Baccharis chionolaenoides Falkenberg & Deble (2010: 64)

Heiden, Gustavo & Pirani, José Rubens, 2016, Taxonomy of Baccharis subgen. Tarchonanthoides (Asteraceae: Astereae: Baccharidinae), a group from the southeastern South American grasslands and savannas, Phytotaxa 241 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

1. Baccharis chionolaenoides Falkenberg & Deble (2010: 64) . Lanugothamnus chionolaenoides (D.B.Falkenb. & Deble) Deble (2012: 16) . Type:— BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: Urubici, extremo sul do topo do Morro da Igreja, pouco além da área cercada pelo CINDACTA, 6 December 1996, ♀, D. B. Falkenberg 8961 (holotype FLOR!; isotypes CTES!, MBM, SI!, UEC!).

Illustration: — Falkenberg & Deble (2010: 66). Fig. 2 , 3 .

Subshrubs 0.3–1 m tall, erect; fertile shoots ascending, dichotomously branched. Stems light brown, shoots tomentose. Leaves 2–4 cm long, 0.7–2.5 cm wide, crowded at the distal part of the branches; petioles 0–1 cm long; leaf blade indurate, elliptic to obovate, apex acute to obtuse, sometimes mucronulate, base long-attenuate, margins entire or with one pair of vestigial teeth, flat; leaves basally 3–5-nerved, acrodromous, with a secondary even reticulum, adaxial surface with a caducous lanose indumentum, abaxial surface with a persistent tomentose indumentum. Capitulescences terminal; corymbs 2–4.5 cm long, 2.5–5 cm wide. Capitula pedunculate; peduncles 0.4–4 cm long, lanose. Male capitula 6.5–8.6 mm long; involucre 5–6.5 mm long, 8–13 mm wide, cup-shaped; phyllaries 3–4-seriate, ochraceous or stramineous, outer linear-ovate, median and inner linear-lanceolate, margins entire, apex rounded to acute, villose; clinanthium convex, with flagellate trichomes; florets 43–92; corollas 4–5.3 mm long, tube 2–2.9 mm long, throat 0.6–0.8 mm, lobes 1.4–1.6 mm long, biseriate hairs on throat; anthers fulvous, 0.9–1.1 mm long; style 4–5.4 mm long; ovary abortive, 0.9–1.1 mm long, 0.1–0.2 mm wide, glabrous; pappus 3.7–5 mm long, bristles 30–52, twisted, not broadened apically. Female capitula 6–12 mm long; involucre 5.5–10 mm long, 7–12 mm wide, cup-shaped to campanulate; phyllaries 4–5-seriate, ochraceous or stramineous, outer and median ones oblanceolate, inner ones linear-lanceolate, margins entire, apex obtuse to acute, villose; clinanthium convex, with scattered biseriate glandular trichomes; florets 43–70; corollas 3.1–4 mm long; style 4.1–4.4 mm long, branches 0.7–1 mm long. Cypselae 2.4–3.2 mm long, 0.7–1 mm wide, brown, glabrescent, obconical, slightly compressed laterally, 9–10-ribbed, ribs with scattered twin trichomes; pappus 3.5–5.2 mm long; bristles 40–66. Chromosome number unknown.

Etymology: —The specific epithet refers to the superficial resemblance to the Southeastern Brazilian species Chionolaena latifolia (Benth.) Baker ( Asteraceae : Gnaphalieae ).

Distribution and habitat:— Baccharis chionolaenoides occurs in southern Brazil (Santa Catarina state), being endemic to a single site in the Southern precipice of the Morro da Igreja, at elevations around 1775 m a.s.l. (Fig. 4). It forms dense populations on rock outcrops, growing on steep cliffs at the transition between bare rocks and cloud forests, along the buffer zone between the ombrophilous dense forest and the high altitude subtropical highland grasslands, in the contact of the Atlantic and Paranense provinces.

Phenology:— Fertile specimens have been collected from early October to late January.

Conservation status: —Critically endangered (B1, B2a). It is known from a single locality with a small extent of occurrence (<100 km 2) and area of occupancy (<10 km 2). Although the species occurs at an almost intangible area inside a conservation unit, its population size, number of mature individuals and resilience of the population is unknown. Anthropogenic threats seems to be out of reach, however extinction may take place due to stochastic events.

Vernacular names: —Unknown.

Comments:— Baccharis chionolaenoides is easily recognized by the habit and entire leaves distally crowded on branches. It has an unusual large sterile ovary compared to the other species of the subgenus. The pappus bristles of male florets not broadened apically is a further character distinguishing this species from the remaining of B. ser. Curitybenses.

Specimens examined:— BRAZIL. SANTA CATARINA: Urubici, Parque Nacional de São Joaquim, Morro da Igreja , CINDACTA, 16 October 1993, ♀, D. B . Falkenberg 6290 ( FLOR); 18 June 1996, D. B . Falkenberg 7958 ( FLOR); 8 October 1996, ♀, D. B . Falkenberg 8378 ( FLOR); 3 November 1996, ♂, D. B . Falkenberg 8724 ( FLOR, CTES, SI, MBM, UEC); 6 December 1996, ♂, D. B . Falkenberg 8962 ( FLOR); 29 January 1997, ♂, D. B . Falkenberg 9421 ( FLOR); 28°7'53"S, 49°28'38"W, 1775 m , 13 November 2011, ♂, G . Heiden & C. T . Oliveira 1799 ( SPF); ♀, G . Heiden & C. T . Oliveira 1800 ( SPF) .

TAXONOMY OF BACCHARIS SUBGEN. TARCHONANTHOIDES

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HEIDEN & PIRANI TAXONOMY OF BACCHARIS SUBGEN. TARCHONANTHOIDES

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FIGURE 4. Distribution of Baccharis chionolaenoides (Z), B. curitybensis (○) and B. nebularis (Δ).

Figures

FIGURE 2. Baccharis chionolaenoides. A. Fertile shoot of estaminate plant. B. Leaves. C. Portion of lanose peduncle. D. Male capitulum. E. Phyllaries of male capitulum (outer to inner). F. Male floret. G. Female capitulum. H. Phyllaries of female capitulum (outer to inner). I. Female floret. J. Corolla and style of female floret. K. Cypsela. A–F: Heiden 1799 (SPF). G–K: Heiden 1800 (SPF). Illustration by João Iganci.

FIGURE 3. Baccharis chionolaenoides. A. Habitat on steep cliffs in the transition between bare rocks and cloud forests at Morro da Igreja, Parque Nacional de São Joaquim, Urubici, Santa Catarina, Brazil. B. View from above of a specimen growing in a basaltic crevice. C. Habit. D. Male capitulescence. E. Female capitulescence. Photos by G. Heiden.