Scaphander Montfort, 1810

Chaban, Elena M., Ekimova, Irina A., Schepetov, Dimitry M. & Chernyshev, Alexei V., 2019, Meloscaphander grandis (Heterobranchia: Cephalaspidea), a deep-water species from the North Pacific: Redescription and taxonomic remarks, Zootaxa 4646 (2), pp. 385-400 : 389

Genus Scaphander Montfort, 1810

(= Meloscaphander Schepman, 1913 syn. n.)

Type species. Bulla lignaria Linnaeus, 1758 (by monotypy).

Diagnosis (updated from Eilertsen & Malaquias 2013а; Valdés & McLean 2015). Shell external, usually solid, pyriform to ovoid, with sunken or partly visible spire. Spiral sculpture consisting of spiral lines or series of pits. Aperture as long as the shell or slightly lower, narrow above, much wider below. Head shield without posterior lobes. Radula formula 1:1(0):1; rachidian teeth small and fragile, vestigial, missing in working rows; laterals hamate, with small denticulations on the inner side; laterals flexible in working rows and can move apart very far from each other to grab sediments. Reproductive system monaulic. Penis unarmed or armed, connected to the prostate by a narrow duct. Gizzard large, with two paired kidney-shaped to sub-quadrate or sub-triangular plates and an unpaired flattened, elongate plate.