco, C.I.E. A5306, 72-6, ex Phenacoccus on Sida , xii.1971 (F.D. Bennett); 4E, Trinidad, Curepe, ex Phenacoccus sp. on tomato, ix.1983 (F.D. Bennett). COLOMBIA, 3E, 1G, Cali, CIAT, ex Phenacoccus grenadensis on cassava, xi.1977 (F.D. Bennett). Material in MZUCR, NHMUK, USNM, UCR, TAMU and MLP.

COMMENTS. Prochiloneurus dactylopii is very similar to modestus (see comments under modestus , p. 480).