Charinus bonaldoi, Giupponi & Miranda, 2016

Giupponi, Alessandro Ponce de Leão & Miranda, Gustavo Silva de, 2016, Eight New Species of Charinus Simon, 1892 (Arαchnidα: Amblypygi: Chαrinidαe) Endemic for the Brαziliαn Amαzon, with Notes on Their Conservαtionαl Stαtus, PLoS ONE (e 0148277) 1892 (2), pp. 1-33 : 10-13

Charinus bonaldoi new species. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:00826582-787B-481B-8F6E-0EE4786DE765

( Figs 6A–6F , 2C , 3C and 4C )

Etymology. This species is named after Dr. Alexandre Bragio Bonaldo (Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, PA, BR), in recognition of his contribution to arachnology.

Type material. Holotype: BRAZIL: Pará: Benevides , 18.i.2002, D.R. S., Souza & A. C. Souza (Female with eggs, MPEG AMB 061 ) . Paratypes: BRAZIL: Pará: Benevides , 18.i.2002, D.R. S., Souza & A. C. Souza (5 Female, MPEG AMB 061 ) ; 06.xi.2001, D.R. S., Souza & A. C. Souza (1 Female and 3 juveniles, MPEG 061 ) ; 06.xi.2001, D.R. S., Souza & A. C. Souza (1 female, MPEG 060 ) ; 06.xi.2001, D.R. S., Souza & A. C. Souza (1 Female, MNRJ 09250 ) .

Diagnosis. Absent median eyes and tubercle; weakly developed and pale lateral eyes; small and rounded meta and mesosternum; small basal spine of pedipalp distitarsus, ¼ the length of the distal; pedipalp almost perpendicular to body, similar to that of C. ricardoi sp. n. and Paracharon caecus ; basitibia of leg IV divided in two pseudo articles; trichobothria of basitibia IV (bt) at the proximal third of the article; distitibia IV with 16 trichobothria; trichobothriae bc and sbf closer to each other than to bf; light brown body color; cushion-like gonopods without projections and with internal seminal receptacles.

Description. Carapace ( Fig 6A ): flattened, wider than long (ratio a little over 4/5), with a depression with two small setae in place of the absent median eye tubercle; from this depression starts a thin median furrow that reaches around the posterior area of the pair of lateral hump situated behind the lateral eye spots. Anterior margin with 5–7 small setae. Lateral eyes slightly reduced to a small, whitish spot. Frontal process well developed, much longer than larger, with blunt, reborded apex.

Sternum ( Fig 6B and 6C ). Tri-segmented. Tritosternum with a round basis and projected anteriorly in a small blunt tubercle, with 2 apical, 2 median and 2 basal setae. Middle piece rounded, convex, with 2 setae and a few setulae; the setiferous tubercles are high, which gives an “M” shape to the middle piece. Third piece also rounded and convex, subequal to the middle piece and with two setae. Sternites separated from each other by the diameter of the middle piece.

Abdomen ( Fig 6A and 6B ). Oblong, with almost indistinguishable punctuations, finer than in the carapace. Abdomen concave due to the presence of egg sac present.

Chelicera. Cheliceral furrow ( Fig 2C ) with 4 internal teeth, the distal bifid, the first cusp bigger than the second. Fourth twice as long the others and much stouter. Teeth length (from tip to basis) IV>Ia>Ib = II>III. Claw with 4 denticles, decreasing from the base to the distal part.

Pedipalp. Trochanter ( Fig 6E and 6F ): large ventral apophysis, at the posterior border of the article, spiniform, bearing strong setae and with a blunt tip pointed forwards, and 2 subequal spines, one at the median third and the other at the distal tip of the prolateral face. Femur ( Fig 6E and 6F ): 3 dorsal spines decreasing in size from basal to distal; the third spine half the second and three times smaller than last (I>II>III); two prominent setiferous tubercle before the first spine; 3 ventral spines (I>II>III) with similar sizes to the dorsal. Tibia ( Fig 6E and 6F ): main series with three spines (I>II>III); third half the size of the second, and second 2/3 the first; small accessory spine before the first spine and no small accessory spine after the third, instead a small setiferous tubercle is present; 2 ventral spines, the proximal half the size of the distal. Basitarsus ( Fig 6D, 6E and 6F ): 2 dorsal spines, the basal half the size of the distal. 1 ventral spine at the distal half, 2/3 the size of the distal dorsal spine. Distitarsus ( Fig 6D ): with 2 well developed curved spines, the distal half the size of the article, and the basal 1/3 the size of the distal. Cleaning organ about ½ the article length. Claw ( Fig 6D ): long, with an acute, curved tip.

Legs. S ame as C. brescoviti sp. n. Femur length I>III>IV>II. Tibia I with 21 articles. Tarsus (basitarsus+distitarsus) I with 37 articles. Leg IV: Basitibia: 2 pseudo-articles, with one basal trichobothrium at the last pseudo-article. Distitibia ( Fig 3C ): 3 basal and 13 distal trichobothria (total of 16); trichobothrium bc closer to sbf than to bf. Basitibia-distitibia length BT1>DT>BT3 = BT4>BT2. Basitarsus / distitarsus ratio 7/4, distitarsus tetramerous.

Measurements. Females (n = 4): Cephalothorax: Length: 2.58 mm (2.30–2.77), Width: 3.31 mm (2.78–3.70). Abdomen: 4.07 mm (3.70–4.42). Pedipalp: Femur 1.57 mm (1.2–1,77). Tibia 1.63 mm (1.30–2.14), Basitarsus 0.97 mm (0.89–1.24), Distitarsus 0.66 mm (0.54–0.84), Tarsal claw 0.57 mm (0.52–0.61).

Color Pattern (in alcohol). Chelicerae, pedipalps and carapace yellowish. Legs lighter colored. Abdomen pale yellow. Live animals have color unknown.

Genitalia. Female gonopods ( Fig 4C ) cushion-like, without lateral projections, and without sclerotized parts; atrium opened, with internal seminal receptacles, and several glandular openings; wall of the gonopods with an inflated aspect; similar to the gonopod of C. ricardoi sp. n..

Natural history. Collected in the leaf litter.

Figures

Fig 2. A-H. Mesal view of the right chelicerae of all new species here described. A. Charinus brescoviti sp. n. (female paratype, IBSP 149); B. Charinus ricardoi sp. n. (female paratype, MZSP 22036); C. Charinus bonaldoi sp. n. (female paratype,MPEG 0061); D. Charinus guto sp. n. (female paratype, MZSP 41460); E. Charinus carajas sp. n. (male paratype, MZSP 28291); F. Charinus orientalis sp. n. (female paratype, MZSP 29118); G. Charinus ferreus sp. n. (female paratype, MZSP 29106); H. Charinus bichuetteae sp. n. (male paratype, MNRJ 9173). Scale bars: 1mm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148277.g002

Fig 3. A-H. Trichobothria of left basitibia IV and distitibia IV. A. Charinus brescoviti sp. n. (female holotype, IBSP 149); B. Charinus ricardoi sp. n. (female holotype, MZSP 22036); C. Charinus bonaldoi sp. n. (female paratype, MPEG 0061); D. Charinus guto sp. n. (female holotype, MZSP 48146); E. Charinus carajas sp. n. (female holotype, MZSP 29136); F. Charinus orientalis sp. n. (female paratype, MZSP 29118); G. Charinus ferreus sp. n. (female holotype, MZSP 29104); H. Charinus bichuetteae sp. n. (male paratype, MNRJ 09173). Acronyms: bt, basotibial; bf, basofrontal; bc, basocaudal; sbf, sub-basofrontal; sc, caudal series; sf, frontal series;. Scale bars: 1mm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148277.g003

Fig 4. A-H. Female and male gonopods of the new species described in this paper. A-F. Female gonopods. A. Charinus brescoviti sp. n. (IBSP 149); B. Charinus ricardoi sp. n. (MZSP 22036); C. Charinus bonaldoi sp. n. (MPEG 061); D. Charinus guto sp. n. (MZSP 48146); E. Charinus carajas sp. n. (MZSP 29132); F. Charinus orientalis sp. n. (MNRJ 09249). G-H. Male gonopods.G. Charinus carajas sp. n. (MZSP 29121); H. Charinus ferreus sp. n. (MZSP 29106). Scale bars of figures. A, B, C, E, G, H: 100μm. Scale bars of figures. D, F: 50μm. doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0148277.g004

Fig 6. A-F. Habitus and details of the sternum and pedipalp of Charinus bonaldoi sp. n. (female holotype, MPEG AMB 061) A. Dorsal habitus; B. Ventral habitus of a female with eggs; C. Sternum; D. Frontal view of the right pedipalp basitiba, distitiba and claw; E. Dorsal view of the right pedipalp; F. Ventral view of the left pedipalp. Scale bars: 1mm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148277.g006