Uanauna, Gonçalves & Souto & Mermudes & Silveira, 2019

Gonçalves, Lucas Campello-, Souto, Paula M., Mermudes, José R. M. & Silveira, Luiz F. L., 2019, Uanauna gen. nov., a new genus of fireflies endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic forest (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), with key to brazilian genera of Lucidotina, Zootaxa 4585 (1), pp. 59-72 : 62-66

Uanauna gen. nov. Campello-Gonçalves, Souto, Mermudes & Silveira 2019

( Figs 2–46 )

Type species. Uanauna angaporan Campello-Gonçalves, Souto, Mermudes & Silveira sp. nov., by monotypy.

Etymology. Uanauna is a composite word, gender neutral. From Tupi-guarani language: Uana, a corrupted form of Uãuã, firefly; and Una, black. ( Bueno 1998)

Distribution ( Fig. 1 ). Rio de Janeiro State, at the northernmost part of the Serra do Mar, Southeastern Brazil (Angra dos Reis, Itaguaí and Rio de Janeiro).

Diagnosis. Eye ( Figs. 4–8 ) as wide as 1/5 head width in frontal view; antennal sockets ( Fig. 7 ) separated by 3/ 4 clypeus width, sockets reniform, 1.7x longer than wide; antenna filiform ( Figs. 3 , 11–12 ) and compressed, longer than half body size; clypeus ( Figs. 4 , 7 ) 5x wider than long, connected to frons by membrane; hypomeron ( Fig. 15 ) 2x wider than tall, with ventral margin sinuous; apical maxillary palpus ( Figs. 5–10 ) fusiform, as long as antennomere III; labial palpus ( Figs. 7–10 ) securiform, as long as apical maxillary palpus length; elytra (Figs. 2,22–24) subparallel up to posterior 1/3; r3 crossvein absent ( Fig. 25 ); sternum VI and VII without lanterns ( Fig. 3 , 29–31 ); sternum VIII ( Fig. 3 , 29–31 ) 1,8x longer than VII, with posterior margin emarginate, and lateral margins rounded; syntergite symmetric; sternum IX ( Figs. 32–34 ) with a subapical pedunculated appendix, slightly curved dorsally and cleft posteriad; aedeagus ( Figs. 35–37 ) sclerotized; phallobase asymmetric; endophallus indistinct with apical ring slightly sclerotized; parammeres symmetric, tapering abruptly toward apex, separated each other and 3/4 shorter than phallus.

Description. Male. Head. approximately 0,8x narrower than anterior distance between hypomera ( Fig. 3 ), completely covered by pronotum, almost 2x wider than tall ( Fig. 4–8 ), 1,6x wider than long, lateral margins strongly convergent posteriad; eye ( Figs. 4–8 ) as wide as 1/5 head width in frontal view, anterior internal margins slightly rounded and subparallel; frons prominent ( Figs. 5, 7 ); vertex ( Figs. 5, 7–10 ) slightly convex; antennal sockets reniforms ( Fig. 4 , 7 ), separated by 3/4 clypeus width, 1,7x longer than wide. Antenna filiform ( Figs. 3 , 11– 12 ), 11-segmented, approximately ¾ body size, covered in short decumbent bristles, scape slightly clavate, pedicel slightly longer than wide, approximately 1/2 scape length, antennomeres compressed and longs, III slightly shorter than IV, IV–XI subequal in length; clypeus connected to frons by membrane ( Fig. 4 , 7 ), 5x wider than long, as wide as apical maxillary palpus; mandible ( Figs. 4–8 ) slender, monotonically and smoothly arcuate, apex acute, without internal tooth, with a basal wisp of bristles; maxillary palpus ( Figs. 4–10 ) 4-segmented, IV> II> I> III, palpomere IV fusiform, 3x longer than II, almost as long as III; cardo and stipes well-sclerotized, lacinia with dense minute bristles; labial palpus ( Figs. 4 , 7–10 ) 3-segmented, III> I> II, palpomere III securiform. Mentum well-sclerotized, completely divided sagittally; submentum ( Fig. 6 ) ellipsoid and sclerotized; gular sutures biconcave and distinct; gular bar transverse, almost as wide as submentum, as sclerotized as head capsule; occiput ( Figs. 9, 10 ) subcordiform as wide as 1/2 head width in posterior view, as tall as 1/2 head in posterior view.

Thorax. pronotum ( Fig. 13–16 ) semicircular, 1,5x longer than head length, approximately 1,3x wider than long, lightly punctated with shallows and equidistant punctures in the anterior most area, except for a marginal single line of deeper and distinct punctures, with short and upright bristles, lateral margins almost subparallel, slightly divergent posteriad and slightly declined in lateral view, disc slightly convex, posterior margin almost as wide as distance between elytral humeri, anterior angle rounded. Hypomeron ( Fig. 15 ) 2x longer than high, without punctures, with ventral margin almost straight, slightly sinuous; prosternum ( Figs. 14 ) 20x wider than lesser length, prosternal process wide, lesser width as wide as 1/7 prosternal width, anterior margin slightly emarginate medially; proendosternite ( Figs. 14, 16 ) 1/3 prosternum width; mesoscutellum ( Fig. 17 ) finely punctured, with posteriad margin somewhat truncate. Elytra ( Figs. 2 , 22–24 ) almost subparallel-sided, 3,5x longer than wide, with primary and secondary pubescence, lateral explanation of the elytron very short. Wing ( Fig. 25 ) well developed and oblong; C anteriad curved in ¼ of wing width, then fused to Sc; Sc evanescent interrupted at the distal apex of the radial cell; radial cell and r4 evanescent; radial cell 3x wider than long; r3 absent; RA sclerotized and distant from anterior margin; RP evanescent; MP3 evanescent; MP3 + 4, CuA, Cup + AA3 e AA3 evanescent; J evanescente, almost 1/3 AP length. Alinotum ( Fig. 18 ) 1,3x wider than long, lateral margins convergent posteriad; posterior margin slightly emarginate medially; allocrista distinct, scutoscutellar ridge distinct, scutum-prescutal plates sclerotized, reaching posterior margin of alinotum, metascutellum glabrous; metapostnotal plate rounded, medially indented. Mesosternum ( Fig. 19 ) sclerotized, with posterior margin rounded; metasternum slightly depressed by the mesocoxae, anterior medial keel distinct until 2/5 sternum length, lateral margins almost biconvex, convergents posteriad; mesosternum/mesanepisternum suture indistinct; mesanepisternum/mesepimeron suture conspicuous. Mesendosternum ( Fig. 19 ) with two irregular parasagittal projections, turned outwards; metendosternum ( Fig. 19, 20 ) spatulate. Tibial spurs absent. Trochantin sparsely setose in pro and mesolegs; protrochantin as wide as 1/2 procoxal width, touching procoxa medially; mesotrochantin as wide as 1/2 mesocoxal width. Procoxae ( Fig. 26 ) tapering distally; trochanter proximo-distal division indistinct; femur ( Figs. 26–28 ) as long as tibia ( Fig. 26 ); tarsi I> V> IV> II> III; IV bilobed ( Fig. 26 ).

Abdomen. spiracles dorsal, at sternum edge; tergum II–VII with lateral margins straight; sternum VI–VII without lanterns; sternum VIII with a pair of lateral rounded lantern spots ( Fig. 29–31 ).

Male. sternum II–IX visible ( Fig. 3 , 29–31 ); sternum VIII 1,8x longer than VII, with anterior margin slightly emarginate, and lateral margins distinctly rounded ( Fig. 29–31 ); syntergite ( Figs. 32–34 ) symmetric, sutures indisctinct; sternum IX ( Figs. 32–34 ) with a subapical peduncle lightly curved dorsally, cleft posteriad; pygidium ( Figs. 38–41 ) 1/3 longer than wide, apical third abruptly folded ventrad at straight angle, region of the fold emarginated in dorsal view; aeadeagus ( Figs. 35–37 ) esclerotized; endophallus indistinct with apical ring slightly sclerotized; parameres symmetrics, completely separated from each other, 3/4 shorter than phallus, abruptly tapering at half length, tightly curved ventrally at straight angle at half length, well sclerotized, at least with a circular spot slightly sclerotized at base of each paramere.

Female. ( Figs. 42–46 ) sternum II–VIII visible; sternum VIII with lateral margins rounded, convergent posteriad, posterior margin with a median projection, slightly emarginated posteriad; spiculum ventrale ( Fig. 44 ) short apically truncate; pygidium ( Fig. 45 ) with lateral margin rounded, posterior margin with two parassagital sinuosities, median third projected, longer than posterior angles, with posterior margin slightly rounded, posterior angle rudimentary and somewhat acute; ovopositor ( Fig. 46 ) with baculus sclerotized, coxites membranous connected by membrane,styli distinct and sclerotized.

Remarks. Uanauna gen. nov. is unique amongst the lampyrids by the male terminal apparatus: a Yshaped subapical peduncle. The new genus has characteristics that fit the Lucidotina: antenna longer than 1/2 body size ( Figs. 3 , 11–12 ), strongly arched mandibles ( Figs. 5–8 ) and dorsally oriented spiracles, and nonluminous diurnal species ( McDermott 1966). For the sake of convenience, the characteristics of the new genus will be compared to those of Lucidotina with South American occurrence. Although its phylogenetic relationships within Lucidotina have not yet been determined, Uanauna gen. nov. shares many similarities with Luciuranus Silveira, Khattar and Mermudes 2016a , such as: reduced body size (less than 1 cm); absence of r3 crossvein; sternum VI and VII without lanterns; sternum IX asymmetric; pygidium longer than wide with rounded lateral margins converging posteriad; symmetric parameres tapering towards the apex. However, Uanauna gen. nov. differs from it in the membranous fronto-clypeal suture (oblitarate in Luciuranus ), alinotum with scutum-prescutal ridges reaching posterior margin (not reaching in Luciuranus ), and the terminal structures of the male abdomen ( Tab. 1 ). The new genus also differs from Pyractonema Solier, 1849; Dilychnia Motschulsky, 1853; Pseudolychnuris Motschulsky, 1853; Ankonophallus Caballero e Heredia 2014b; Pyropyga Motschulsky, 1852 in its antennal shape (filiform and compressed in Uanauna gen. nov. and serrated in the others), and the pedunculated terminal appendix, typical and possibly unique in lampyridae . Platylampis Motschulsky, 1854 species likely comprises an artificial taxon, as it comprises a diverse array of species (LS, pers. ob.). However, Platylampis spp. never have the unique pedunculated structure of the sternum IX, typical of Uanauna gen. nov.. Beyond Lucidotina, Uanuauna gen. nov. is also superficially similar to the photinina genus Pyropyga Motschulsky, 1853, from which it differs in the membranous fronto-clypeal connection (fully merged in Pyropyga), also by the terminal structures of the male, in contrast r3 crossvein absent are observed in both taxa ( Tab. 1 ). Because of the shared characteristics between the terminals cited taxa and their own characteristic morphological, we propose the structures of terminalia, namely the pygidium and sternum VIII and IX, work together as a lock-and-key mechanism, in the same way as proposed for other genera of the family, such as the lucidotine Luciuranus and the lucioline Pteroptyx .

Figures

FIGURE 1. Uanauna angaporan gen. et sp. nov. has so far been collected only at the Rio de Janeiro State, at the northernmost part of the Serra do Mar, Southeastern Brazil.

FIGURE 4. Schematic drawing of the head of Uanauna angaporan gen. et sp. nov., in frontal view. Abbreviations: VT, vertex; FR, frons; AS, antennal sockets; EY, eye; CL, clypeus; LA, labrum; MA, mandible; LP, labial palpus; MP, maxilar palpus.

FIGURES 5–12. Uanauna angaporan sp. nov.: 5–10, male head overview, 5, dorsal; 6, ventral; 7, frontal; 8, lateral; 9, posterior; 10, occipital; 11–12, antenna, 11,dorsal; 12, lateral. Scale bar: 0.5mm (5–12).

FIGURES 2–3. Uanauna angaporan sp. nov. male habitus: 2, dorsal; 3, ventral. Scale bar: 1mm (2–3).

FIGURES 13–16. Uanauna angaporan sp. nov.: 13–16, pronotum, 13, dorsal; 14, ventral; 15, lateral; 16, posterior. Scale bar: 0.5mm (13–16).

FIGURES 17–21. Uanauna angaporan sp. nov.: 17, mesoscutellum, dorsal; 18, alinotum, dorsal; 19, pterothorax, dorsal (metasternum/metaepisternum suture unintentionally broken); 20, mesoendoesternite, dorsal; 21, metaendoesternite, dorsal. Scale bar: 1 mm (17–19); 0.5mm (20–21).

FIGURES 22–28. Uanauna angaporan sp. nov.: 22–24 elytron; 22, dorsal; 23, lateral; 24, ventral; 25, left wing, dorsal; 26, proleg; 27, mesoleg; 28, metaleg; Scale bar: 2mm (22–28).

FIGURES 29–31. Uanauna angaporan sp. nov.: 29–31, abdomen, 29, lateral; 30, ventral; 31, oblique. Scale bar:1mm (29– 31).

FIGURES 32–41. Uanauna angaporan sp. nov.: 32-34 male sternum IX, 32, ventral; 33, lateral; 34, oblique; 35–37 aedeagus, 35, dorsal; 36, lateral; 37, ventral; pygidium, 38, dorsal; 39–40, lateral; 41, ventral. Scale bar: 0.5mm (32–41).

FIGURES 42–46. Uanauna angaporan sp. nov.: 42–43 female habitus, 42, dorsal; 43, ventral; 44, sternum VIII, ventral; 45, pygidium, dorsal; 46, ovipositor. Scale bar: 0.5mm (42–46).