Baccharis uleana Malagarriga (1977: 139)

Heiden, Gustavo & Pirani, José Rubens, 2016, Taxonomy of Baccharis subgen. Tarchonanthoides (Asteraceae: Astereae: Baccharidinae), a group from the southeastern South American grasslands and savannas, Phytotaxa 241 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

11. Baccharis uleana Malagarriga (1977: 139) . Type:— BRAZIL: Santa Catarina, Capivari de Baixo, Banhado da Estiva dos Pregos, November 1889, E. Ule 1510 (lectotype HBG! (♂, E. Ule. Herbarium Brasiliense) designated here; holotype P (♀), not found; isolectotypes F! (1520199, ♂ )).

Illustration: — Malagarriga (1977: dessin 368). Fig. 27 , 28 .

Shrubs 0.5–1.5 m tall, erect; fertile shoots virgate, branches axillary. Stems light brown, shoots felted. Leaves 1–3.7 cm long, 3–9 mm wide, sessile, evenly distributed along the branches; leaf blade thin, elliptic, lanceolate to ovate, apex acute to obtuse, sometimes mucronulate, base attenuate to rounded, margins entire, plane or slightly revolute; leaves basally 3-nerved, acrodromous imperfect, adaxial surface with a deciduous or persistent tomentose

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indumentum, abaxial surface with a persistent felted indumentum. Capitulescences paniculate, terminal; panicles corymbiform, 5–25 cm long, 4.5–23 cm wide. Capitula pedunculate; peduncles 1.9–9 mm long, tomentose. Male capitula 3.6–4 mm long; involucre 3.6–3.8 mm long, 4.8–6.8 mm wide, campanulate; phyllaries 3-seriate, canescent, outer and median ones ovate, inner ones elliptic, margins entire, apex acute, villose; clinanthium globose, puberulous, glabrescent or not, with scarce biseriate and filiform trichomes; florets 14–22; corollas 2–2.3

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mm long, tube 0.8–0.9 mm long, throat 1–1.1 mm, lobes 0.2–0.3 mm long, filiform trichomes on the lobes; anthers light brown, 2–2.3 mm long; style 2–2.3 mm long; ovary abortive, 0.1–0.15 mm long, 0.05–0.8 mm wide, covered by biseriate and filiform trichomes; pappus 1.9–2.3 mm long, bristles 12–20, twisted, apically not broadened. Female capitula 4–7.9 mm long; involucre 3.9–4.4 mm long, 4.3–6 mm wide, cylindrical; phyllaries 3-seriate, canescent, outer ones ovate, median ones elliptic, inner ones linear-lanceolate, margins entire, apex acute, villose; clinanthium globose, puberulous, glabrescent or not, covered by filiform and biseriate trichomes; florets 20–26; corollas 2.2–2.5 mm long; style 2.5–2.8 mm long, branches 0.2–0.3 mm long. Cypselae 1–1.2 mm long, 0.4–0.6 mm wide, light brown, pilose, sparsely covered by filiform twin trichomes, elliptical, 2–4-ribbed; pappus 3–3.6 mm long, deciduous; bristles 48–66, not broadened apically, slightly accrescent. Chromosome number unknown.

Etymology:—The species was named after the German botanist Ernst Heinrich Georg Ule (1854–1915), collector of the type specimen.

Distribution and habitat: — Baccharis uleana has a disjunct distribution, occurring in highland areas of the Planalto Paulista in São Paulo state, southeastern Brazil, and along lowland areas in Southern Brazil, at coastal Ilha de Santa Catarina, mainland Santa Catarina state shore and the coastal plains of Lago Guaíba and Lagoa dos Patos, reaching also adjacent hills of the Serra do Sudeste in Rio Grande do Sul state, at elevations between 0 and 800 m a.s.l. (Fig. 29). It grows in locally dense but unevenly distributed populations, generally on acid swamps in the high altitude tropical grasslands in the Atlantic province or on acid swamps or peat bogs, in the transitional zones of the coastal scrubs with the lowland forests of the Atlantic and lowland temperate grassland biomes of the Pampean provinces.

Phenology: —Fertile specimens have been collected between October and November.

Conservation status: —Vulnerable (VU B1; B2a; b i, ii, iii). Baccharis uleana is represented only in few conservation units and in unprotected primary sites. The populations are naturally fragmented and the distribution area is restricted and decreasing. Few known populations still persist, all of them under anthropogenic pressure caused by drainage and urbanization, leading to habitat suppression and loss of habitat quality. The species has not been recorded in São Paulo state for more than 60 years, and was not found in suitable habitats close to the formerly known distribution. Regional state assessments are encouraged with the aim to maintain the few remaining known populations preserved in the other Brazilian states.

Vernacular names: —Vassourinha-do-banhado (Heiden & Oliveira 1812, 1813).

Comments: —As previously discussed, the type collection of Baccharis uleana was mistakenly thought to be B. gibertii by Heering (1904), while Barroso (1976), Barroso & Bueno (2002) and Deble (2012) misapplied the name B. phylicifolia to other specimens of B. uleana . Malagarriga (1977) described B. uleana based on a female specimen of the collection Ule 1510, indicating one female specimen in P as holotype and stating that staminate specimens of the new taxon were not seen. After examination of a male isotype found at F, completely in agreement with the type locality and the vegetative and capitulescence description of the protologue diagnosis, Heiden & Pirani (2012) recognized B. uleana as a distinct species belonging to B. subgen. Tarchonanthoides . After the revision of the herbarium specimens of Baccharis at P, the holotype Ule 1510 has not been found. However, two additional male isotypes of Ule 1510 were found during the herbarium revision at HBG, and they are as well congruent with the type locality information and the vegetative and capitulescence description of the protologue diagnosis of B. uleana provided by Malagarriga. Since a representative ammount of Ernst Ule collections are housed at HBG and no one female duplicate of the holotype was found, the male duplicate of Ule 1510 bearing the label “E. Ule. Herbarium Brasiliense” is here designated as the lectotype of B. uleana .

Specimens examined: — BRAZIL. RIO GRANDE DO SUL: Novo Hamburgo, Hamburgerberg, 22 October 1892, ♀, G. O. A. Malme 224 ( R, S). Pelotas, praia do Laranjal, 10 November 1946, ♂, E. Maria 15 ( P). S.l., s.d., st., C. Gaudichaud 1833 ( H. I. B. 890) ( P). Portão, 30 November 1935, ♂, B. Rambo 2310 ( PACA). Porto Alegre, Morro da Glória, 16 April 1934, ♂, B Rambo 494 ( LP). SANTA CATARINA: Capivari de Baixo , Banhado da Estiva dos Pregos, November 1889, ♂, E. Ule 1510 ( F, HBG). Florianópolis, Ilha de Santa Catarina , Canasvieiras, 6 October 1964, ♂, R. M. Klein 5908 ( FLOR, HBR, LP, RB). Palhoça, Massiambú, 4 m, 15 November 2011, ♂, G.Heiden & C. T. Oliveira 1812 ( SPF); ♀, G.Heiden & C. T. Oliveira 1813 ( SPF). Reserva Municipal Campos de Maciambu , 7 m, 29 November 2006, ♀, A. A. Schneider 1398 ( ICN). SÃO PAULO: São Bernardo do Campo , 26 October 1913, ♂ & ♀, A. C. Brade 6639 ( RB, SP). São Paulo, Interlagos, 13 November 1946, ♀, W. Hoehne 1935 ( ICN, LP, P, RB, SPF, SPSF, UEC, US) , ♂, W. Hoehne 1936 ( F, ICN, LP, MT, RB, SI, SPF, SPSF, UEC, US) . S.l., s.d., st., F. Sellow d463 ( US) .

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FIGURE 29. Distribution of Baccharis uleana (□) and B. phylicifolia (○).

Figures

FIGURE 27. Baccharis uleana. A. Fertile shoot of pistillate plant. B. Leaves. C. Portion of tomentose peduncle. D. Male capitulum. E. Phyllaries of male capitulum (outer to inner). F. Male floret. G. Female capitulum. H. Phyllaries of female capitulum (outer to inner). I. Female floret. J. Corolla and style of female floret. K. Cypsela. A, C, G–K: Heiden 1813 (SPF). B (from left to right): Heiden 1812 (SPF); Brade 6639 (SP); Klein 5908 (FLOR); Rambo 2310 (PACA); Ule 1510 (F). D–F: Heiden 1812 (SPF). Illustration by João Iganci.

FIGURE 28. Baccharis uleana. A. Habitat and habit in acid swamps, in the transitional zone of the coastal scrub with the lowland Ombrophilous Dense Forest at Massiambú, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil. B. Habit. C. Shoot. D. Male capitulescence. E. Female capitulescence. Photos by G. Heiden.