Euura clitellata ( Serville, 1823 )

Prous, Marko, Liston, Andrew, Monckton, Spencer K., Kramp, Katja, Vårdal, Hege, Vikberg, Veli, Heibo, Erik & Mutanen, Marko, 2025, West Palaearctic species of Euura Newman, 1837 (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae), European Journal of Taxonomy 977, pp. 1-377 : 86-91

141 Euura clitellata ( Serville, 1823)

Figs 138–141 , 375–378

Nematus clitellatus Serville, 1823: 64 . Holotype ♀ (MRSN), not examined. Type locality: France; vicinity of Paris. Best match: possibly ZMUO.029709 and ZMUO.040755, but wings slightly smoky.

Nematus kirbyi Dahlbom, 1835a: 40 , pl. 1 fig.4. Lectotype ♂ (ZMHB), designated by Haris (1997), not examined. One originally unlabelled male specimen (MZLU2017282) under the name “ Nematus kirbyi ” in Dahlbom’s collection (MZLU) could be a paralectotype. Type locality: Germany or Scandinavia. Synonymy by Taeger & Blank (1998).

Nematus flaviventris Hartig, 1840: 24 . Lectotype designated below. Synonymy by Taeger & Blank (1998).

Nematus leucocarpus Hartig, 1840: 27 . Lectotype designated by Taeger & Blank (1998). Synonymy by Taeger & Blank (1998).

Nematus brachycercus Hartig, 1840: 25 . Lectotype designated by Haris (1997). Syn. nov.

Nematus squalidus Eversmann, 1847: 21 . Lectotype designated below. Syn. nov.

Nematus cinereus Eversmann, 1847: 18 . Lectotype designated below. Syn. nov.

Nematus contractus Eversmann, 1847: 20 . Lectotype designated below. Synonymy with Pachynematus flaviventris by Konow (1905b).

Nematus diaphanus Eversmann, 1847: 19–20 . Lectotype designated below. Synonymy with flaviventris by Konow (1904d).

Nematus fruticum Eversmann, 1847: 18 . Lectotype designated below. Syn. nov.

Nematus umbripennis Eversmann, 1847: 20–21 . Lectotype designated below. Synonymy with kirbyi by Benson (1958a).

Nematus griseus Eversmann, 1847: 18–19 . Syntypes ♀♀ (DEI-GISHym30040–47, ZIN). Type locality: Russia, Kasan. Tentatively synonymised by Enslin (1916a). Like Nematus kirbyi Dahlbom.

Tenthredo (Selandria) umbrosa Eversmann, 1847: 32 . Lectotype designated below. Syn. nov.

Epitactus praecox Förster, 1854b: 435–436 . Lectotype designated by Haris (1997). Synonymy with kirbyi by Muche (1974).

Nematus trisignatus Förster, 1854a: 292–294 . Lectotype designated by Haris (1997). Synonymy by Enslin (1916a).

Nematus microps Förster, 1854b: 421–422 . Lectotype designated by Haris (1997). Synonymy by Haris (1997).

Nematus pectoralis Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1867: 223–224 . Lectotype ♀ (ZMAN), designated by Thomas (1987), not examined. Type locality: Netherlands, Brummen. Synonymy with trisignatus by Konow (1904c). Primary homonym of Nematus pectoralis Serville, 1823 .

Nematus turgidus Zaddach, 1876: 82–83 . Syntypes ♀♀, probably destroyed ( Blank & Taeger 1998). Type locality: Russia, Insterburg [Chernyakhovsk], and Poland, Gdansk [Danzig]. Synonymy by Enslin (1916a).

Nematus tener Zaddach, 1884 in Brischke 1884: 128. Syntypes ♂♂, probably destroyed ( Blank & Taeger 1998). Type locality: Poland, Gdansk [Danzig]. Synonymy by Konow (1904d).

Pachynematus infumatus Marlatt, 1896a: 93 (key), 107–108. Synonymy with Pachynematus kirbyi (Dahlbom) by Smith (1979).

Pachynematus zaddachi Konow, 1901c: 110 . Lectotype designated by Haris (1997). Synonymy with umbripennis by Enslin (1916a).

Pachynematus glesipennis Konow, 1903a: 377 (key). Lectotype designated by Haris (1997). Synonymy with umbripennis by Enslin (1916a).

Pachynematus foveolatus Konow, 1903a: 379 (key). Lectotype ♂ (GBIF-GISHym4670, SDEI), designated by Haris (1997). Type locality: Russia, Irkutsk. Synonymy by Haris (1997).

Pachynematus lentus Konow, 1903a: 382 (key). Lectotype designated by Haris (1997). Synonymy by Muche (1974).

Pachynematus clitellatus var. transigens Enslin, 1916a: 479 . Lectotype ♀ (DEI-GISHym84486, ZSM), designated by Haris (1997). Type locality: Germany, Neuss. Synonymy by Haris (1997).

Pachynematus laevigatus var. flavissimus Enslin, 1916a: 483 . Syntype (?) ♀ (DEI-GISHym84487, ZSM) [seems to match the original description]. Type locality: Germany, Oranienbaum. Synonymy by Taeger & Blank (1998).

Pachynematus refractarius MacGillivray, 1921b: 31–32 . Holotype ♀ (INHS), not examined. Type locality: USA, Maine, Orono. Synonymy with Pachynematus kirbyi (Dahlbom) by Smith (1979). Based on the original description it could be similar to Nematus kirbyi Dahlbom.

Pachynematus truncatus Benson, 1948a: 60–65 . Holotype ♂ (B.M.TYPEHYM.1.702, BMNH). Type locality: United Kingdom, England, Bucks., Slapton. Synonymy by Haris (1997). Secondary homonym of Pontania truncata Marlatt, 1896a [ Euura truncata (Marlatt, 1896) ].

Pachynematus smithae Ross, 1945: 106 (key), 116. Holotype ♂ (INHS), not examined. Type locality: USA, New Hampshire, Mt Washington. Syn. nov.

Nematus (Pachynematus) omega Benson, 1955: 103–104 . Lectotype designated below Syn. nov.

Pachynematus aequalis Lindqvist, 1974a: 120 . Syn. nov.

Diagnosis

Based on nuclear data, E. clitellata seems to be a complex of 3–5 species. Although we have not studied the holotype of clitellatus , based on the description given by Taeger & Blank (1998: 264) it could fit well, for example, with the specimen ZMUO.040755 that is extensively yellow, including hind tarsi. Specimens with that kind of colouration seem to be restricted to the nuclear cluster containing ZMUO.040755, which we have called E. clitellata sensu stricto (s. str.) (http://www.boldsystems.org/pics/LEFIJ/ZMUO.040755%2B1599793934.JPG). Generally, it seems that E. clitellata s. str. and the nuclear cluster 3 have yellow or paler hind tarsi compared to nuclear clusters 4 and 5, which have black or darker hind tarsi. Otherwise there seems to be little difference between the clusters and all of them vary widely in colouration (from mostly black to extensively pale) and habitus. There is also a nuclear cluster 2, represented by a single larva (ZMUO.040880). It is perhaps possible that E. clitellata s. str. and cluster 3 are conspecific, like the clusters 4 + 5, but it is very unlikely based on nuclear genes that E. clitellata s. str. + cluster 3 on one hand is conspecific with the cluster 4 + 5 on the other hand. In Europe, the clusters 3 and 5 seem to be restricted to northern Fennoscandia. For the cluster 4 (including perhaps cluster 5), the earliest available name might be Nematus brachycercus Hartig, 1840 .

Females of E. clitellata are very similar to E. fallax . If the mesoscutellum is partly pale, then there nevertheless seem still to be small differences in the colour pattern: – mesoscutellum with black midline along its length or pale dots laterally, if almost completely pale then with black dots anteriorly and posteriorly ..................................................................... E. fallax – mesoscutellum completely pale or anteriorly (partly) pale and posteriorly black ........... E. clitellata .

Type material examined

Lectotype Nematus flaviventris , here designated

GERMANY • ♀; northern Germany [according to Hartig 1840: 22]; ZSM, DEI-GISHym3277 .

Notes

Haris (1997) may have intended to designate this specimen as the lectotype, but according to Stephan M. Blank none of four syntypes was labelled as lectotype and the other labels as described by Haris in the lectotype designation do not exactly fit any of the specimens. Unfortunately, the specimen may be lost. It was not found in the ZSM, but photos of lateral and dorsal views are available. Not studied by Taeger & Blank (1998).

Lectotype Nematus leucocarpus

GERMANY • ♀; northern Germany [according to Hartig 1840: 22]; ZSM, DEI-GISHym84485 .

Notes

8.5 mm. The mesepisternum is completely pale, unlike any other specimen we have seen.

Lectotype Nematus brachycercus

GERMANY • ♀; northern Germany [according to Hartig 1840: 22]; ZSM, DEI-GISHym3208 .

Lectotype Nematus squalidus , here designated

RUSSIA – Tatarstan • ♀; Kasan Province ; 55.8° N, 49.1° E; E. Eversmann leg.; ZIN, DEI-GISHym30060 .

Notes

Best morphological match: e.g., ZMUO.032426, ZMUO.039092, ZMUO.046267, ZMUO.045459, ZMUO.063011, DEI-GISHym31252, DEI-GISHym84266.

Lectotype Nematus cinereus , here designated

RUSSIA – Tatarstan • ♂; Kasan Province ; 55.8° N, 49.1° E; E. Eversmann leg.; ZIN, DEI-GISHym30036 .

Notes

Resembles Nematus kirbyi .

Lectotype Nematus contractus , here designated

RUSSIA – Tatarstan • ♀; Kasan / Ulyanovsk [Simbirsk] / Orenburg; ZIN, DEI-GISHym30052 .

Notes

Similar to Nematus kirbyi .

Paralectotype Nematus contractus

RUSSIA – Tatarstan • ♂; Kasan / Ulyanovsk [Simbirsk] / Orenburg; ZIN, DEI-GISHym30053 .

Notes

Perhaps Nematinus bilineatus ( Klug, 1819) .

Lectotype Nematus diaphanus , here designated

RUSSIA • ♀; Orenburg oblast; 51.8° N, 55.1° E; E. Eversmann leg.; ZIN, DEI-GISHym30051 .

Notes

Similar to Nematus kirbyi .

Lectotype Nematus fruticum , here designated

RUSSIA – Tatarstan • ♂; Kasan Province ; 55.8° N, 49.1° E; E. Eversmann leg.; ZIN, DEI-GISHym30035 .

Notes

Similar to Nematus kirbyi .

Lectotype Nematus umbripennis , here designated

RUSSIA – Tatarstan • ♀; Kasan Province ; 55.8° N, 49.1° E; E. Eversmann leg.; ZIN, DEI-GISHym30054 .

Notes

Similar to Nematus kirbyi .

Lectotype Tenthredo (Selandria) umbrosa , here designated

RUSSIA – Tatarstan • ♂; Kasan Province ; 55.8° N, 49.1° E; E. Eversmann leg.; ZIN, DEI-GISHym30048 .

Notes

Similar to Nematus kirbyi .

Lectotype Epitactus praecox

GERMANY – Nordrhein-Westfalen • ♀; Aachen area ; 50.77° N, 6.09° E; ZSM.

Notes

Similar to Nematus kirbyi .

Lectotype Nematus trisignatus

GERMANY – Nordrhein-Westfalen • ♀; Aachen area ; 50.77° N, 6.09° E; ZSM.

Lectotype Nematus microps

GERMANY – Nordrhein-Westfalen • ♂; Aachen area ; 50.77° N, 6.09° E; ZSM, DEI-GISHym12485 .

Holotype Pachynematus infumatus

USA – Michigan • ♂; Ingham, Agricultural College ; 42.746°N, 84.483°W; USNM, USNMENT00778520 , http://n 2t.net/ark:/65665/322992bb4-e435-4a95-83cc-6b7a4796c66a.

Notes

Similar to Nematus kirbyi .

Lectotype Pachynematus zaddachi

GERMANY – Mecklenburg-Vorpommern • ♂; Kalkhorst ; 53.32° N, 13.07° E; 1 Aug. 1889; F.W. Konow leg.; SDEI, GBIF-GISHym3875 .

Notes

Similar to Nematus kirbyi .

Lectotype Pachynematus glesipennis

RUSSIA – Irkutskaja oblast • ♂; Irkutsk; 52.29° N, 104.24° E; SDEI, GBIF-GISHym3876 .

Lectotype Pachynematus foveolatus

RUSSIA – Irkutskaja oblast • ♂; Irkutsk; 52.29° N, 104.24° E; SDEI, GBIF-GISHym4670 .

Lectotype Pachynematus lentus

GERMANY • ♀; Thüringen; SDEI, GBIF-GISHym3874 .

Notes

Best morphological fit: DEI-GISHym21348 or ZMUO.059768.

Lectotype Pachynematus clitellatus var. transigens

GERMANY – Nordrhein-Westfalen • ♀; Neuss ; 51.20° N, 6.69° E; ZSM, DEI-GISHym84486 .

Holotype Pachynematus truncatus

UNITED KINGDOM – England • ♂; Buckinghamshire, Slapton ; 52.12° N, 1.06° W; 26 May 1943; R.B. Benson leg.; BMNH, B.M.TYPEHYM.1.702 .

Lectotype Nematus (Pachynematus) omega , here designated

SWITZERLAND – Valais • ♂; Ferpècle [Glacier]; 2100 m a.s.l.; 21–27 Jun. 1935; J.E. and R.B. Benson; BMNH, B.M.TYPEHYM.1.701 .

Notes

Most similar to ZMUO.030823 and DEI-GISHym12503.

Holotype Pachynematus aequalis

RUSSIA – Murmansk oblast • ♀; Petsamo [Pechenga], Yläluostari [Luostari]; 69.43° N, 31.04° E; 5 Jul. 1938; V.J. Karvonen leg.; MZH, http://id.luomus.fi/GL.5145.

Notes

A COI sequence (658 bp) of the holotype is closest to BIOUG 16846-H10 ( Canada). Most similar to DEI-GISHym84245, but probably not conspecific. Head pale, only frontal area black; median mesoscutal lobe laterally and posteriorly pale; lateral mesoscutal lobes posterolaterally pale or pale only posterodorsal corners; anterior half of mesoscutellum pale, with or without black line in middle; mesoscutellar appendage black to pale; mesopostnotum pale; abdomen ventrally pale, dorsal half or middle part of mesepisternum pale; metafemur pale, pro- and mesofemur with black ring at base.

Host plants

A large number of genera of Poaceae Barnhart have been recorded as host plants, as well as unspecified species of Juncus L. and Carex L. (Taeger et al. 1998). It is currently impossible to attribute these records to the unresolved complex around E. clitellata , or to E. fallax .

Genetics

Based on nuclear genes, Euura clitellata as circumscribed here probably contains 3–5 species in Europe. Although we treat all these nuclear clusters as E. clitellata , the genetic distances are also summarised separately for the five clusters. Note that we recognize an additional nuclear cluster ( Euura clitellata group sp. 1) that we excluded from E. clitellata , because the nuclear sequences are even more distinct and its inclusion would clearly render E. clitellata non-monophyletic.

COI

Euura clitellata s. str. Based on 26 specimens, maximum within-species distance is 0.76% and the nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 0%, is Euura clitellata cluster 4. A secondary COI variant of ZMUO.040755 is 3.5% different from the primary variant and is closest to a specimen from Canada at a distance of 1.5% (09BBEHY-0204, the only representative of BOLD:AAI2591).

Cluster 2. Only one sequence available (ZMUO.040880). The nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 1.37%, is Euura clitellata ( E. clitellata s. str., cluster 5, and clitellata group sp. 1).

Cluster 3. Based on 10 specimens, maximum within-species distance is 0.46% and the nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 0.15%, is Euura clitellata ( E. clitellata s. str. and clitellata group sp. 1).

Cluster 4. Based on 26 specimens, maximum within-species distance is 1.37% and the nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 0%, is Euura clitellata s. str.

Cluster 5. Based on 10 specimens, maximum within-species distance is 0.46% and the nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 0.15%, is Euura clitellata group sp. 1.

Nuclear

Euura clitellata s. str. Based on 19 specimens, maximum within-species distance is 0.65% (0.42% based on haplotypes of individual females). The nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 0.54%, is Euura clitellata cluster 3.

Cluster 2. Only one sequence available. The nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 1.51%, is Euura clitellata cluster 5.

Cluster 3. Based on 10 specimens, maximum within-species distance is 0.47% (0.21% based on haplotypes of individual females). The nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 0.54%, is Euura clitellata s. str.

Cluster 4. Based on 25 specimens, maximum within-species distance is 0.27% (0.39% based on haplotypes of individual females). The nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 0.27%, is Euura clitellata cluster 5.

Cluster 5. Based on 10 specimens, maximum within-species distance is 0.58% (0.68% based on haplotypes of individual females). The nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 0.27%, is Euura clitellata cluster 4.

Distribution and material examined

Palaearctic. Specimens studied are from Estonia (cluster 4), Finland, France, Germany, Russia, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.

Figures

Figs 138–141. Lancets of Euura Newman, 1837. 138. clitellata (Serville, 1823) DEI-GISHym21348. 139. clitellata cluster 3 DEI-GISHym83657. 140. clitellata cluster 4 DEI-GISHym84266. 141. clitellata cluster 5 DEI-GISHym84245.

Figs 366–379. Penis valves of Euura Newman, 1837. 366. declinata (Förster, 1854), holotype? (Conde unpubl.). 367. declinata DEI-GISHym17598. 368. scotonota (Förster, 1854) DEI-GISHym12002. 369. scotonota W18212. 370. lipovskyi (D.R. Smith, 1974) DEI-GISHym84702. 371. caeruleocarpus (Hartig, 1837) DEI-GISHym88914. 372. villosa (Thomson, 1863), Nematus arcticus Holmgren, 1869, lectotype NHRS-HEVA000006480. 373. clibrichella (Cameron, 1878) DEI-GISHym84184. 374. clitellata group sp. 1 ZMUO.035580. 375. clitellata (Serville, 1823) ZMUO.030824. 376. clitellata cluster 3 ZMUO.030823. 377. clitellata cluster 4 DEI-GISHym84255. 378. clitellata cluster 5 ZMUO.059059. 379. fallax (Serville, 1823) DEI-GISHym84275.