Neomarica sancti-vicentei A.Gil & M.C.E.Amaral, 2017
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/phytotaxa.299.2.4 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C0878D-FFFE-FF9D-0989-F88808859DD2 |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Neomarica sancti-vicentei A.Gil & M.C.E.Amaral |
| status |
sp. nov. |
Neomarica sancti-vicentei A.Gil & M.C.E.Amaral View in CoL , sp. nov. ( Figs. 5 A–E View FIGURE 5 , 6 A–F View FIGURE 6 )
Similar to Neomarica decumbens , differing mainly by the tall and erect habit, erect flowering stems and predominantly blue outer tepals.
Type:— BRAZIL. São Paulo: São Vicente, Morro do Voturuá (Morro da Asa-delta), em frente a praia de Itararé, no topo do morro, 23º58’04”S, 46º23’01”W, 15 January 2006, A. S. B. Gil & R. M. Cerqueira 164 ( UEC!).
Herb, perennial, 70–120 cm tall. Rhizome ca. 5.5–8 × 1.5–3 cm, vertical, occasionally curved, underground or rarely with the apex above ground. Leaves and flowering stems (peduncle + first bract) congested at the apex of the rhizome. Leaves glaucous green or rarely dark green, dull, erect, with recurved apical third, 71–87.5 × 2.9–4.2 cm, ensiform, with slightly prominent and evident midrib. Flowering stems 90–120 cm long; peduncle erect, winged, 70–104 × 1.8–3 cm, with conspicuous midrib. First bract occasionally recurved, appearing as a continuation of the peduncle, 14.5–17 × 1.7–2 cm, similar to the apex of the leaves, with slightly prominent and evident midrib, subtending a first stalk (infra-rhipidial rachis internode; Fig. 6 B–C View FIGURE 6 ). Second bract at the apex of a conspicuous first rachis internode, 4–6 × 1.1–1.4 cm, patent (perpendicular to the first bract), navicular, winged, subtending the stalk of the second rhipidium; first rachis internode 1.6–3 × 0.4–0.6 cm ( Fig. 6 B View FIGURE 6 ). Third bract at the apex of a second rachis internode, often inconspicuous, when conspicuous, with about half the size of the second bract, navicular, without winged projection, subtending a sessile to subsessile third rhipidium. Fourth bract always inconspicuous. Rhipidia (1)2–3(4) per flowering stem, 4.5–6 × 0.5–0.8 cm, always at the apex of a stalk, with two opposed invaginated leathery spathes enclosing the flower buds, the membranous bracteoles and the pedicels of mature flowers; stalks 2–7 cm long. Flowers 6–8 cm in diameter, predominantly blue with pale-yellow center; outer tepals 3.5–4.1 × 2.3–2.7 cm, patent to reflexed, obovate to wide-elliptic, blue to light violet, with the basal portion pale-yellow, covered by brown, sublinear, transversal stripes, clustered around the mid-vein; inner tepals 2.3–2.7 × 1.2–1.6 cm, erect, nearly sigmoid, with the basal portion radiate, the middle portion erect and the apical portion revolute, basal and mid thirds pale-yellow, covered by brown, sublinear, diagonal stripes, base of the revolute apex with two parallel, deep-yellow, elongated streaks, apical third white, turning yellowish towards the margins, and the center with longitudinal violet stripes, ramifying diagonally (following the veins) towards the margin; reproductive column ca. 20 mm long; stamens 12.5–15 mm long; filaments yellow with brown base, 5–6 mm long; anthers pale-yellow, 7–10 mm long; styles white with yellow base; stigmatic crests white, margin entire; lateral crests erect, 5–7 mm long, deltoid to lanceoloid, laterally compressed, apex filiform; central crest erect to bent between the lateral ones, 2–3 mm long, navicular, apex filiform; ovary green, ca. 13 mm long, subcircular in cross-section, 6-sulcate, surface smooth. Fruits not seen.
Etymology:—The epithet was chosen in reference to São Vicente, municipality founded in 1532 from the first Brazilian village ( Lança & Rocha Filho 2005), wherein lies the type locality of Neomarica sancti-vicentei .
Distribution, habitat and phenology:— Neomarica sancti-vicentei is only known from Voturuá Hill, municipality of São Vicente, state of São Paulo, Southeast Brazil ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 ). The species grows in the understory of ombrophilous forest located on a rocky hill near the seashore. Individuals of N. sancti-vicentei were observed flowering from December to March (fruits not seen).
Conservation status:— Neomarica sancti-vicentei type locality is a small green area within the city of São Vicente, which attracts several tourists per day enjoying hang gliding. Due to this touristic activity, the Brazilian Atlantic Forest in the area is very anthropized. No other population of the species was found, despite the fact that several field trips were performed. Considering the restricted distribution of the species ( EOO <12 km 2; AOO <7 km 2) and the anthropic pressure that affects the only known locality, N. sancti-vicentei should be considered as Critically Endangered [ CR B1 ab(iii)+ B2 ab(iii)] according to the IUCN (2016) criteria .
Taxonomic relationships:— Neomarica sancti-vicentei resembles N. decumbens ( Ravenna 2003: 34) Gil (2009: 98) ( Fig.7 A–C View FIGURE 7 ), especially due to the color and texture of the leaves and flowering stems; color, disposition and shape of the bracts and rhipidia on the flowering stems; general morphology of the flower; patent to reflexed outer tepals; large reproductive column (ca. 20 mm long); and stigmatic crests with filiform apex. However, N. sancti-vicentei differs mainly by the tall (70–120 cm tall) and erect habit (vs. short, curved habit, 25–50 cm tall); erect flowering stem (vs. curved); predominantly blue outer tepals ( Fig. 6 C–D View FIGURE 6 ; vs. predominantly white, or sometimes white with blue dots, Fig. 7 B View FIGURE 7 ); apex of the inner tepals white with violet stripes, not tinted ( Fig. 6 E View FIGURE 6 ; vs. apex of the inner tepals tinted violet, Fig. 7 B View FIGURE 7 ). Neomarica sancti-vicentei is also similar to N. sabinei ( Lindley 1826: 75) Chukr (2001: 379–380) ( Fig.7 D–F View FIGURE 7 ), sharing morphological characters such as the disposition and shape of the bracts and rhipidia on the flowering stems; leaves glaucous green to dark green, dull, erect, with recurved apical third; flowers sometimes with similar color ( N. sabinei shows great variation of flower color); large reproductive column (ca. 20 mm long). Neomarica sancti-vicentei differs mainly by the shorter first bract (14.5–17 cm long, Fig. 6 B View FIGURE 6 ; vs. 10–60 cm long, Fig. 7 D View FIGURE 7 ); inconspicuous fourth bract (vs. conspicuous); rhipidia pedunculated ( Fig. 6 C View FIGURE 6 ; vs. sessile, Fig. 7 D View FIGURE 7 ); whitish to pale-yellow anthers ( Fig. 6 F View FIGURE 6 ; vs. pale-yellow with blue dehiscence line, Fig. 7 F View FIGURE 7 ); stigmatic crests deltoid to lanceoloid, laterally compressed, with filiform apex ( Fig. 6 F View FIGURE 6 ; vs. short-triangular, with acute apex, Fig. 7 F View FIGURE 7 ).
Additional specimens examined (paratypes):— BRAZIL. São Paulo: São Vicente, sobre pedras, cultivada no Horto da Faculdade de Farmácia e Odontologia de São Paulo (capital), 10 March 1954, Hoehne s.n. ( SPF 15285 About SPF !; UEC 195381 About UEC !) .
| A |
Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum |
| S |
Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History |
| B |
Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet |
| R |
Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile |
| M |
Botanische Staatssammlung München |
| UEC |
Universidade Estadual de Campinas |
| CR |
Museo Nacional de Costa Rica |
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