Enspeletoma Rasnitsyn & Wedmann, 2024

Sun, Chenhui, Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P., Wedmann, Sonja, Zhuang, Jialiang, Shih, Chungkun, Ren, Dong & Gao, 2024, Revisions * new taxa * and venation transformations of the sawfly family Blasticotomidae sensu lato (Hymenoptera: ºenthredinoidea) highlight the evolution of the basal Hymenoptera, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1) : -

Enspeletoma Rasnitsyn & Wedmann gen. nov.

Type species: Enspeletoma oligocaenica Rasnitsyn & Wedmann gen. et sp. nov. http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C92A60A4-F156-4903-BCCE-07644EE4140C

Etymology: The first part of the genus name is derived from the type locality Enspel; the second part* ‘-toma’* refers to the type genus Blasticotoma Klug * 1834. Gender feminine.

Included species: ºype species only ( Fig. 2A–C).

Diagnosis: Pterostigma almost as long and wide as cell 1mcu; cell 3rm with veins 2r-rs and 2m-cu opposite each other; vein 2r-m about as long as vein 2r-rs; cell 2mcu relatively short* about as long as cell 1r+2rm.

Remarks: Although known from a fragmentary fossil ( Fig. 2A)* the new genus demonstrates diagnostic characters of the subfamily Blasticotominae as defined above and in the key below. It differs clearly from other genera and particularly from the only other Cenozoic fossil* Paremphytus ostentus Brues * 1908 ( Fig. 2D * E)* in having a huge pterostigma and a very short cell 2mcu ( Fig. 2B * C).

Enspeletoma oligocaenica Rasnitsyn & Wedmann gen. et sp. nov.

( Fig. 2A–C)

http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B0B4637E-

607D-4B87-A3C5-4F842B05C035

Diagnosis: As for genus (see above). Etymology: The species is named after the Oligocene* the geological epoch when it was fossilized.

Material: Holotype * coll. no. NHMMZ PE 1995 /9108- LS * only one plate. Dorsoventrally embedded* parts of thorax* large parts of left forewing and basal parts of right forewing preserved ( Fig. 2A); forewing venation can be reconstructed with combined information from both wings ( Fig. 2B * C).

Locality and horizon: Enspel* Westerwald* Germany; Digging site 5* Local horizon 16 ( Wedmann 2000); Upper Oligocene* 24.9–24.5 Mya; Mammal Palaeogene zone MP 28 (Storch et al. 1996* Mertz et al. 2007).

Description: Holotype * NHMMZ PE 1995/9108-LS. Sex unknown. Thorax 3.7 mm long as preserved. Pterostigma dark* very large* ~ 1.1 mm long* 0.6 mm wide. Costal space narrow as preserved* with no traces of Sc visible. Vein 1-Rs distinct* short. 1-M* 1-Cu* and 2-M & RS+M (upper side of cell 1mcu) of almost equal lengths. Rs between 2r-rs and 2r-m much shorter than 2r-rs and slightly longer than 1m-cu. Vein 2r-m about as long as vein 2r-rs* and 2r-m equidistant from 1m-cu and 2m-cu. Cell 2mcu relatively short* about as long as cell 1r+2rm. Cell 1r+2rm as long as cell 3rm. Distal part of cell 3rm apparently very high (higher than distal part of cell 2mcu). 1m-cu about half as long as 3-Cu and 4-Cu. 2-Cu ~0.6 times as long as 1-Cu and ~1.4 times as long as1m-cu.

Subfamily Dahurotominae Sun, Rasnitsyn, Zhuang & Shih subfam. nov. = Protenthredinidae Hong * 1982 (invalid name because of synonymy of type genus name* cf. ICZN #39 )

Type genus: Dahurotoma Rasnitsyn * 1990 [= Protenthredo Hong * 1982 (nom. preocc.)* = Davidsmithia Pagliano && Scaramozzino* 1990 (nom. nov. for Protenthredo Hong * 1982)* = Liaotoma Ren * 1995].

Diagnosis: Forewing Cu with distinct kinks at M+Cu fork and at 1m-cu; cell 1mcu short* scarcely or not at all widened distally and oriented strongly oblique with wing axis.

Composition: ºype genus and Pseudoxyela Rasnitsyn * 1968.

Subfamily Pseudoxyelocerinae Sun, Rasnitsyn, Zhuang & Shih subfam. nov.

Type genus: Pseudoxyelocerus Nel * Petrulevicius & Henrotay* 2004.

Diagnosis: Cu with kinks at M+Cu fork and at 1m-cu distinct but not strong; cell 1mcu long* scarcely or not at all widened distally and oriented moderately oblique with wing axis.

Composition: ºype genus only.

Subfamily Undatominae Sun, Rasnitsyn, Zhuang & Shih subfam. nov.

Type genus: Undatoma Rasnitsyn * 1977. Diagnosis: Cu with no distinct kink at M+Cu fork; 1-Cu distinctly bent; cell 1mcu long* usually distinctly widened apically* oriented moderately oblique with wing axis.

Composition: Besides type genus* Paradoxotoma Gao * Ren & Shih* 2009* Synaptotoma Gao * Ren & Shih* 2009* Liberitoma Sun * Rasnitsyn* Zhuang & Shih* gen. nov.* Aduantoma Sun * Rasnitsyn* Zhuang & Shih* gen. nov.* Apertoma Sun * Rasnitsyn* Zhuang & Shih* gen. nov.