Toxomerus duplicatus (Wiedemann)

Borges, Zuleica M. & Couri, Marcia S., 2009, Revision of Toxomerus Macquart, 1855 (Diptera: Syrphidae) from Brazil with synonymic notes, identification key to the species and description of three new species 2179, Zootaxa 2179, pp. 1-72 : 31-33

Toxomerus duplicatus (Wiedemann)

( Figs. 12, 92, 93, 94)

Syphus duplicatus Wiedemann, 1830: 142 (descr.).

Syrphus vatius Walker, 1852: 240 (descr.); Kertész, 1910: 131 (cat.).

Mesogramma duplicata Schiner, 1868: 350 (n. comb.); Curran, 1926: 114; 1930: 4; 1934: 401 (key); Hull, 1943b: 6, 32 (key & ill.)

Syrphus ochrogaster Thomson, 1869: 494 (descr.); Williston, 1887 (syn.).

Mesograpta duplicata Williston, 1886: 313 (cat. & n. comb.); Lynch-Arribalzaga, 1892: 52 (key); Fluke, 1956: 221 (cat.); Etcheverry, 1963: 59 (distr.).

Toxomerus duplicatus Kertész, 1910: 145 (cat. & n. comb.); Thompson et al., 1976: 50 (cat.).

Mesogramma gemini Hull, 1941c: 312 (descr.); 1943b: 32 (ill.).

Mesogramma bipunctata Hull, 1943b: 23 (descr.).

Megramma vatia Hull, 1943b: 10 (n.comb.).

Megramma arctura Hull, 1943b: 14 , 18 (key & descry.).

Mesograpta bipunctata Fluke, 1956: 219 (cat.).

Mesograpta vatia Fluke, 1956: 232 (cat.).

Mesograpta arctura Fluke, 1956: 218 (cat.).

Toxomerus vatius Thompson et al., 1976: 56 (cat.& n. comb.), syn. nov.

Toxomerus arcturus Thompson et al., 1976: 48 (cat.& n. comb.), syn. nov.

Toxomerus bipunctata Thompson et al., 1976: 48 (cat. & n. comb.), syn. nov.

Toxomerus gemini Thompson et al., 1976: 50 (n. comb. & cat.), syn. nov.

Male. Head: face 1/2 as long as eye width, yellow, shiny except sparsely white pollinose and pilose laterally; gena black; frontal triangle yellow, white pilose; vertical triangle black, bronze pollinose, black pilose; occiput black, silver pollinose, with thick white pile, with a short row of brownish pile superiorly; antenna yellow to brownish, black pilose, arista brown.

Thorax: postpronotum yellow; proepisternum black, white pollinose; proepimeron usually black; scutum black except broadly yellow laterally, bronze pollinose except for bluish-white pollinose medial vitta, yellow pilose; scutellum yellow, black pilose; anterior anepisternum black, long and sparsely yellow pilose; posterior anepisternum black on anterior 1/2, yellow pilose dorsally, posterior ½ yellow, yellow pilose; katepisternum black except dorsal 1/3 yellow, dull, yellow pilose; anterior and dorsomedial anepimeron yellow; posterior anepimeron black; plumula yellow, calypter yellowish with yellowish fringe except brown fringe on dorsal lobe; posterior mesothoracic pleuron (katepimeron, meron, katatergum, anatergum and postscutellum) black, anatergum yellow posterodorsally; methatoracic pleuron yellow; metasternum brown; halter yellow. Legs: pro- and mesocoxae black on basal 2/3, yellow apically, yellow pilose; metacoxa yellow, yellow pilose; trochanters yellow, yellow pilose; pro- and mesofemora yellow, yellow and black pilose; metafemur usually yellow, sometimes with black annulus on apical 1/3, black pilose; tibiae yellow; protibia yellow pilose; mesotibia yellow and black pilose; metatibia black pilose; pro- and mesotarsi yellow to brownish, protarsus yellow pilose, mesotarsus black pilose; metatarsus black, black pilose. Wing: hyaline, extensively microtrichose, bare only: on basal 1/2 or less of cell C, basal 1/5 of cell R1, basal 2/3 or less of cell R and basal 3/4 or less of cell BM; alula usually broader than cell BM appically, sometimes as broad as cell BM, microtrichose ( Fig. 12).

Abdomen: terga yellow and black pilose; 1 st tergum black except yellow anteriorly and laterally; 2 nd tergum black with medial yellow fascia; 3 rd to 4 th terga black with yellow fascia on anterior 1/2 with two medial black macula; 5 th tergum black with yellow fascia on anterior 1/2 with black macula medially. Male genitalia: surstylus more concave laterally than medially, with scattered short setae; postanal process 1/3 as long as surstylus; aedeagus enlarged, proeminent dorsally and ventrally; superior lobe somewhat rounded with long dorsal extension, forked distad, with scattered setae.

Female. Similar to male except for the frons black, bronze pollinose, black pilose.

Female genitalia: 9 th tergum with somewhat semicircle black macula with two concavities posteriorly; epiproct somewhat elliptical; cercus slender; hypoproct somewhat triangular; 9 th sternum as in Fig. 93; three rounded spermatecae similar in size ( Figs. 92–94).

Length. Body 6.5–8.0 mm, wing 6.0–6.5 mm.

Discussion. Many species of Toxomerus present the same abdomen color pattern as Toxomerus duplicatus and the morphology of the male and female genitalia (here described for the first time) helps their segregation. The type material of T. duplicatus is in Natural History Museum Vienna (NMW) and was not seen. Thoug the synonymies were based on the examination of the original description, T. duplicatus identified material, abdomen and genitalia illustration and key from Thompson & Thompson (2006), the male holotype, female allotype and female paratype of Mesogramma arctura , female holotype and female paratype of Mesogramma bipunctata , female holotype of Mesogramma gemini and male holotype of Syrphus vicinus .

Material examined. ARGENTINA. Buenos Aires: San Isidro , 8 ♂ & 2 ♀, 2/IX/1927, R. C. Shannon ( USNM) ; Ao. Carnaval , 4 ♂ & 6 ♀, 26/XI/1979, 03/XII/1979, O. S. Flint Jr. ( USNM) ; Rio Salado , 2 ♂, 2 ♀, 29/XI/1979, O. S. Flint Jr. ( USNM) ; 3 ♂ & 2 f, 13–14/XII/1979, O. S. Flint Jr. ( USNM) . BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Ouro Preto , ♂, VIII/1961, N. L. H. Krauss ( USNM) . Rio de Janeiro: Friburgo , ♂, II/1932, M. L. ( MNRJ) . Petrópolis , ♂, 24–27/X/1919 ( USNM) . Itatiaia , ♂, V/1945, Barreto ( CNC) . São Paulo: São Paulo ♂, 1964 ( CNC) ; ♂, 27/XII/1972, B. V. Peterson ( CNC) . Bocaina , 3 ♂, V/1951, Dalcy & Machado ( MNRJ) ; 4 ♂ & ♀, XI/1970, M. Alvarenga ( MNRJ) ; Campos do Jordão , 4 ♂, III/1945, Wygodzinsky ( MNRJ) ; Salesópolis , ♂, III/1969, N. Papavero ( MZSP) . Paraná: Curitiba , ♂, X/1939, A. G. Silva ( CNC) ; ♂, III/1954, N. H. L. Krauss ( USNM) . Santa Catarina: Nova Teutônia , 17 ♂, 3♀, VI/1964, VII/1964, IX/1964, X/1964, XI/1964, XII/1964, I/1965, II/1965, VII/1965, X/1971, XI/1971, XII/1971, F. Plaumann ( USNM) ; ♂, XI/ 1969, F. Plaumann ( CNC) ; Rio Grande do Sul: Quinta , ♂ & ♀, 28/IX/1919, E. G. Holt ( USNM) ; Pelotas , 7♂ ,

3♀, 20/X/1956, 25/X/1961, C. M. Biezanko ( USNM) ; 2♂, 2 ♀, 18/IX/1963, 30/IX/1963, C. M. Biezanko ( MZSP) . URUGUAY. Brisa de la Plata: 3 ♂ & 2 ♀, 6/XII/1943, H. L. Parker ( USNM) .

Geographical record. Widespread, from Mexico to southern South America.