Neommatocarcinidae, Stevcic, 2011

GUINOT, DANIÈLE, TAVARES, MARCOS & CASTRO, PETER, 2013, Significance of the sexual openings and supplementary structures on the phylogeny of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura), with new nomina for higher-ranked podotreme taxa, Zootaxa 3665 (1), pp. 1-414 : 290-298

Neommatocarcinidae

Neommatocarcinus huttoni (Filhol, 1885) , male 6.7 x 15.5 mm, New Zealand (BMNH 84.31)

Ocypodidae

Ocypode cursor ( Linnaeus, 1758) , male 38.0 × 49.0 mm, Senegal, near Dakar (MNHN) (dissected; see Guinot 1979a: fig. 56 A, B); male 36.0 × 45.0 mm, Senegal, Dakar (MNHN)

Uca (Minuca) rapax (Smith, 1870) , male 15.0 × 23.0 mm, West Indies (MNHN-B22540)

Uca (Uca) tangeri (Eydoux, 1835) , male 26.0 × 39.0 mm, Senegal, Dakar ( MNHN-B12027 )

Uca (Minuca) thayeri Rathbun, 1900 , male 20.0 × 31.0 mm, French Guiana (MNHN-B12049)

Oregoniidae

Chionoecetes tanneri Rathbun, 1893 , male 49.0 × 53.0 mm, Baja California (MNHN-B17805)

Hyas coarctatus Leach, 1815 , male 67.0 × 51.0 mm, Iceland (MNHN-B21694)

Oregonia gracilis Dana, 1851 , female 36 × 19 mm, Alaska, Albatross (MNHN-B19500)

Orithyiidae

Orithyia sinica (Linnaeus, 1771) , male 80.0 × 74.0 mm, female 59.0 × 58.0 mm, North China Sea (MNHN- B 11612) ; females cw 52.0 mm, 50.0 × 50.0 mm, China, Hebei Province ( MNHN-B31016 ) ; female, unknown origin, 64.0 × 60.0 mm (dry), no data ( MNHN-B93 )

Oziidae

Ozius rugulosus Stimpson, 1858 , male 36.0 × 51.0 mm, Madagascar (MNHN-B8755)

Eupilumnus globosus ( Dana, 1852) , male 15.3 × 12.8 mm, French Polynesia, Tahiti (MNHN-B8342)

† Palaeocorystidae

† Notopocorystes stokesii (Mantell, 1844) , 22.0 × 12.5 mm, England, Upper Greensand at Cambridge and the Gault at Folkestone (BMNH-Pal 17958); Middle Albian, indeterminate sex, 35 × 22 mm (overall), France, Calais, Escalles (MAB k. 2870)

† Eucorystes iserbyti Van Bakel, Guinot, Artal, Fraaije & Jagt, 2012 , Middle Albian, indeterminate sex, height of image 6 mm, France, Marne (MAB k. 2871)

Palicidae

Exopalicus maculatus (Edmondson, 1930) , male 7.2 × 5.5 mm, female 6.8 × 5.5 mm, Réunion (MNHN-B26785)

Miropalicus vietnamensis (Zarenkov, 1968) , males 7.1 × 9.6 mm, 7.6 × 9.8 mm, female 9.6 × 13.6 mm, Indonesia, Tanimbar I. (MNHN-B26765)

Neopalicus contractus (Rathbun, 1902) , male 10.0 × 11.0 mm, New Caledonia (MNHN-B27140), female 11.0 × 11.3 mm, Seychelles (MNHN-B27144)

Palicoides longimanus (Miyake, 1936) , female 14.4 × 16.3 mm, New Caledonia, Ouen I. (MNHN-B26791)

Palicoides whitei (Miers, 1884) , male and female, Japan, Okinawa ( USNM); male 9.6 × 8.8mm, Seychelles ( MNHN-B26798 )

Palicus acutifrons (A. Milne-Edwards, 1880), female 6.9 × 7.7 mm, Atlantic Ocean, unknown location (MNHN- B16028)

Palicus caronii (Roux, 1828) , female 7.2 × 8.4 mm, St. Helena (MNHN-B17825); female 8.3 × 9.5 mm, Senegal (MNHN-B16342); male 9.0 × 1.01 mm, Canary Is. (MNHN-B16335)

Palicus zonatus (Rathbun, 1893) , male 10 × 13 mm, Mexico, Gulf of California , off Pta. San Marcial (MNHN- B 26745)

Parapalicus clinodentatus Castro, 2000 , male 5.8 × 9.4 mm, female 7.7 × 11.1 mm, Fiji (MNHN-B27647); female 10.4 × 13.2 mm, New Caledonia (MNHN-B26881)

Pseudopalicus acanthodactylus Castro, 2000 , female 10.8 × 13.4 mm, New Caledonia (MNHN-B26968)

Pseudopalicus amadaibai (Sakai, 1963) , male 10.1 × 13.0 mm, Indonesia, Tanimbar I. (MNHN-B26739); female 11.6 × 13.7 mm, Indonesia, Tanimbar I. (MNHN-B26828); male 10.2 × 12.3 mm, Fiji (MNHN-B27133)

Pseudopalicus glaber Castro, 2000 , female cl 11.0 mm, New Caledonia (MNHN-B30787); male 9.0 × 11.5 mm, New Caledonia (MNHN-B30789)

Pseudopalicus investigatoris (Alcock, 1900) , male 23.7 × 30.5 mm, female 17.5 × 23.1 mm, Philippines, Panglao I. (MNHN-B29730); female 17.5 × 23.1 mm, Philippines, Panglao I. (MNHN-B29730); male 10.3 × 12.0 mm, Philippines (MNHN-B26905); female 22.3 × 26.3 mm, New Caledonia (MNHN-B26745)

Pseudopalicus macromeles Castro, 2000 , female 8.5 × 10.3 mm, paratype, Western Australia ( MNHN-B26689 )

Pseudopalicus oahuensis (Rathbun, 1906) , female 8.3 × 12.1 mm, New Caledonia (MNHN); Australia (MNHN) Pseudopalicus pictus Castro, 2000 , female 7.3 × 8.4 mm, French Polynesia (MNHN-B26818) Pseudopalicus undulatus Castro, 2000 , male 7.4 × 9.7 mm, female 10.1 × 13.5 mm, Fiji (MNHN-B27132); male

7.1 × 9.1 mm, Fiji (MNHN-B27134) Panopeidae Eucratopsinae Cycloplax pinnotheroides Guinot, 1969 , male 6.0 × 7.2 mm, holotype, 7.0 × 9.0 mm, paratype, French Guiana, off

Cayenne (MNHN-B10130) Cyrtoplax schmitti Rathbun, 1935 , male 13.0 × 18.0 mm, paratype, Ecuador, Salada (MNHN-B10128) Cyrtoplax spinidentata ( Benedict, 1892) , male 15.8 × 22 mm, Puerto Rico, Boquerón Bay, (MNHN-B10129); male

12. × 17.5 mm, Brazil, Pernambuco (MNHN-B31526) Eucratopsis crassimanus (Dana, 1851) , male 8 × 10 mm, cotype of Eucratoplax guttata A. Milne-Edwards, 1880,

Sombrero I. (MNHN-B10154) Glyptoplax pugnax Smith, 1870 , male 6.5 × 9.0 mm, Panamá (MNHN-B10151) Malacoplax californiensis (Lockington, 1877) , male 10.0 × 14.0 mm, Mexico, Gulf of California (MNHN-

B 10212) Prionoplax ciliata Smith, 1870 , male, Ecuador ( MNHN-B10246 ) ; male, 13.4 × 20.3 mm, Panamá, Venado

(MNHN-B24490) Prionoplax spinicarpus H. Milne Edwards, 1852 , male 14.8 × 22.2 mm, holotype [? China] (MNHN-B10347) Tetraplax quadridentata (Rathbun, 1898) , male 8.3 × 10.2 mm, Trinidad (MNHN-B10252) Panopeinae Panopeus africanus A. Milne-Edwards, 1867, male 33.0 × 51.0 mm, Gabon, Libreville (MNHN-B7774) Parathelphusidae Sayamia germaini (Rathbun, 1902) , male 35.9 × 44.0 mm, holotype of Potamon (Parathelphusa) germaini ,

Vietnam ( MNHN-B5162 ) Sendleria genuitei Guinot, 1987 , male 22.0 × 29.0 mm, holotype , Papua New Guinea, New Britain, Nakanai

Mountains, Kururu cave (MNHN-B17968) Parthenopoidea Daldorfiinae Daldorfia horrida ( Linnaeus, 1758) , male 70 × 99 mm, female 54 × 77 mm, New Caledonia (MNHN-B31474);

female 73 × 103 mm, Red Sea (MNHN-B31473) Parthenopinae Cryptopodia fistulosa Chiong & Ng 1994 , male 35 × 56 mm Western Australia, Shark’s Bay (MNHN-B8563) Derilambrus angulifrons (Latreille, 1825) , female 34 × 44.2, Portugal (MNHN-B31482); male 27.5 × 28 mm,

Italy, Bay of Naples (MNHN-B31483) Parthenopoides massena s.l. ( Roux, 1830), female 9 × 10 mm, Azores, São Miguel I., Ponta Delgada (MNHN-

B31472), male 13 × 13.2 mm, Faial I. (MNHN-B31471) Phyllotymolinidae Genkaia keijii Tavares, 1993 , female 3.9 × 4.0 mm, holotype, New Caledonia (MNHN-B24619) Phyllotymolinum crosnieri Tavares, 1993 , male 5.7 × 6.9 mm holotype, New Caledonia (MNHN-B24617) Pilumnidae Halimedinae Halimede fragifer (De Haan, 1835) , male 14.8 × 18.0 mm, Indian Ocean (MNHN); Halimede tyche (Herbst, 1801) , male 6.0 × 7.4 mm, Indonesia, Java Sea (MNHN-B20928) Pilumninae Actumnus setifer (De Haan, 1835) , male 10.5 × 14.0 mm, Madagascar (MNHN - B20944) Heteropilumnus fimbriatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1834) , male 4.7 × 7.0 mm, Djibouti (MNHN-B8574) Pilumnus spinifer H. Milne Edwards, 1834 , male 16.0 × 22.0 mm, Spain, Cadaques (MNHN-B12944) Percnidae Percnon abbreviatum (Dana, 1851) , female 11.3 × 14.6 mm, Clipperton I. (MNHN-B30390) Percnon gibbesi (H. Milne Edwards, 1853) , male 30.0 × 27.0 mm, Senegal (MNHN-B13203) Percnon guinotae Crosnier 1965 , ovig. female 38.3 × 33.6 mm, Madagascar (MNHN-B27975)

Percnon planissimum (Herbst, 1804) , male 31.0 × 31.0 mm, French Polynesia (MNHN-B13206); female 25.6 × 23. 5 mm, Oman, Mashira I. (MNHN-B38349)

Pilumnoidida e

Pilumnoides perlatus (Poeppig, 1836) , male 21.0 × 26.0 mm, Chile (MNHN-B16561)

Pinnotheridae

Dissodactylus crinitichelis Moreira, 1901 , male 4.6 × 7.0 mm, Brazil, Alagoas ( MZUSP 24231 )

Ostracotheres tridacnae (Rüppell, 1830) , male 9 × 8.6 mm, Suez (MNHN-B10758)

Pinnixa transversalis (H. Milne Edwards & Lucas, 1842) , male, Chile (MNHN-B10608)

Pinnotheres pisum (Linnaeus, 1767) , male 4.7 × 4.6 mm, hard stage, Atlantic Ocean, France, La Rochelle (MNHN- B 10604)

Pisidae

Libinia spinosa H. Milne Edwards in Guérin, 1832, male 43.0 × 42.0, female 42.0 × 40.4 (both dry), Brazil, M. Freycinet ( MNHN-B4453 ); 1 male (dry), Patagonia, M. d’Orbigny ( MNHN-B389 )

Pisa tetraodon ( Pennant, 1777) , male 50.0 × 37.0 mm, France, Noirmoutier I. (MNHN-B20468)

Phalangipus longipes ( Linnaeus, 1758) , male 17.0 × 14.0 mm, Red Sea (MNHN-B19600)

Plagusiidae

Davusia glabra ( Dana, 1852) , male 31.0 × 33.0 mm, female 26.0 × 28.5 mm, Australia, New South Wales ( MNHN-B11690 )

Euchirograpsus americanus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880, male 12.2 × 14.0 mm, Florida (MNHN-B6374)

Euchirograpsus liguricus H. Milne Edwards, 1853 , male 24.6 × 27.0 mm, Gulf of Guinea (MNHN-B24082)

Euchirograpsus timorensis Türkay, 1975 , male 17.0 × 19.0 mm, Tasman Sea, Norfolk Ridge ( MNHN-B28387 )

Guinusia chabrus ( Linnaeus, 1758) , male 69.3 × 78. 9mm, female 74.0 × 81.0 mm, southern Indian Ocean, New Amsterdam I. (MNHN-B7211)

Guinusia dentipes (De Haan, 1835) , male 29.0 × 32.0 mm, Japan, as Plagusia dentipes (MNHN-B11692)

Miersiograpsus australiensis Türkay, 1978 , male 7.6 × 8.2 mm, Tasman Sea, Norfolk Ridge ( MNHN-B28393 )

Plagusia immaculata Lamarck, 1818 , male 35.0 × 30.8 mm, Vietnam (MNHN-B27676); male 29.1 × 30.7 mm, Pondichery (MNHN-B11702)

Plagusia depressa (Fabricius, 1775) , male 40.0 × 44.0 mm, Senegal (MNHN-B11693); female 27.0 × 30.0 mm (MNHN-B31628)

Plagusia squamosa (Herbst, 1790) , male cw 55.0 mm, French Polynesia (MNHN-B8889), male 47.0 × 49.0 mm, dissected, French Polynesia (MNHN-B29591)

Planopilumnidae

Planopilumnus orientalis Balss, 1933 , male 12.0 × 16.3 mm, Madagascar, Nossi-Bé I. (MNHN-B16564)

Platyxanthidae

Danielethus crenulatus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1879), male 4.01 × 57.0 mm, lectotype, Argentina, Patagonia ( MNHN-B14021 )

Homalaspis plana (H. Milne Edwards, 1834) , male 35.0 × 53.0 mm, Chile (MNHN-B8592)

Platyxanthus orbignyi (H. Milne Edwards & Lucas, 1843) , male 79.0 × 121.0 mm, Perú, Pisco Bay (MNHN- B2772)

Peloeus armatus Eydoux & Souleyet, 1842 , male 38.0 × 58.0 mm, syntype (dry, now rehydrated), “Sandwich Islands” (probably erroneous locality; see Castro 2011: 44) (MNHN-B13144)

Portunidae

Carcininae

Carcinus maenas ( Linnaeus, 1758) , male 50.0 × 66.0 mm, France, Saint Vaast (MNHN-B31007)

Podophthalminae

Podophthalmus vigil ( Fabricius, 1798) , male 35.0 × 80.0 mm, Madagascar (MNHN-B31007)

Portuninae

Cavoportunus dubius (Laurie, 1906) , male 18.1 × 21.9 mm, Réunion (MNHN-B8802); male 15.0 × 19.0, same data, CP. 55 (MNHN-B8802)

Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896 , male 82.0 × 184.0 mm, Atlantic coast of U.SA. (MNHN-B11256); female 61.0 × 150.0 mm, Canada, Saint George’s Bay (MNHN-B5485)

Portunus (Portunus) sanguinolentus sanguinolentus (Herbst, 1783) , male cl 58.0 mm, New Caledonia (MNHN- B 30928)

Portunus pelagicus ( Linnaeus, 1758) sensu lato, male 29.0 × 61.0 mm, female 60.0 × 134.0 mm, New Caledonia (MNHN-B12457) (see Lai et al. 2010)

Portunus granulatus granulatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1834) , male 18.0 × 25.0 mm, female 19.0 × 26.0 mm, Madagascar (MNHN-B8884)

Thalamitinae

Charybdis (Goniosupradens) erythrodactyla ( Lamarck, 1818) , male 61.0 × 68.0 mm, Hawaiian Is. (MNHN- B5589)

Thalamita cf. prymna (Herbst, 1803) , male 43.6 × 69.4 mm, Oman (MNHN-B27687)

Thalamita spinicarpa Wee & Ng, 1995 , 34.4 × 54.6 mm, Philippines, Cebu (MNHN)

Potamidae

Potamon (Pontipotamon) ibericum tauricum (Czerniavsky, 1884) , male 36.0 × 46.0 mm, France, near Nice, la Cagne River (introduced) (MNHN-B29618)

Pupamon prabang (Yeo & Naiyanetr, 1999) , male 34.0 × 44.2 mm, paratype of Dromothelphusa prabang , northern Laos ( MNHN-B25724 )

Potamonautidae

Deckenia imitatrix Hilgendorf, 1869 , male 28.0 × 35.0 mm, Senegal, Sambourou (MNHN-B17698)

Deckenia mitis Hilgendorf, 1869 , male 20.2 × 36.2 mm, Kenya, Lake Tiwi (MNHN-B5190)

Hydrothelphusa agilis A. Milne-Edwards, 1872, male 36.0 × 47.0 mm, Madagascar (MNHN-B25749)

Hydrothelphusa madagascariensis A. Milne-Edwards, 1872, male, Madagascar (MNHN-B25557)

Poupiniidae

Poupinia hirsuta Guinot, 1991 , male 48.0 × 38.0 mm, holotype; female 54.0 × 41.0 mm, allotype, French Polynesia ( MNHN-B24346 )

Progeryonidae

Paragalene longicrura (Nardo, 1868) , female 43.5 × 60.3 mm, Italy, Bay of Naples (MNHN-B6457); male 33.0 × 43.7 mm, Italy, Bay of Naples (BMNH 1959.5.26.187–188)

Progeryon guinotae Crosnier, 1976 , female 44.8 × 58.7 mm, Seychelles (MNHN-B19112)

Progeryon mararae Guinot & Richer de Forges, 1981 , male 32.0 × 43.4 mm, holotype, French Polynesia, Tuamotu Archipelago ( MNHN-B6790 )

Progeryon vaubani Guinot & Richer de Forges, 1981 , male 35.0 × 44.0 mm, holotype, Loyalty Is. ( MNHN-B6791 )

Rhadinoplax microphthalmus (Guinot & Richer de Forges, 1981) , female 45.8 × 51.4 mm, Philippines, Panglao I. (MNHN-B29735); male 59.7 × 67.5 mm, same data (ZRC 2008.004); female 48.4 × 54.5 mm, Philippines, Balicasag I. (ZRC 2001.0530)

Pseudorhombilidae

Chacellus filiformis Guinot, 1969 , male 32.0 × 43.0 mm, paratype, Gulf of Mexico ( MNHN-B10132 )

Oediplax granulata Rathbun, 1894 , male 33.2 × 48.0 mm, Baja California (MNHN-B24036)

Pseudorhombila octodentata Rathbun, 1906 , male 31.0 × 41.0 mm, Martinique ( MNHN-B10250 ); male 33.8 × 46.3 mm, holotype, Dominica ( USNM 32690 )

Pseudorhombila quadridentata (Rathbun, 1906) , 32.0 × 44.7 mm, Martinique (MNHN-B10251)

Trapezioplax tridentata (A. Milne-Edwards, 1880), male 6.0 × 9.8 mm, Florida, Tortugas (MNHN-B10255)

Pseudothelphusidae

Epithelphusa chiapensis ( Rodríguez & Smalley, 1972) [and not 1969; Guinot et al. manuscript], male 10.0 × 16.0 mm, female 10.5 × 20.7 mm, Mexico, Finca de la Victoria (MZUSP 6380)

Fredius denticulatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1853) , male 48.4 × 74.5 mm, holotype of Pseudothelphusa geayi Nobili, 1904 , French Guiana ( MNHN-B5160 )

Fredius reflexifrons (Ortmann, 1897) , male 32.0 × 56.0 mm, French Guiana (MNHN-B10255)

Fredius stenolobus Rodríguez & Suárez, 1994 , male 50.0 × 72.0 mm, female 45.0 × 65.0 mm, Brazil, Karruciamabi-ú River, tributary of Kunemari River, Panima Basin (MZUSP 13903)

Hypobolocera rathbunae Pretzmann, 1968 , male 29.0 × 35.0 mm, Ecuador, 10 km South of Santo Domingo de los colourados (MZUSP 6383)

Kingsleya latifrons (Randall, 1840) , male 30.7 × 50.6 mm, female 50.5 × 90 mm, Suriname, Lawa River (MZUSP 1887)

Neopseudothelphusa simoni (Rathbun, 1905) , male 25 × 39 mm, Venezuela, Parque Nacional de Guatopo (MZUSP 6383)

Raddaus bocourti (A. Milne-Edwards, 1866), male 30.0 × 42.0 mm, female 35.0 × 51.0 mm, Mexico, Chiapas, km 12 Carretera La Trinitaria-Montebello (MZUSP 9768)

Tehuana veracruzana Rodríguez & Smalley, 1972 , male 29.0 × 41.0 mm, female 35 × 52 mm, Mexico, Salto de Eyipantla, Los Toxtlas , Veracruz ( MZUSP 9767 )

Pseudoziidae

Pseudozius caystrus (Adams & White, 1849) , male 11.0 × 19.0 mm, Frenchy Polynesia , Marquesas Is. (MNHN- B 25908)

Raninidae

Cyrtorhina granulosa Monod, 1956 , male 33.0 × 29.0 mm, holotype (dry), unknown origin, labelled “ Cyrtorina granulosa A. Edw.” ( MNHN-B215 ); female, 47.0 × 41.0mm, male, 38.0 × 33.0 mm, Gulf of Guinea, Principe ( MNHN-B16181 )

Notopoides latus Henderson, 1888 , male 39,4 × 29.0 mm, Philippines (MNHN-B13366)

Notopus dorsipes ( Linnaeus, 1758) , male 17.0 × 12.5 mm,? Philippines (MNHN-B7933)

Ranina ranina ( Linnaeus, 1758) , male 98 × 89 mm, Réunion ( MNHN-B17715 ) ; female cw approximately 80 mm, New Caledonia ( MNHN-B17716 ) ; female 85.8 × 73.1 mm, Madagascar, Tulear , Tavares rev. (MNHN- B 31983) ; male, Madagascar ( MNHN-B7662 )

Ranilia muricata H. Milne Edwards, 1837 , female 10.0 × 8.0 mm syntype of Raninops stimpsoni A. Milne- Edwards , 1880, Florida, west coast ( MNHN-B16170 )

Raninoides bouvieri Capart, 1951 , female cw approximately 17.0 mm, Senegambia (MNHN-B16179); female 20.4 × 11.6 mm, Congo (R.O.C), Pointe-Noire (MNHN-B16188)

Raninoides laevis (Latreille, 1825) , female cl 31.0 mm, lectotype (dry, damaged), no data, previously labelled “ R. dorsipes Lamk. ” ( MNHN-B4648 )

Raninoides crosnieri Ribes, 1989 , female 22.8 × 14.3 mm, holotype Madagascar ( MNHN-B18966 )

Symethis corallica Davie, 1989 , female 24.0 × 15.6 mm, holotype, Coral Sea, Chesterfield Is. ( MNHN-B20795 ); male, paratype, same data ( MNHN-B24039 )

Retroplumidae

Bathypluma forficula Saint Laurent, 1989, females, paratypes 10.3 × 11.7 mm, 12.0 × 14.0 mm, Indonesia, Makassar Strait ( MNHN-B11229 )

Bathypluma spinifer Saint Laurent, 1989, male 11.0 × 12.5 mm, female 11.5 × 13.5 mm, paratypes, Philippines ( MNHN-B7017 )

Retropluma quadrata Saint Laurent, 1989, male 10.0 × 12.0 mm, female 10.4 × 12.0 mm, Philippines (MNHN- B 19535)

Retropluma serenei Saint Laurent, 1989, female 20.4 × 24.2 mm, Philippines (MNHN-B11230)

Rhizopidae

Rhizopa gracilipes Stimpson, 1858 , male 6.3 × 8.8 mm, Thailand (MNHN-B24500)

Typhlocarcinops sp. , male cw 11 mm, Malaysia (MNHN-B10453)

Typhlocarcinus rubidus Alcock, 1900 , male 11.3 × 17 mm, Guf of Suez (MNHN-B10554)

Scalopidiidae

Scalopidia spinosipes Stimpson, 1858 , male 10.0 × 14.0 mm, India, Calcutta (MNHN-B22305); male 16.5 × 22.1 mm (ZRC 1999.0212); female 13.0 × 17.9 mm, 10.4 × 13.4, Singapore (ZRC 1993.261; ZRC 2000.1604).

Sesarmidae

Aratus pisonii (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) , male 20.6 x 19.6 mm, female 20.6 x 19.9 mm, syntypes (dry), Martinique ( MNHN-B3341 ); males 20.4 x 21.7, 21.1 x 21.8 mm, Martinique, M. Plée (dry) (MNHN- B3344 )

Aratus spp. , male 20 × 23.7 mm, female 20.1 × 21.6 mm, Brazil, Guaratiba mangrove near Rio de Janeiro (MNHN- B24512); male, “Expédition du Mexique”, M. Bocourt (dry) ( MNHN-B11022 )

Armases angustipes ( Dana, 1852) , two males, Mexico, Comapa ( MNHN-B16209 )

Chiromantes dehaani (H. Milne Edwards, 1853) , male 29.0 × 33.5 mm, China, Amoy (MNHN-B16236)

Episesarma lafondii (H. Jacquinot in Hombron & H. Jacquinot 1846), female 34 × 35 mm, holotype, “La Zélée Expedition” ( MNHN-B3639 )

Episesarma mederi (H. Milne Edwards, 1853) , male 32.7 × 35.6 mm, Singapore (MNHN-B13320)

Geosesarma peraccae (Nobili, 1903) , male 10.5 × 12.0 mm, Singapore (MNHN-B13228)

Labuanium rotundatum (Hess, 1865) , male 40.1 × 41.1 mm, New Caledonia (MNHN-B16760)

Metagrapsus curvatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) , male 25.6 × 30.7 mm, Congo (R.O. C.), Pointe Noire (MNHN- B 16201)

Metasesarma aubryi (A. Milne-Edwards, 1869), male 18.1 × 21.5 mm, Red Sea, Atjeh (MNHN-B13320)

Neosarmatium ? meinerti (de Man, 1887) , male 28.9 × 34.5, Madagascar (MNHN-B29592) (see Ragionieri et al. 2012)

Pseudosesarma bocourti (A. Milne-Edwards, 1869), male 23.0 × 26.0 mm, Vietnam, Poulo Condor I. [= Con Son] (MNHN-B16223)

Sesarma rectum Randall, 1840 , male, 14.0 × 16.0 mm, Brazil (MNHN-B167 54)

Sotoplacidae

Sotoplax robertsi Guinot, 1984 , male 6.7 × 10.8 mm, holotype, Gulf of Mexico ( MNHN-B8740 ); male 3.3 × 5.1 mm, pre-adult female 3.1 × 4.9 mm, Brazil, Bahia, Camamu Bay ( MZUESC 1196 ) ; ovig. female 6.0 × 10.6 mm, Gulf of Mexico ( ULLZ 6437 )

Thiidae

Thiinae

Thia scutellata ( Fabricius, 1793) , male 17.7 × 19.0 mm, Mediterranean Sea (MNHN-B5416); female 10.0 × 10.0 mm, France, Bay of Seine (MNHN-B28865)

Nautilocorystinae

Nautilocorystes ocellatus (Gray, 1831) , male 39.5 × 34.0 mm, South Africa, Cape of Good Hope ( MNHN-B3924 )

Trichodactylidae

Avotrichodactylus constrictus (Pearse, 1911) , male 18.0 × 22.0 mm, Mexico, Veracruz, Lago de Catemaca, Playa Hermosa ( MZUSP 9766 )

Dilocarcinus pagei pagei Stimpson, 1861 , male 33 × 40 mm, female 28.0 × 31.0 mm, Brazil, Palestina, SP (MZUSP 16920); male 40.0 × 50.0 mm, Bolivia (MNHN-B12813)

Goyazana castelnaui (H. Milne Edwards, 1853) , male 27.0 × 30.0 mm, female 33.0 × 42.0 mm Brazil, Ipueiras, Tocantis (MZUSP 16647)

Moreirocarcinus emarginatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1853) , female 37.0 × 45.0 mm, Brazil, Amazonas, Rio Tiquié, Drenagem, Rio Negro (MZUSP 16412)

Poppiana argentiniana (Rathbun, 1906) , male 21.0 × 26.0 mm, female 22.0 × 25.0 mm, Brazil, Mato Grosso, Baia do Pio ( MZUSP 9503 )

Poppiana dentata (Randall, 1840) , male 25.0 × 33.0 mm, Venezuela (MNHN-B5095)

Rotundovaldivia latidens (A. Milne-Edwards, 1869), male 35.0 × 40.0 mm, Brazil, Igarapé tributary of Amazonas River (MZUSP 4762)

Sylviocarcinus australis Magalhães & Türkay, 1996 , male 22.0 × 25.0 female 21.0 × 23.0 mm Brazil, Pantanal, Miranda River (MZUSP 9888)

Trichodactylus dentatus H. Milne Edwards, 1853 , male 36.0 × 41.0 mm, Brazil, Prado, Bahia, ( MZUSP 10783 ); female 36.0 × 40.0 mm, Brazil, Rio Quilombo , Fazenda Dalila, Registro, São Paulo, ( MZUSP 9945 )

Valdivia serrata White, 1847 , male 44.0 × 53.0 mm, Brazil, Amazonia, Cumeni Lagoon, Tiqué River, tributary of Vauses River (MZUSP 17432); female 44.0 × 49.0 mm, Brazil, Solimões River, Belém (MZUSP 2417)

Zilchiopsis collastinensis (Pretzmann, 1968) , male 43.0 × 48.0 mm, Bolivia, Trinidad, as Zilchiopsis sattleri (MNHN-B12815)

Ucididae

Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763) , male cw 58 mm, Martinique ( MNHN-B29899 ); male 70.0 × 93.0 mm, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro ( MNHN-B13237 )

Varunidae

Cyclograpsus granulatus Dana, 1851 , male 26.0 × 31.0 mm, Uruguay, Montevideo ( MNHN-B12519 )

Eriocheir japonica (De Haan, 1835) , 36.0 × 38.5 mm,? paralectotype, Japan ( MNHN-B12579 )

Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne Edwards, 1853 , male 69.0 × 74.0 mm, without origin (MNHN-B12580); male 37.0 × 41.0 mm, Italy, Elba (MNHN-B12574); male 71 × 75 mm, Belgium, Escaut (MNHN-B12581):

Gaetice depressus ( De Haan, 1833) , male 15.0 × 18.0 mm, China, Amoy (MNHN-B12089)

Helice tridens (De Haan, 1835) , male 29.0 × 34.0 mm,? paralectotype, Japan ( MNHN-B12098 ); male 28 × 33.5 mm, Japan ( MNHN-B12099 )

Metaplax elegans de Man, 1888 , male 10.0 × 15.0 mm, Singapore (MNHN-B21755)

Platyeriocheir formosa (Chan, Hung & Yu, 1995) , male 54.0 × 57.0 mm, paratype, Taiwan ( MNHN-B22733 )

Varuna litterata ( Fabricius, 1798) , male 41.2 × 46.0 mm, New Caledonia, Voh River (MNHN-B22720)

Vultocinidae

Vultocinus anfractus Ng & Manuel-Santos, 2007 , male 28.1 × 29.6 mm, female 29.6 × 30.8 mm, New Caledonia (MNHN-B31646); male 25.4 × 23.4 mm, Philippines, northwest coast of Panglao (ZRC 2008.1472).

Xanthidae

Kraussiinae

Garthasia americana ( Garth, 1939) , male 8.0 × 10.6 mm, Galápagos Is. (MNHN-B8419)

Kraussia rugulosa (Krauss, 1843) , male 18.5 × 22.0 mm, Japan, Nagasaki ( MNHN-B17166 ); female 16 × 19.5 mm, French Polynesia ( MNHN-B31002 )

Palapedia sp. , male 16.0 × 20.0 mm, male 16.6 × 19.0 mm, female 12.0 × 15.0 mm, Mauritius (MNHN-B22317)

Liomerinae

Liomera cinctimana ( White, 1847) , male 11.4 × 19.0 mm, French Polynesia, Marquesas Is. ( MNHN-B9231 )

Speocarcininae

Speocarcinus carolinensis Stimpson, 1859 , male 23.3 × 28.8 mm, South Carolina, Charleston Harbor (MCZ 396)

Speocarcinus spinicarpus Guinot, 1969 , male 13.0 × 15.3 mm, paratype, Mexico, Baja California (MNHN- B10257)

Xanthinae

Liagore rubromaculata (De Haan, 1835) , male 25.0 × 35.0 mm, Vietnam, Nhatrang (MNHN-B8715)

Paraxanthus barbiger (Poeppig, 1836) , male 57.5 × 85.5 mm, lectotype of P. hirtipes Lucas in H. Milne Edwards & Lucas 1844, Chile ( MNHN-B2736 ); male 35.0 × 48.0 mm, Chile ( MNHN-B2735 )

Xantho hydrophilus (Herbst, 1790) , male 33.0 × 54.3 mm, France, Roscoff (MNHN-B12364)

Xenograpsidae

Xenograpsus testudinatus N.K. Ng, Huang & Ho, 2000 , male 12.0 × 13.0 mm, NE Taiwan (MNHN-B30314)

APPENDIX II. Proposed taxonomic changes and diagnoses of subsections of Podotremata and of taxa where rank is modified

The current International Code of Zoological Nomenclature ( Anonymous 1999) does not address the whole nomenclatural hierarchy in zoological taxonomy and thus not allows recognition of as many ranks as necessary (see Classification and nomenclatural ranks). It does not provide nomenclatural rules for the allocation and validation of nomina to taxa above the rank superfamily, i.e., belonging to the class-series of nomina ( Dubois 2010; Dubois & Bour 2010). Carcinologists have indifferently referred families and superfamilies (family-series) as well as the higher-ranked taxa (class-series) in keeping the same authorship for all ranks, i.e., in using for all the Code ’s Principle of Coordination. But the set of taxa in the class-series is not submitted to this Principle, and there is no obligation to connect by coordination a nomen above the superfamily to the nomina of its included taxa (see below). In order to put an end to the existing confused state of brachyuran taxonomy, in particular to avoid unnecessary multiplication of new nomina with different spellings and authorships (see Table 1), and to provide unambiguous nomina relying on coherent rules ( Dubois 2011a: 38), we believe it is justified to create a separate class-series nomenclature with a new authorship (except in the case of an available taxon existing with relevant criteria, in order to apply the Principle of Priority) for higher-ranked taxa of the infraorder Brachyura , and to begin with the podotreme crabs.

The two systems, the family-series (fully regulated by the Code) and the class-series systems, obey quite different nomenclatural Rules according to the rationale of Dubois (2006 a) and Dubois & Bour (2010), so their distinction deserves additional clarification. The Principle of Coordination of the Code (1999; Art. 36.1, 43.1 and 46.1) states that any nomen created at a given rank within a nominal-series is “deemed to have been simultaneously established for nominal taxa at all other ranks”. Consequently, “the allocation and validity of nomina for given taxa is automatic: the allocation of these nomina to taxa is imposed by the onomatophore [type] and rank of each nomen, and their validity (adequacy) at each rank is given by priority” ( Dubois 2011b: 55). When the nomina are submitted to the Principle of Coordination, all coordinated nomina (based on the same generic nomen) have the same author and date whatever the rank, hence the same at various ranks. Being different “avatars” of the same original nomen, these nomina do not require separate nomenclatural availability (Dubois, pers. comm. 2011). For example, Dromiacea , Dromioidea and Dromiinae are all coined to De Haan, 1839.

In contrast, the Principle of Coordination does not apply to the nomina of the class-series, i.e., nomina ranked above the family-series. In the class-series system, a given nomen, with its author and date, only applies to a single taxon at a single rank in the nominal-series. In particular, such nomina are not “typified”, which means that their allocation to taxa is not made through onomatophores (“name-bearing types ”). Since class-series nomina are not coordinated with those of the family-series, the establishment of a new nomen for a taxon at a new rank above superfamily amounts to the creation of a new nomen, with its own author and date. For nomenclatural availability such a nomen should be published associated with a definition or diagnosis. The taxonomic allocation of the nomen relies on the complete set of the originally included genera: a class-series nomen is allocated to the least inclusive class-series taxon that includes all the nominal genera listed as members of this taxon in the original publication where the class-series nomen was introduced ( Dubois 2006 a, b, 2011 a); the case of the nominal genera that were originally excluded is in discussion (Dubois unpublished).

Therefore, to establish the status of any nomen of higher taxon, the first step is to find whether this nomen belongs in the family-series or in the class-series. This requires the searching of a class-series nomen being the best candidate for the designation of the valid nomen applying to each high-ranked taxon for the four podotreme subsections. If a taxon has to be recognised within the podotremes at a rank above superfamily, its nomen must have been unambiguously introduced in zoological nomenclature as belonging to the class-series. Each of the four podotreme subsections is named below “desired subsection”.

As class-series nomina resemble family-series nomina, being based on the roots of generic nomina, and in order to mark that they refer to ranks at different levels of the taxonominal hierachy, it was suggested to emend class-series rhizonyms (rhizonym: nomen based on an available genus and then considered valid) to form emended nomina (metarhizonym: class-series nomen created as a rhizonym and emended through the addition of a composed ending) ( Dubois 2011b). The recognition of four subsections of the class-series in the section Podotremata is adopted here by using for three of them nomina based on the genus nomen plus the connector – IFORMIA. The nomen Gymnopleura , formed from a morphological character ( Bourne 1922b), remains unchanged. In a pattern of podotreme paraphyly, these subsections could be elevated at a higher rank and become sections.

The justification of the nomina is briefly discussed in the remarks of each of the subsection diagnoses given below. Tables 5 and 6 list the superfamilies, families, and subfamilies included in the podotreme subsections.