Halipeurus atlanticus Palma

Palma, Ricardo L., 2011, New taxa, new synonymies and new host records in the louse genus Halipeurus (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) parasitic on petrels (Aves: Procellariiformes), Zootaxa 3017, pp. 1-45 : 9-11

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.278615
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5678796
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BFF404-FFEF-FFDE-FF66-04EBBB0378B5
treatment provided by	Plazi (2016-04-11 14:58:29, last updated 2024-11-26 07:49:43)
scientific name	Halipeurus atlanticus Palma
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Halipeurus atlanticus Palma , new species

( Figs 5 View FIGURES 3 – 12 , 16 View FIGURES 15 – 19 , 20–21 View FIGURES 20 – 21 , 31 View FIGURES 28 – 33 , 46 View FIGURES 43 – 48 , 56 View FIGURES 56 – 60 )

Halipeurus sp.; Hilburn, 1990: 187.

Halipeurus sp. nov. (A); Zonfrillo, 1993: 327. Halipeurus sp. GLA959; Hammer et al., 2010: 1114, 1116.

TYPE HOST: Pterodroma madeira Mathews, 1934 .

TYPE LOCALITY: Madeira Island, North Atlantic Ocean.

HOLOTYPE: 3 in MONZ.

DIAGNOSIS: Male: habitus as in Fig. 20 View FIGURES 20 – 21 ; clypeal signature as in Fig. 5 View FIGURES 3 – 12 ; terminalia (ventral view) as in Fig. 31 View FIGURES 28 – 33 ; genitalia as in Fig. 56 View FIGURES 56 – 60 . Female: habitus as in Fig. 21 View FIGURES 20 – 21 ; clypeal signature as in Fig. 16 View FIGURES 15 – 19 ; terminalia (ventral view) as in Fig. 46 View FIGURES 43 – 48 .

Measurements of both sexes as in Table 1.

ETYMOLOGY: The species epithet atlanticus is a noun in apposition derived from the word Atlantic, referring to the ocean where the geographical ranges of the hosts of this louse are situated. MATERIAL EXAMINED

Types

Ex Pterodroma madeira : Holotype 3 (MONZ, AI.023873), allotype Ƥ, Madeira I., North Atlantic Ocean, Sep. 1990, F. Zino (MONZ). Twenty-four paratypes as follows: 23, 1Ƥ, Madeira I., North Atlantic Ocean, 30 May 1987, F. Zino (MONZ; MFMP); 13, 1Ƥ, Madeira I., North Atlantic Ocean, Jul. 1989, F. Zino (MONZ); 33, 2Ƥ, Madeira I., North Atlantic Ocean, 10 Apr. 2003, F. Zino (MONZ; MFMP); 33, 4Ƥ, Madeira I., North Atlantic Ocean, 21 Apr. 2005, F. Zino (MONZ; MFMP); 7Ƥ, Madeira I., North Atlantic Ocean, 31 May 2006, F. Zino (MONZ; MFMP).

Non-types

Ex Pterodroma cahow (Nichols & Mowbray, 1916) : 13, 1Ƥ, Inner Pier, Bermuda, 16 Jun. 1969 (MONZ); 13, 1Ƥ, Nonsuch I., Bermuda, 31 Mar. 1988, D. Wingate & D. Hilburn (MONZ); 1Ƥ, Azores Is, North Atlantic Ocean, Nov. 2003, B. Zonfrillo (MONZ).

DISCUSSION: Morphologically, Halipeurus atlanticus is extremely similar to H. procellariae ( J.C. Fabricius, 1775) recorded from five species of Pterodroma ( Price et al. 2003: 188) . Males only differ in details of the genitalia, and females are indistinguishable at present. However, molecular analysis has shown that they are not as closely related as their morphology would indicate. Values calculated as percentage sequence divergence between H. atlanticus (ex Pt. madeira ) and Halipeurus procellariae (ex Pt. lessonii ) are 12.7–13% for the 12S gene, and 14.5% for the COI gene (Joseph Hughes pers. comm. 2007). Furthermore, Hammer et al. (2010) have found that H. procellariae and H. consimilis Timmermann, 1960 are sister species, and that H. atlanticus (as H. sp GLA959) is sister to these two taxa. However, the phylogenetic trees in Hammer et al. (2010: 1113) for this clade show that bootstrap support and Bayesian posterior probabilities are low for these relationships. Therefore, morphological data may still be showing the true relationship between H. atlanticus and H. procellariae as sister species.

Recent research by Jesús et al. (2009) on the phylogeny of the two subspecies of Pterodroma feae ( Salvadori, 1899) and Pt. madeira shows that these species are more closely related to each other than to other North Atlantic species such as Pt. cahow and Pt. hasitata (Kuhl, 1820) . Considering that both Pterodroma feae deserta (Mathews, 1934) and Pt. hasitata harbour Halipeurus theresae Timmermann, 1969 ( Zonfrillo 1993) , the presence of H. atlanticus on Pt. madeira and Pt. cahow is incongruent with the phylogeny of its hosts.

References

Hammer, S., Brown, R. M., Bugoni, L., Palma, R. L. & Hughes, J. (2010) On the origin of Halipeurus heraldicus on Round Island petrels: cophylogenetic relationships between petrels and their chewing lice. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 55, 1111 - 1120.

Jesus, J., Menezes, D., Gomes, S., Oliveira, P., Nogales, M. & Brehm, A. (2009) Phylogenetic relationships of gadfly petrels Pterodroma spp. from the Northeastern Atlantic Ocean: molecular evidence for specific status of Bugio and Cape Verde petrels and implications for conservation. Bird Conservation International, 19, 199 - 214.

Fabricius, J. C. (1775) Systema Entomologiae, sistens insectorum, classes, ordines, genera, species, adiectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, observationibus. Officina Libraria Kortii, Flensburgi et Lipsiae. xxxii + 832 pp.

Hilburn, D. J. (1990) New records of Neuroptera, Mallophaga, and Strepsiptera from Bermuda. Florida entomologist, 73 (1), 186 - 187.

Price, R. D., Hellenthal, R. A., Palma, R. L., Johnson, K. P. & Clayton, D. H. (2003) The chewing lice: world checklist and biological overview. Illinois Natural History Survey Special Publication 24, x + 501 pp.

Timmermann, G. (1960) Gruppen-Revisionen bei Mallophagen. II. Genus Halipeurus Thompson 1936. 1. Teil: Die Halipeurus - Arten der gadfly-petrels (Genera Pterodroma und Bulweria). Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde, 20, 317 - 334.

Timmermann, G. (1969) Neue Mallophagen aus dem Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu. Bonner zoologische Beitrage, 20 (1 / 3), 244 - 252.

Zonfrillo, B. (1993) Relationships of the Pterodroma petrels from the Madeira archipelago inferred from their feather lice. Boletin do Museu Municipal do Funchal, Suplemento, 2, 325 - 331.

Figures

FIGURES 3 – 12. Male clypeal signature (hyaline margin omitted): 3, Halipeurus confusus. 4, Halipeurus pricei. 5, Halipeurus atlanticus. 6, Halipeurus pelagodromae. 7, Halipeurus pelagicus. 8, Halipeurus vincesmithi. 9, Halipeurus spadix subclavus. 10, Halipeurus raphanus. 11, Halipeurus fallacis. 12, Halipeurus nesofregettae.

FIGURES 15 – 19. Female clypeal signature (hyaline margin omitted): 15, Halipeurus pricei. 16, Halipeurus atlanticus. 17, Halipeurus raphanus. 18, Halipeurus fallacis. 19, Halipeurus nesofregettae.

FIGURES 20 – 21. Halipeurus atlanticus: 20, habitus of male holotype. 21, habitus of female allotype. Scale = 1 mm.

FIGURES 28 – 33. Ventral view of male terminalia: 28, Halipeurus confusus. 29, Halipeurus pricei. 30, Halipeurus spadix subclavus. 31, Halipeurus atlanticus. 32, Halipeurus pelagodromae. 33, Halipeurus pelagicus.

FIGURES 43 – 48. Ventral view of female terminalia: 43, Halipeurus confusus. 44, Halipeurus pricei. 45, Halipeurus spadix subclavus. 46, Halipeurus atlanticus. 47, Halipeurus pelagodromae. 48, Halipeurus pelagicus.

FIGURES 56 – 60. Male genitalia, dorsal view: 56, Halipeurus atlanticus. 57, Halipeurus confusus. 58, Halipeurus vincesmithi. 59, Halipeurus nesofregettae. 60, Halipeurus raphanus.