Toxomerus pictus (Macquart)

Borges, Zuleica M. & Couri, Marcia S., 2009, Revision of Toxomerus Macquart, 1855 (Diptera: Syrphidae) from Brazil with synonymic notes, identification key to the species and description of three new species 2179, Zootaxa 2179, pp. 1-72 : 45-47

Toxomerus pictus (Macquart)

( Figs. 128–130)

Syrphus pictus Macquart, 1842: 159 (descr.); Williston, 1886: 312 (cat.).

Mesogramma poecilogastra Loew, 1866: 159 (descr.); Giglio-Tos, 1893: 52 (syn.).

Mesogramma picta Schiner, 1868: 347 ; Aldrich, 1905: 371 (cat.); Curran, 1930: 3 (key); 1934: 402 (key); Hull, 1943b: 14, 30 (key & ill.).

Mesograpta poecilogastra Loew, 1872: 120 (index); Osten Sacken, 1875: 49 (cat.); 1878: 125 (cat.).

Mesograpta jaguarinus Bigot, 1884: 112 (descr.); Fluke, 1957: 154 (cat.).

Mesograpta maculata Bigot, 1884: 111 (descr.).

Mesograpta ? cuprina Bigot, 1884: 114 (descr.); Thompson et al., 1976: 53 (cat. & syn.).

Mesogramma maculata Williston, 1891: 28 (cat.); Hull, 1943b: 13, 30 (key & ill.).

Toxomerus pictus Kertész, 1910: 148 (cat. & n. comb.); Boyes et al., 1971: 121 (cariotype); Thompson et al., 1976: 53 (cat.); Thompson, 1981: 93 (key).

Toxomerus jaguarinus Kertész, 1910: 147 (cat. & n. comb.); Thompson et al., 1976: 52 (cat.), syn. nov.

Toxomerus maculatus Kertész, 1910: 147 (cat. & n. comb.); Thompson et al., 1976: 52 (cat.), syn. nov.

Mesogramma pictus var. melleoguttata Hull, 1941b: 45 (descr.).

Mesogramma extrapolata Hull, 1943b: 22 , 30 (descry. & ill.)

Mesograpta extrapolata Fluke, 1956: 222 (cat.).

Mesograpta picta Fluke, 1956: 228 (cat.).

Toxomerus extrapolatus Thompson et al., 1976: 52 (cat. & n. comb.); Thompson, 1981: 94 (syn.).

Male. Head: face 1/3 as long as eye width, yellow, shiny except sparsely white pollinose and pilose laterally; gena brown; frontal triangle yellow, white pilose; vertical triangle black, bronze pollinose, black pilose; occiput black, silver pollinose, with thick white pile, with a short row of brownish pile superiorly; antenna yellow, black pilose, arista brown.

Thorax: postpronotum yellow; proepisternum black, white pollinose; proepimeron black; scutum black except broadly yellow laterally, bronze pollinose except for bluish-white pollinose medial vitta, yellow pilose; scutellum black to brownish with yellow margins, yellow pilose, rarely with black piles on posterior margins; anterior anepisternum black, bare; posterior anepisternum black on anterior 1/2, bare, posterior ½ yellow, yellow pilose; katepisternum black except dorsal 1/3 yellow, dull, yellow pilose; anepimeron black; plumula yellow, calypter yellowish with yellowish fringe except brown fringe on dorsal lobe; posterior mesothoracic pleuron (katepimeron, meron, katatergum, anatergum and postscutellum) black, anatergum brownish posterodorsally; methatoracic pleuron yellow; metasternum brown; halter yellow. Legs: pro- and mesocoxae black on basal 2/3, yellow apically, yellow pilose; metacoxa yellow, yellow pilose; trochanters yellow, yellow pilose; pro- and mesofemora yellow, yellow pilose, mesofemur black pilose on apical 1/3; metafemur yellow except for black annulus on apical 1/3, yellow and black pilose; pro- and mesotibiae yellow, yellow pilose; metatibia yellow except for black annulus on basal 1/3 or black on basal 2/3 and yellow on apical 1/3, yellow and black pilose; pro- and mesotarsi yellow, yellow pilose; metatarsus brown, black pilose. Wing: hyaline, extensively microtrichose, bare only: on basal 1/2 or less of cell C, basal 1/5 of cell R1, basal 2/3 or less of cell R and basal 3/4 or less of cell BM; alula broader than cell BM appically, microtrichose.

Abdomen: terga yellow and black pilose; 1 st tergum black except yellow laterally; 2 nd tergum black with medial yellow fascia and yellow latero-anteriorly; 3 rd to 4 th terga black with a lateral yellow vittae on anterior 1/3, sub-lateral arcuate yellow vittae and medial yellow vitta extending to posterior margin; 5 th tergum yellow with sub-lateral black vittae and medial black vitta T-shaped. Male genitalia: surstylus narrow all with the same width, with scattered short setae, some long on dorsal surface; postanal process 1/2 as long as surstylus; aedeagus enlarged, proeminent dorsally and ventrally; superior lobe somewhat rectangular, slightly forked posterodorsally, with hairs anterodorsally and in distad anteroventral margin, with small lobe posteroventrally.

Female. Similar to male except for the frons black, white pollinose, black pilose.

Female genitalia: 9 th tergum with a little somewhat rounded black macula concave posteriorly; epiproct somewhat elliptical; cercus slender; hypoproct somewhat triangular; 9 th sternum as in Fig. 129; three ellipitical spermatecae similar in size ( Figs. 128–130).

Length. Body 7.0 mm, wing 5.8–6.5 mm.

Discussion. The synonymies were based on the exam of the male holotype of Mesograpta jaguarinus , female syntype of Mesograpta maculata and male holotype of Mesogramma picta var. melleoguttata , determinated by Hull as variation of Mesogramma pi c ta.

Type material examined. Holotype. PANAMA. Canal Zone : Barro Colorado Island, Mesogramma picta var. melleoguttata , male, 25/VIII/1937, Hull ( AMNH).

Other material examined. MEXICO. Veracruz: Salto de Eyplanta , ♀, 20/VIII/1989, A. L. Norrbom ( USNM) ; Balzapote , ♂ & ♀, 17/IX/1987, A. L. Norrbom ( USNM) . GUATEMALA. San Antonio : ♂ & ♀, 6/ VII/1965, P. J. Spangler ( USNM) . Escuintla: 2 ♀, 10/VIII/1965, P. J. Spangler ( USNM) . Matias de Galvez , ♀, 14–15/VIII/1965, P. J. Spangler ( USNM) . HONDURAS. Tegucigalpa : ♀, 30/X/1965, N. L. H. Krauss

( USNM). EL SALVADOR. Rosario Cuzcatlan: ♂ & ♀, 19/XI/1953, M. Salazar ( USNM) ; 3♂ & 3♀, 20/VII/ 1955, 23/VII/1955, 24/VII/1955, M. S. V. ( USNM) . NICARAGUA. Esteli: ♀, 22/VIII/1972, G. F. & S. Hevel ( USNM) . COSTA RICA. Heredia: La Selva , ♀, 10–14/X/1973, P. A. Opler ( USNM) . CUBA. Havana: ♀, I– II/1945 ( USNM) ; Santa Clara: San Juan , ♂, I– II/1927, C. T. & B. B. Brues ( USNM) . JAMAICA. Moneague : ♀, I/1923, W. S. Brooks ( USNM) . PANAMA. Canal Zone: Sumit , 2 ♀, VII/1953, Krauss ( USNM) . PUERTO RICO. Luquillo Forest : ♀, 17/XII/1962, Paul & Phyllis Spangler ( USNM) . VENEZUELA. San Esteban : ♀, XI/1939, Pablo Anduze ( USNM) . ECUADOR. 2 ♂ & ♀, 1962 ( USNM) . BRAZIL. Pará: Belém , 11♂, 4 ♀, 15/IV–3/VI/1967, Y. Sedman ( USNM) ; Altamira , ♀, 8–16/X/1986, P. Spangler & O. Flint ( USNM) . Pernambuco: Caruaru , ♂, IV/1972 & 2 ♀, V/1972, M.Alvarenga and J. Lima ( MNRJ) ; Rondônia: Vilhena , ♀, X/1986, P. Magno & J. Becker ( MNRJ) ; Goiás: Campinas , ♂, 8/II/1934 ( MNRJ) . Brasília : D. F., ♀, 3/III/1970, J. M. & B. A. Campbell ( CNC) . Minas Gerais: Lagoa Santa , 2 ♀, 18/ I/1977, L. Knutson ( USNM) . Espírito Santo: Linhares , ♂ & 6 ♀, V/1972 and VII/1972, P. C. Elias ( MNRJ) ; Rio de Janeiro: Tijuca , ♂, II/1974, Seabra ( MNRJ) ; Estrada Rio São Paulo km 47, ♂, 9/V/1945, B. Ramos ( MNRJ) ; São Paulo: Barueri , 2 ♂ & ♀, 3.IV.1955 ( MZSP) ; Boracea , ♀, IV-1946 ( MZSP) ; ♀, 6-11/III/1948 ( MZSP) ; Juquiá , ♂, J. Lane ( MZSP) ; M. das Cruzes , ♀, XI/1939, Carrera ( MZSP) ; Horto Florestal , ♂, III/ 1952, M. Carrera and M. d’Andretta ( MZSP) ; Rio Grande do Sul: Derrubadas , ♀, 26/IV/2003, Mirian N. Morales ( UNISC) .

Geographical record. Widespread, from Mexico to southern South America.