Charinus carajas, Giupponi & Miranda, 2016

Giupponi, Alessandro Ponce de Leão & Miranda, Gustavo Silva de, 2016, Eight New Species of Charinus Simon, 1892 (Arαchnidα: Amblypygi: Chαrinidαe) Endemic for the Brαziliαn Amαzon, with Notes on Their Conservαtionαl Stαtus, PLoS ONE (e 0148277) 1892 (2), pp. 1-33 : 15-18

Charinus carajas new species. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:630A7E0F-7D67-4929-A58F-EF5AC1B2E664

( Figs 8A–8F , 2E, 3E, 4E and 4G)

Etymology. This species is named after the mountain range where the species inhabits (" Serra Carajá ", Caraja mountains). The name also refers to the important indigenous group called karajas or iny mahãdu, that occupy the region of the rivers Araguaia and Javaés in the states of Goiás, Mato Grosso, Tocantins and Pará, Brazil.

Material. Holotype: BRAZIL: Pará, Serra de Carajás, Gruta N 4E-14 AF Flona Carajás, PA 592935mE / 9332514mN SAD’69, 7-12.x.2008 Andrade et al. leg. (1 female and 1 juvenile, MZSP 29136 )

Paratype. BRAZIL: Pará, Serra de Carajás, FLONA de Carajás : Gruta N4E-22, 592107mE/ 9332976mN SAD’ 69, 7-12.x.2008 (1 male, MZSP 29126 ) ; Gruta N 4E-95 59308mE/ 9332318mN SAD’ 69, 7-12.x.2008, Andrade et al. leg. (1 male, MZUSP 29127 ) ; Gruta N5S, 3- 13.v.2005, Andrade & Arnoni leg. (1 juvenile, MZSP 28286 ) ; Gruta N 4WS 15, 20.x.2006, Andrade et al. leg. (2 juveniles, MZSP 28292 ) ; Gruta N 4E 33, 08-12.ii.2007, Andrade et al. leg. (2 juveniles, MZSP 28290 ) ; Gruta N5E 03 (nova 07), 22.iii2-03.iv, Andrade & Arnoni leg. (1 juvenile, MZSP 28281 ) ; Gruta N5S 01, 3-13.v.2005, Andrade & Arnoni leg. (1juvenile, MZSP 28285 ) ; Gruta N 4E 21, 20.x-01.xi.2006, Andrade et al. leg. (1 juvenile, MZSP 28288 ) ; Gruta N 4E 10 20.x-01.xi.2006, Andrade et al. leg. (1 juvenile, MZSP 28287 ) ; Gruta N5E 05 (nova 04), 22.iii-03.iv.2005, Andrade & Arnoni leg. (1 juvenile, MZSP 28283 ) ; Gruta N 4E 22, 20.x-01. xi.2006, Andrade et al. col (2 juvenile, MZSP 28289 ) ; Gruta N5E 04 (nova 06), 22.iii-03.iv.2005, Andrade & Arnoni leg. (3 juvenile, MZSP 28282 ) ; Parauapebas, Projeto N 5S, Morro I, Cav. GEM, 1782 ( Est. Seca ), 28.ii.2011,CARSTE leg. (1 male and 2 female, ISLA 3897 ) ; MII GEM 1722 EU (1 female, ISLA 3892 ) , MII GEM 1755EU (1 male and 1 female, ISLA 3890 ) ; Gruta N4WS8 CL 589108mE/9326836mN SAD’ 69, 7-12.x-2008 (2 female, 1 male and 2 juvenile, MNRJ 09270 , ex MZUSP 29132 ) .

Addional material. Gruta N 4E 61, FONA Carajás, PA , 08-12.ii.2007, Andrade et al. leg. (1 female and 3 juveniles, MZSP 28291 ) ; Gruta GEM15170, AF Tarzan, Carajás, PA 598042mE / 930054mN SAD’69 17-24.x.08, Andrade et al leg. (1 male and 3 juveniles, MZSP 29121 ) ; Gruta N 5E 11 (nova 21), carajás, PA , 22.iii-03.iv.2005, Andrade & Arnoni leg. (1 female, MZSP

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doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148277.g008

28284); Gruta GEM 1564 CL Tarzan, Carajás, PA , 599908mE/9301572mN SAD’69, 17-24. x.2008, Andrade et al. leg. (1 male, MZSP 29120 ) ; Gruta N 4E-33 AF Flona Carajás, PA , 592939mE / 9332222mN SAD’69 7-12.x.2008, Andrade et al. leg. (1 male, MZSP 29125 ) ; Gruta N 4WS8 AF Flona Carajás, PA 589108mE / 9326836mN SAD’69, 7-12.x.2008, Andrade et al. leg. (1 juvenile, MZSP 29137 ) ; Gruta N 5S8 CL FLona Carajás, PA , 596003mE / 9325922mN SAD’69 7-12.x.2008, Andrade et al. leg. (1 male, MZSP 21131 ) ; Gruta N 1-15, Mangangá; FLONA Carajás, PA , 28.ix-03.x.2007, Andrade et al. leg. (1 female, MZSP 29116 ) ; Gruta N 1- 15, mangangá, FLONA Carajás, PA , 28.ix-03.x.2007, Andrade et al. leg. (1 juvenile, MZSP 29115 ) ; Gruta N 4E-08 CL, Flona Carajas, PA , 592957mE / 9332412mN SAD’69, 7-12.x.2008 Andrade et al. leg. (1 juvenile, MZSP 29134 ) ; Gruta N 1-64 Amailton, FLONA Carajás, PA , 28. ix-03.x.2007, Andrade et al. leg. (1 female, MZSP 29114 ) ; Gruta N 4E-61 AF Flona Carajás, PA , 592130mE / 9332403mN SAD’69 7-21.x.2008 Andrade et al. leg. (1 male, MZSP 29135 ) ; Gruta N 4E-26 CL Flona Carajás, PA , 592154mE / 9332602mN SAD’69, 7-12.x.2008, Andrade et al. leg. (1 male, MZSP 29128 ) ; Gruta N 4E-10 AF, Flona Carajás, PA 592889mE / 9332420mN SAD’69 7-12.x.2008, Andrade et al. leg. (1 juvenile, MZSP 29129 ) ; Gruta N 4E-22 AF Flona Carajás, PA , 592107mE / 9332976mN SAD’69 7–12.. x.2008 (1 juvenile, MZSP 29133 ) ; Gruta N 1- 25, Três Mosqueteiras, FLONA Carajás, PA , 28.ix-03.x.2007, Andrade et al. leg. (1 juvenile, MZSP 29113 ) ; Gruta n5S21 AF Flona Carajás, PA , 596716mE / 9327033mN SAD’69 7-12. x.2008, Andrade et al. leg. (1 juvenile, MZSP 29130 ) ; Gruta GEM 1590 CL Tarzan, Carajás, PA , 59891mE / 9301870mN SAD’69, 17-24.x.2008, Andrade et al. leg. (1 juvenile, MZSP 29123 )

Diagnosis. Median and lateral eyes present, but median tubercle and lateral eyes strongly reduced; small and rounded meta and mesosternum; reduced tritosternun, slightly surpassing the base of the pedipalp coxae; dorsal femur with four spines; small basal spine of pedipalp distitarsus, ¼ the length of the distal; tibia I with 23 articles and tarsus with 42; basitibia of leg IV divided in three pseudo articles; trichobothria of basitibia IV (bt) at the proximal third of the article; distitibia IV with 16 trichobothria; equidistant basal trichobothriae of distitibia IV (bf, bc and sbf); pale yellow body color; cushion-like female gonopod with lateral projections directed backwards covering all the opening of the internal seminal receptacles (atrium); male gonopods with long, curved and wrinkled medial lobes; lateral lobes fimbriated; dorsal lobe surpassing the length of all other lobes and with elevated scales; secondary sexual dimorphism present, males with larger pedipalps, circa of two times the size of the female.

Description. Carapace ( Fig 8A and 8B ): flattened, wider than long; lateral and median eyes are reduced; median eye tubercle inside a trapezoid depression; individuals preserved in alcohol with a black spot under the median eyes tubercle. From the depression of the median eyes starts a thin median furrow that reaches around the posterior area of the pair of lateral hump situated behind the lateral eye spots. Anterior margin with 5 to 7 small setae. Frontal process well developed, much longer than larger, with blunt, rounded apex.

Sternum ( Fig 8C ). Tri-segmented. Tritosternum with a round basis and projected anteriorly in a small blunt tubercle that reach the basis of the pedipalp coxa, with 2 apical, 2 median and 2 basal setae. Middle piece rounded, convex, with 2 setae and a few setulae. Third piece also rounded and convex, subequal to the middle piece, and with two setae. Sternites separated from each other by the diameter of the middle piece.

Abdomen ( Fig 8A and 8B ). Same as C. brescoviti sp. n..

Chelicera ( Fig 2E ). Cheliceral furrow with 4 internal teeth, the distal one bifid, the first cusp bigger than the second one. Fourth twice as long than the others and much stouter. Teeth length (from tip to basis) IV>Ia>Ib>III>II. Claw with 6 denticles, decreasing from the base to the distal part.

Pedipalp. Trochanter ( Fig 8E and 8F ): large distal, spiniform, ventral apophysis, bearing many strong setae and with a blunt tip pointed forwards, and 2 subequal spines, one at the median third and the other at the distal tip of the prolateral face. Femur ( Fig 8E and 8F ): 4 dorsal spines decreasing in size from basal to distal; first and second spines are subequal and the third is 2/3 the first (I>II>III); before the first spine, two prominent setiferous tubercle; 3 ventral spines (I>II>III) decreasing in size from proximal to distal; a fourth distal smaller spine is and a basal accessory spine before the first (slightly smaller than third) is present in some specimens. Tibia ( Fig 8E and 8F ): main series with 3 spines (I>II>III); in some specimens a small accessory spine after the third can be counted; third spine is 2/3 the second and the second is slightly smaller than the first; small accessory spine before the first spine; 3 ventral spines decreasing in size, the second and third 2/3 smaller than the following. Basitarsus ( Fig 8D, 8E and 8F ): 2 dorsal spines, the basal 2/3 the distal. 1 apical ventral spine, slightly smaller than the basal dorsal spine. Distitarsus ( Fig 8D ): with 2 well developed curved spines, the basal 1/3 the distal. Cleaning organ about ½ the article length. Claw ( Fig 8D ): long, with an acute, curved tip.

Legs. Same as C. brescoviti sp. n.. Femur length I>III>IV>II. Tibia I with 23 articles. Tarsus (basitarsus+distitarsus) I with 42 articles. Leg IV: Basitibia: 3 pseudo-articles, one trichobothrium at the limit of the basal and medial third of the basal pseudo-article, and another trichobothrium at the distal pseudo-article. Distitibia ( Fig 3E ): 3 basal and 13 distal trichobothria (total of 16); trichobothrium bc is little bit closer to sbf than to bf. Basitibia-distitibia length BT1>DT>BT3 = BT4>BT2. Basitarsus / distitarsus ratio 7/4, distitarsus tetramerous.

Measurements. Males (n = 2): Cephalothorax: Length: 2.49 mm (2.40–2.57), Width: 3.69 mm (3.6–3.79). Abdomen: 4.05 mm (3.65–4.46). Pedipalp: Femur 3.30 mm (2.61–4.0), Tibia 3.29 mm (2.72–3.85), Basitarsus 1.13 mm (0.84–1.43), Distitarsus 0.80 mm (0.74-.86), Tarsal claw 0.68 mm (0.65–0.71). Females (n = 1): Cephalothorax: Length: 2.38 mm, Width: 3.23 mm. Abdomen: 3.35 mm. Pedipalp: Femur 2.29 mm, Tibia 3.33 mm, Basitarsus 1.25 mm, Distitarsus 0.85 mm, Tarsal claw 0.75 mm.

Color Pattern (in alcohol). Chelicerae, pedipalps and carapace yellowish. Legs lighter colored. Abdomen pale yellow. Color of live animals have are unknown.

Genitalia. Female gonopods ( Fig 4E ) cushion-like, with lateral projections directed backwards, covering completely the atrium opening; projections (claws) not sclerotized, wide, and with a rhombus apex, as in C. guto sp. n. and C. vulgaris (see Miranda & Giupponi, 2011). Male gonopods ( Fig 4G ) fistula with smooth tegument; medial lobes long, curved and wrinkled; median lamella integument wrinkled; dorsal lobe with erected projections, some acute and others straight (like a row of shark teeth); LoL2 fimbriated; LoL 1 covered with microvili; PI with large longitudinal folds.

Natural history. Inside cave, in a region called canga that contains iron ore.

Figures

Fig 2. A-H. Mesal view of the right chelicerae of all new species here described. A. Charinus brescoviti sp. n. (female paratype, IBSP 149); B. Charinus ricardoi sp. n. (female paratype, MZSP 22036); C. Charinus bonaldoi sp. n. (female paratype,MPEG 0061); D. Charinus guto sp. n. (female paratype, MZSP 41460); E. Charinus carajas sp. n. (male paratype, MZSP 28291); F. Charinus orientalis sp. n. (female paratype, MZSP 29118); G. Charinus ferreus sp. n. (female paratype, MZSP 29106); H. Charinus bichuetteae sp. n. (male paratype, MNRJ 9173). Scale bars: 1mm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148277.g002

Fig 3. A-H. Trichobothria of left basitibia IV and distitibia IV. A. Charinus brescoviti sp. n. (female holotype, IBSP 149); B. Charinus ricardoi sp. n. (female holotype, MZSP 22036); C. Charinus bonaldoi sp. n. (female paratype, MPEG 0061); D. Charinus guto sp. n. (female holotype, MZSP 48146); E. Charinus carajas sp. n. (female holotype, MZSP 29136); F. Charinus orientalis sp. n. (female paratype, MZSP 29118); G. Charinus ferreus sp. n. (female holotype, MZSP 29104); H. Charinus bichuetteae sp. n. (male paratype, MNRJ 09173). Acronyms: bt, basotibial; bf, basofrontal; bc, basocaudal; sbf, sub-basofrontal; sc, caudal series; sf, frontal series;. Scale bars: 1mm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148277.g003

Fig 4. A-H. Female and male gonopods of the new species described in this paper. A-F. Female gonopods. A. Charinus brescoviti sp. n. (IBSP 149); B. Charinus ricardoi sp. n. (MZSP 22036); C. Charinus bonaldoi sp. n. (MPEG 061); D. Charinus guto sp. n. (MZSP 48146); E. Charinus carajas sp. n. (MZSP 29132); F. Charinus orientalis sp. n. (MNRJ 09249). G-H. Male gonopods.G. Charinus carajas sp. n. (MZSP 29121); H. Charinus ferreus sp. n. (MZSP 29106). Scale bars of figures. A, B, C, E, G, H: 100μm. Scale bars of figures. D, F: 50μm. doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0148277.g004

Fig 8. A-F. Habitus and details of the sternum and pedipalp of Charinus carajas sp. n. (male, MZSP 29126). A. Dorsal habitus; B. Live specimen in an iron cave in Carajás. C. Sternum; D. Frontal view of the right pedipalp basitiba, distitiba and claw; E. Dorsal view of the right pedipalp; F. Ventral view of the right pedipalp. Scale bars: 1mm. Photo B by Denis Pedroso