Pupa strigosa ( Gould, 1859 )

Valdés, Ángel, Feliciano, Kendall & Malaquias, Manuel A. E., 2023, The genus Pupa Röding, 1798 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Acteonidae) in New Caledonia with notes on Recent species, Zootaxa 5270 (3), pp. 471-506 : 493-494

Pupa strigosa ( Gould, 1859)

( Fig. 14 )

Buccinulus strigosus Gould, 1859: 141 . Type locality: Loo Choo [= Ryūkyū-Shotō, Japan] and Kagosima [= Kagoshima, Japan].

Buccinulus fraterculus Dunker, 1882: 161–162 , pl. 13, figs. 21–23. Type locality: Japan.

Type material. Buccinulus strigosus — Lectotype, dry shell, 3.8 mm long ( USNM 1311), designated by Johnson (1964: 154), illustrated by Johnson (1964: pl. 20, fig. 1) and Higo et al. (2001: 137), 3 paralectotypes ( USNM 612300; MCZ 370525). Buccinulus fraterculus — 3 syntypes, dry shells, 9–11 mm long ( NHMUK 1905.12.30.40), one of them illustrated by Higo et al. (2001: 137).

Material examined. Namihaya-zaki , Wakayama Prefecture, Japan, 2 m depth, 1 dry shell 12 mm long, 27–30 Sep 1982, leg. J. McLean et al. ( LACM 82 - 19.23 ) . Tomioka Bay , Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan, 20–40 m depth, 67 dry shells 2–11 mm long, 4–5 Oct 1982, leg. J. McLean et al. ( LACM 82 - 23.12 ) .

External morphology. Shell solid, narrow, oval to elongate, widest near midlength, with convex to parallel sides, rounded to elongate anterior end ( Fig. 14 ). Body whorl large, about 3/4–4/5 of total length. Spire conical, with 4 whorls. Suture channeled. Aperture elongate, wider anteriorly, narrowing gradually towards posterior end, ending at 1/7 of the posterior end of first whorl. Columellar margin thickened, oblique, with large, channeled anterior fold starting at anterior end of aperture; minute, simple posterior fold located at aperture mid-length, separated from anterior fold by short gap. Protoconch not observed. Sculpture composed of numerous punctuated spiral grooves. Punctuations conspicuous, irregular, oval, situated next to each other, often fused together, within each groove. Grooves separated by gaps wider than grooves. Shell color whitish cream to pale brown, with numerous dark brown or black, square to oval patches, situated on gaps between punctuated spiral grooves all over shell. One or two bands on body whorl with smaller patches or lacking patches. Posterior whorls without patches.

Geographic range. Possibly endemic to Japan ( Hori, 2017; Nakano, 2018; present paper).

Remarks. Gould (1859) introduced the new name Buccinulus strigosus Gould, 1859 for several small specimens collected in Ryūkyū-Shotō (Ryukyu Islands), Japan. The specimens were described with a short Latin text as having a brown and white color pattern and some other details of the shell morphology. Johnson (1964) designated a lectotype for this species that was illustrated by Johnson (1964: pl. 20, fig. 1) and Higo et al. (2001: 137). The lectotype, which is damaged and worn-out, is similar to shells here assigned to P. affinis , but darker and relatively shorter. Habe (1950) regarded B. strigosus as a valid member of the genus Pupa and illustrated the shell as well as the radula. Currently, the name P. strigosa is used as valid in Japan ( Hori, 2017; Nakano, 2018) and elsewhere ( Rudman, 2001).

We have been unable to verify the validity of P. strigosa , however, mtDNA sequences of a specimen collected from Japan and assigned to this species were downloaded from GenBank and confirmed to belong to a distinct species, closely related to P. affinis . We have not seen photographs of the specimens sequenced or any other information, but we have examined dry shells from Japan ( Figs. 14D–E ) that are consistent with the morphology and coloration of the lectotype of P. strigosa ( Fig. 14A ) as well as with the current usage of this species name in Japanese literature ( Habe, 1950; Hori, 2017; Nakano, 2018). Moreover, the radula of P. strigosa illustrated by Habe (1950, fig. 13) is clearly distinct from those of other species here examined ( Fig. 7 ); a comparison to the radula of P. affinis reveals that the radular teeth of P. strigosa have less, shorter denticles and the innermost teeth are narrower. Therefore, we conclude that there is a distinct species of Pupa in Japan that we tentatively assign to the name P. strigosa , but additional research is needed to confirm this point or the geographic range of this species.

Dunker (1882) described Buccinulus fraterculus Dunker, 1882 based on specimens collected from Japan and illustrated by Higo et al. (2001: 137). Habe (1950) regarded B. fraterculus as a synonym of P. strigosa . We examined photographs of the syntypes B. fraterculus (NHMUK 1905.12.30.40, Figs 14B–C ) which are similar to other specimens assigned to P. strigosa herein. Therefore, we agree with Habe’s (1950) decision to synonymize these two names.

Figures

FIGURE 7. Scanning electron micrographs of the radulae of specimens from Koumac, New Caledonia. A. Pupa solidula (Linnaeus, 1758), MNHN IM-2013-86155. B. Pupa sulcata (Gmelin, 1791), MHNH IM-2013-86146. C. Pupa nitidula (Lamarck, 1822), MNHN IM-2013-86157. D. Pupa coccinata (Reeve, 1842), MHNH IM-2013-86143. E. Pupa affinis (A. Adams, 1855), MNHN IM-2013-86144. F. Pupa charlesi sp. nov., MNHN IM-2013-86154.

FIGURE 14. Photographs of shell specimens of Pupa strigosa (Gould, 1859). A. Lectotype of Buccinulus strigosus Gould, 1859 (USNM 1311), ©USNM. B–C. Two syntypes of Buccinulus fraterculus Dunker, 1882 (NHMUK 1905.12.30.40), ©NHMUK, photos by K. Webb. D. Specimen from Tomioka Bay, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan (LACM 82-23.12). E. Specimen from Namihaya-zaki, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan (LACM 82-19.23).