Eugenia Linnaeus (1753: 470)

Valdemarin, Karinne Sampaio, Mazine, Fiorella F. & Souza, Vinicius Castro, 2024, Eugenia (Myrtaceae) from Reserva Natural Vale, Espírito Santo, a center of plant endemism in the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest, Phytotaxa 651 (1), pp. 1-79 : 11-13

Eugenia Linnaeus (1753: 470) .

Shrubs or trees. Twigs glabrous or with indumentum when young. Young leaves glabrous or with indumentum. Leaves opposite, rarely verticillate, sessile or petiolate; blades simple, margin entire; with at least one marginal vein. Inflorescences indeterminate and usually with no more than two levels of branching (e.g. glomerules, fascicles or racemes), exceptionally with up to four levels of branching or determinate inflorescences (in Eugenia sect. Pilothecium ), or solitary flowers. Flowers generally 4-merous, sometimes 5 or 6-merous (in Eugenia sect. Hexachlamys ); hypanthium rarely with a prolonged tube above the ovary; calyx lobes free, rarely fused in the bud, and persistent until the fruit; petals white; stamens numerous, straight in the bud; ovary usually 2-locular, very rare 3-locular, many ovules per locule, ovules attached at a single point on the septum. Fruits fleshy berries, ellipsoid, globose, oblate, or pyriform; seeds 1(–4), testa thin and papery; embryos either completely fused into a homogeneous mass or with free or partially fused cotyledons, and hypocotyl-radicle visible.

Key to the species of Eugenia in the Reserva Natural Vale, Espírito Santo

1. Leaf blades with cordate base ........................................................................................................................................................... 2

- Leaf blades with rounded, obtuse, attenuate or acute base ............................................................................................................... 4

2. Leaves verticillate or opposite; blades and midvein glabrous on both surfaces; inflorescences in glomerulous ............................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... Eugenia monosperma

- Leaves strictly opposite; blades or at least midvein with indumentum abaxially; inflorescences in fascicles, raceme with late proliferation, or solitary flowers ....................................................................................................................................................... 3

3. Young twigs with cataphylls which are persistent until mature; leaf blades or midvein with strigose indumentum abaxially .......... ............................................................................................................................................................................ Eugenia cataphyllea

- Young twigs without cataphylls; leaf blades or at least midvein with hispid indumentum abaxially ............... Eugenia hispidiflora

4. Flowers and fruits with calyx lobes with up to 1 mm long, when in fruit seeming to be missing without magnification ................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. Eugenia astringens

- Flowers or fruits with calyx lobes with more than 1 mm long ......................................................................................................... 5

5. Leaf blades with midvein raised or biconvex adaxially ................................................................................................................... 6

- Leaf blades with midvein sulcate or plane adaxially ...................................................................................................................... 13

6. Inflorescences in botryoid ............................................................................................................................. Eugenia supraaxillaris

- Inflorescences in fascicles, glomerules, racemes with late proliferation or solitary flowers ........................................................... 7

7. Leaf blades with acuminate or caudate apex .................................................................................................................................... 8

- Leaf blades with acute, obtuse or rounded apex ............................................................................................................................. 10

8. Leaf blades usually longer than 10 cm with innermost marginal vein more than 2 mm from the blade edge and margin revolute ... ............................................................................................................................................................................ Eugenia platyphylla

- Leaf blades less than 10 cm with innermost marginal vein up to 2 mm from the blade edge and margin plane ............................. 9

9. Petioles with 6 mm long or more; fruits globose or ellipsoid, bigger than 10 × 10 mm, and orange when ripe ................................ ..................................................................................................................................................................... Eugenia copacabanensis

- Petioles with up to 6 mm long; fruits globose, smaller than 10 × 10 mm, and purple or whitish when ripe ........... Eugenia excelsa

10. Flowers with glabrate or glabrous hypanthia .................................................................................................. Eugenia melanogyna

- Flowers with puberulent or pubescent hypanthia ........................................................................................................................... 11

11. Leaf blades with revolute margin and sometimes with a yellow thickening; inflorescences ramiflorous .......... Eugenia schottiana

- Leaf blades with plane margin and without a yellow thickening; inflorescences generally axillary, rare ramiflorous ................. 12

12. Petioles plane; leaf blades with raised oil glands adaxially; pedicels usually longer than 6 mm and bracteoles with acute apex; fruit ellipsoid ................................................................................................................................................................... Eugenia prasina

- Petioles canaliculate; leaf blades with inconspicuous oil glands adaxially; pedicels shorter than 6 mm and bracteoles with obtuse apex; fruits oblate ............................................................................................................................................. Eugenia pachnantha

13. Leaf blades margin with a yellow thickening ............................................................................................... Eugenia bunchosiifolia

- Leaf blades margin without a yellow thickening ............................................................................................................................ 14

14. Leaf blades with shiny indumentum under magnification abaxially ............................................................ Eugenia batingabranca

- Leaf blades glabrous or with indumentum not shiny under magnification abaxially .................................................................... 15

15. Leaf blades with pruinose indumentum abaxially ................................................................................................. Eugenia pruinosa

- Leaf blades glabrous or with indumentum other than pruinose abaxially ...................................................................................... 16

16. Leaf blades with glaucous indumentum adaxially .............................................................................................. Eugenia brejoensis

- Leaf blades glabrous or with other than pruinose indumentum abaxially ...................................................................................... 17

17. Inflorescences in dichasia or thyrsoid ............................................................................................................................................ 18

- Inflorescences in glomerules, fascicles and racemes, with or without late proliferation, or solitary flowers ................................ 19

18. Flowers with four calyx lobes free .............................................................................................................. Eugenia beaurepairiana

- Flowers with calyx lobes completely fused tearing in a calyptra .................................................................... Eugenia guanabarina

19. Bracteoles deltoid or wide-elliptic, concealing the hypanthium .................................................................................................... 20

- Bracteoles linear, elliptic, narrow-elliptic, lanceolate, narrow-lanceolate, oblanceolate, ovate, or suborbiculate, not concealing the hypanthium ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 21

20. Young twigs pubescent; pedicels with 15 mm or longer ................................................................................... Eugenia involucrata

- Young twigs glabrate or glabrous; pedicels shorter than 15 mm ........................................................................... Eugenia puberula

21. Flowers with glabrate to glabrous hypanthia .................................................................................................................................. 22

- Flowers with puberulent, pubescent, tomentose, pilose or velutinous hypanthia .......................................................................... 30

22. Hypanthia glandulose and bracteoles reflexed ................................................................................................... Eugenia adenantha

- Hypanthia smooth or with oil glands slightly raised and bracteoles not reflexed .......................................................................... 23

23. Leaf blades with first pair of secondary veins not confluent with the outermost marginal vein; inflorescences in racemes with axil longer than 12.5 mm (peduncle + rachis) ................................................................................................................. Eugenia florida

- Leaf blades with first pair of secondary veins confluent with the outermost marginal vein; inflorescences in fascicles or solitary flowers ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 24

24. Inflorescences axillary .................................................................................................................................................................... 25

- Inflorescences generally ramiflorous ............................................................................................................................................. 28

25. Leaf blades generally longer than 10 cm; bracteoles deciduous at anthesis; fruits globose ............................. Eugenia platyphylla

- Leaf blades generally smaller than 10 cm; bracteoles persistent in the fruit; fruits ellipsoid or pyriform ..................................... 26

26. Leaf blades with obtuse or attenuate apex; fruits red when ripe ....................................................................... Eugenia punicifolia

- Leaf blades with acuminate apex; fruit dark purple or purple when ripe ....................................................................................... 27

27. Leaf blades with obtuse or attenuate base and plane margin; bracteoles free and with acute apex ...................... Eugenia arenaria

- Leaf blades with acute base and revolute margin; bracteoles connate by the base and with obtuse apex .............. Eugenia prasina

28. Leaf blades with innermost marginal vein more than 2, 5 mm from the edge; bracteoles with acute apex; fruits glandulose ............ ...................................................................................................................................................................................... Eugenia fusca

- Leaf blades with innermost marginal vein up to 2, 5 mm from the edge; bracteoles with obtuse apex; fruits smooth .................. 29

29. Leaf blades with acute or obtuse apex; flowers with free calyx lobes; fruits ellipsoid, longer than 10 mm and dark purple when ripe ................................................................................................................................................................... Eugenia melanogyna

- Leaf blades with acuminate apex; flowers with calyx lobes fused by the base; fruits globose, smaller than 10 mm and red when ripe .......................................................................................................................................................................... Eugenia arvensis

30. Flowers and fruits with velutinous indumentum ............................................................................................................................ 31

- Flowers and fruits with puberulent, pubescent, tomentose or pilose indumentum, rare fruits glabrous ........................................ 32

31. Inflorescences generally ramiflorous, rare axillary; flowers with smooth hypanthia, calyx lobes fused by ca. 1 mm at the base ..... ............................................................................................................................................................................... Eugenia bahiensis

- Inflorescences generally axillary, rare ramiflorous; flowers with slightly costate to costate hypanthia, calyx lobes completely fused or partially fused along two-thirds of the bud length ............................................................................................ Eugenia atlantica

32. Flowers sessile or with pedicels up to 2 mm long .......................................................................................................................... 33

- Flowers with pedicels longer than 2 mm ........................................................................................................................................ 37

33. Bracteoles completely connate or at least along two-thirds of the length, resembling a cupula .................................................... 34

- Bracteoles free or connate by ca. 1 mm at the base ........................................................................................................................ 35

34. Leaf blades glabrous on both surfaces, first pair of secondary veins not confluent with the innermost marginal vein; inflorescences in glomerules or fascicles .............................................................................................................................. Eugenia plicatocostata

- Leaf blades with ferrugineous indumentum at least abaxially, first pair of secondary veins confluent with the innermost marginal vein; inflorescences in raceme ....................................................................................................................... Eugenia macrosperma

35. Leaf blades up to 7 cm long ................................................................................................................................... Eugenia repanda

- Leaf blades less than 7 cm long ...................................................................................................................................................... 36

36. Leaf blades glabrous on both surfaces; inflorescences in glomerules or fascicles ........................................... Eugenia pachnantha

- Leaf blades with indumentum at least abaxially; inflorescences in racemes ....................................................... Eugenia disperma

37. Leaf blades and/or inflorescences with indumentum ochraceous, ferruginous, or rufescent ......................................................... 38

- Leaf blades and/or inflorescences with indumentum brownish or whitish .................................................................................... 44

38. Bracteoles completely connate or at least along two-thirds of the length, seeming a cupula ............................ Eugenia macrantha

- Bracteoles free or connate by 1 mm at the bases ............................................................................................................................ 39

39. Flowers with calyx lobes glabrate or glabrous and hypanthia pubescent or tomentose ................................................................. 40

- Flowers with calyx lobes and hypanthia pubescent or tomentose .................................................................................................. 41

40. Leaf blades 8.5 cm or longer and puberulent abaxially; flower buds wider than 4 mm ................................... Eugenia macrantha

- Leaf blades up to 8.5 cm long and glabrate to glabrous abaxially; flower buds narrower than 4 mm .............. Eugenia moonioides

41. Bracteoles deciduous at anthesis and longer than 4 mm ...................................................................................... Eugenia ochracea

- Bracteoles persistent in the fruit or deciduous after anthesis and shorter than 4 mm .................................................................... 42

42. Inflorescences with ochraceous or brownish indumentum, racemes with late vegetative proliferation, always 2-flowered, pedicels longer than 10 mm ............................................................................................................................................ Eugenia penduliflora

- Inflorescences with ferruginous indumentum, fascicles or racemes, if with late vegetative proliferation more than 2 flowers, pedicels usually less than 10 mm ................................................................................................................................................... 43

43. Petioles canaliculate; leaf blades puberulent or glabrous abaxially; inflorescences in racemes with peduncle longer than 4 mm; fruits globose .................................................................................................................................................... Eugenia pruniformis

- Petioles plane or terete; leaf blades pubescent abaxially; inflorescences in fascicles or raceme with late proliferation and peduncle shorter than 4 mm; fruits oblong or ellipsoid ..................................................................................................... Eugenia moritziana

44. Inflorescences in racemes (pedicels up to twice the length of the principal axil internode) .......................................................... 45

- Inflorescences in glomerules, fascicles, racemes (pedicels more than twice the length of the principal axil internode), with or without late vegetative proliferation, or solitary flowers ............................................................................................................... 47

45. Leaf blades up to 7 cm long with innermost marginal vein up to 2 mm from the edge ................................... Eugenia candolleana

- Leaf blades longer than 7 cm with innermost marginal vein more than 2 mm from the edge ....................................................... 46

46. Leaf blades with plane margin; inflorescences with brownish indumentum ................................................... Eugenia pruniformis

- Leaf blades with revolute and undulate margin; inflorescences with whitish indumentum ............................... Eugenia brejoensis

47. Inflorescence bracts oblanceolate and usually longer than 2.5 mm ............................................................................................... 48

- Inflorescence bracts ovate, elliptic, narrow-elliptic, lanceolate or narrow-lanceolate and shorter than 2.5 mm, rare narrow-lanceolate up to 5 mm long .............................................................................................................................................................................. 51

48. Inflorescences longer than 10 mm (peduncle + rachis) ..................................................................................... Eugenia brasiliensis

- Inflorescences shorter than 10 mm (peduncle + rachis) ................................................................................................................. 49

49. Flowers with costate hypanthia ................................................................................................................................ Eugenia sulcata

- Flowers with smooth hypanthia ...................................................................................................................................................... 50

50. Leaf blades with round base and innermost marginal vein more than 1 mm from the edge ............................. Eugenia cataphyllea

- Leaf blades with acute or obtuse base and innermost marginal vein up to 1 mm from the edge .................... Eugenia neosilvestris

51. Bracteoles deciduous ...................................................................................................................................................................... 52

- Bracteoles persistent in the fruits ................................................................................................................................................... 55

52. Flowers with 4–6 calyx lobes in the same specimen ............................................................................................... Eugenia handroi

- Flowers with 4 calyx lobes ............................................................................................................................................................. 53

53. Leaf blades with 14 or more secondary veins; bracteoles narrow-elliptic or lanceolate longer than 4 mm; flower buds up to 3.5 mm in diameter; fruits up to 15 × 10 mm .................................................................................................................... Eugenia soteriana

- Leaf blades up to 14 secondary veins; bracteoles linear or narrow-elliptic up to 4 mm long; flower buds wider than 3.5 mm; fruits bigger than 30 × 20 mm .................................................................................................................................................................. 54

54. Petioles up to 6 mm long; leaf blades puberulent abaxially, oil glands inconspicuous adaxially and inconspicuous or slightly raised abaxially; flowers with hypanthia and calyx lobes tomentose ........................................................................... Eugenia flavicarpa

- Petioles longer than 6 mm; leaf blades puberulent or glabrous abaxially, oil glands markedly raised on both surfaces; flowers with hypanthia pilose and calyx lobes puberulent .................................................................................................... Eugenia adenophylla

55. Leaf blades glabrous on both surfaces .............................................................................................................. Eugenia pachnantha

- Leaf blades puberulent at least abaxially ........................................................................................................................................ 56

56. Leaf blades with innermost marginal vein up to 1 mm from the edge; flower with puberulent hypanthia ........ Eugenia pisiformis

- Leaf blades with innermost marginal vein more than 1.5 mm from the edge; flowers with pubescent hypanthia ............................. ................................................................................................................................................................................ Eugenia infuscata