Toxomerus virgulatus (Macquart)

Borges, Zuleica M. & Couri, Marcia S., 2009, Revision of Toxomerus Macquart, 1855 (Diptera: Syrphidae) from Brazil with synonymic notes, identification key to the species and description of three new species 2179, Zootaxa 2179, pp. 1-72 : 58-59

Toxomerus virgulatus (Macquart)

( Figs. 40, 74, 75, 76, 164, 165, 166)

Syrphus virgulatus Macquart, 1850: 456 (descr.); Williston, 1886: 312 (cat.); Kertész, 1910: 149 (cat.); Fluke, 1957: 156

(cat.). Mesogramma confusa Schiner, 1868: 349 (descr.); Curran, 1930: 3 (key); 1934: 400 (key); Hull, 1943b: 14 (key). Mesograpta maculipes Bigot, 1884: 113 (descr.); Kertész, 1910: 145 (cat. & syn.). Toxomerus confusus Kertész, 1910: 145 (cat. & n. comb.); Thompson et al., 1976: 48 (cat.); Thompson, 1981: 101 (key),

syn. nov. Mesogramma alphabetica Hull, 1942: 105 (descr.); Hull, 1943b: 14, 36 (key & ill.). Mesogramma virgulatus Hull, 1943b: 11 (key). Mesogramma alphabetica var. flavopocula Hull, 1948: 9 . Mesograpta confusa Fluke, 1956: 220 (cat.). Mesograpta alphabetica Fluke, 1956: 217 (cat.). Toxomerus virgulatus Thompson et al., 1976: 56 (cat. & n. comb.). Toxomerus alphabeticus Thompson et al., 1976: 47 (cat. & n. comb.).

Male. Head: face 1/2 as long as eye width, yellow, shiny except sparsely white pollinose and pilose laterally; gena brown; frontal triangle yellow, white pilose; vertical triangle black, white and bronze pollinose, black pilose; occiput black, silver pollinose, with thick white pile, with a short row of brownish pile superiorly; antenna yellow, black pilose, arista brown.

Thorax: postpronotum yellow; proepisternum black, white pollinose; proepimeron black; scutum black except broadly yellow laterally, bronze pollinose except for bluish-white pollinose medial vitta, yellow pilose; scutellum brown with yellow margins, yellow pilose with black piles on posterior margin; anterior anepisternum black, short and sparsely yellow pilose; posterior anepisternum black on anterior 1/2, yellow pilose dorsally, posterior ½ yellow, yellow pilose; katepisternum black except dorsal 1/3 yellow, dull, yellow pilose; anepimeron black; plumula yellow, calypter yellowish with yellowish fringe except brown fringe on dorsal lobe; posterior mesothoracic pleuron (katepimeron, meron, katatergum, anatergum and postscutellum) black, anatergum brownish posterodorsally; methatoracic pleuron yellow; metasternum yellow; halter yellow. Legs: pro- and mesocoxae black on basal 2/3, yellow apically, yellow pilose; metacoxa yellow, yellow pilose; trochanters yellow, yellow pilose; pro- and mesofemora yellow with brown macula on apical 1/3 dorsally, yellow pilose, mesofemur black pilose on apical 1/3; metafemur yellow except for black annulus on apical 1/ 2, yellow and black pilose; pro- and mesotibiae yellow, yellow pilose; metatibia brown, yellow and black pilose; pro- and mesotarsi yellow, yellow piloso, mesotarsus black pilose; metatarsus brown, black pilose.

Wing: hyaline, extensively microtrichose, bare only: on basal 1/2 or less of cell C, basal 1/5 of cell R1, basal 2/3 or less of cell R and basal 3/4 or less of cell BM; alula as broad as cell BM appically, microtrichose.

Abdomen: terga yellow and black pilose; 1 st tergum black except yellow anteriorly and laterally; 2 nd tergum black with medial yellow fascia interrupt medially; 3 rd to 5 th terga black with lateral yellow macula on anterior 1/3 and arcuate medial yellow vittae ( Fig. 40). Male genitalia: surstylus broader medially in dorsal view and almost as long as epandrium, with scattered setae; postanal process little distinct; aedeagus all enlarged; superior lobe somewhat quadrangular with dorsal extension, with scattered hairs, with small lobe dorsally with hairs ( Figs. 74–76).

Female. Similar to male except for the frons black, white pollinose, black pilose. Anterior anepisternum bare.

Female genitalia: 9 th tergum with a little rounded arch black macula; epiproct somewhat elliptical; cercus slender; hypoproct somewhat triangular; 9 th sternum as in Fig. 165; three oval spermatecae similar in size ( Figs. 164–166).

Length. Body 6.0–6.6 mm, wing 4.3–5.2 mm.

Discussion. The synonymies were based on the exam of the male holotype of Syrphus virgulatus and female allotype of Mesogramma confusa .

Type material examined. Holotype. Syrphus virgulatus , male ( OXUM).

Other material examined. MEXICO. Veracruz: Balzapote , ♀, 17/ IX/1987, A. L. Norrbom ( USNM) . GUATEMALA. Yepocapa : 2 ♂ & ♀, VI/1948, H. T. Dalmat ( USNM) . NICARAGUA. Granada: ♀, Baker ( USNM) . COSTA RICA. Pedregoso : ♂, 1961, D. L. Rounds ( USNM) . PANAMA. Chirrigui Volcan : ♂, X/ 1959, N. L. H. Krauss ( USNM) . VENEZUELA. San Esteban : ♂, XI/1939, Pablo Anduze ( USNM) . COLOMBIA. El Colegio: ♂, 23/ V/1946, E. A. Chapin ( USNM) . BRAZIL. Pará: Belém , 22♂, 9♀ 12–30/IV/ 1967, Y. Sedman ( USNM) ; 23♂, 11♀, 1/V–2/VI/1967, Y. Sedman ( USNM) ; Pernambuco: Caruaru , ♂, V/ 1972, J. Lima ( MNRJ) ; Brasília: Distrito Federal , 3 ♂, 7–9/III/1952, A. G. da Silva ( MNRJ) ; Mato Grosso: Maracajú , ♂, ♀, V/1937, VI/1937 ( USNM) . Bahia: ♂, V/1929, Rock Found ( USNM) . Salobra , ♂, VII/1939, Exp. C. Z. B. ( MZSP) ; Minas Gerais: Pedra Azul , 2 ♀, XI/1970, F. M. Oliveira ( MNRJ) ; Varginha , ♀, II/ 1972, M. Alvarenga ( MNRJ) ; Rio de Janeiro: Tijuca , 2 ♂ & ♀, II/1972, Seabra ( MNRJ) ; São Cristóvão , ♂, 6/VII/1978, A. Almeida ( MNRJ) ; Tinguá , ♂ ( MNRJ) ; Itatiaia , ♀, 26/IX/1954, Lago Azul, Albuquerque and Barros ( MNRJ) ; Muriqui , 7 ♂ & 4 ♀, VII/1969, M. Alvarenga ( MNRJ) ; São Paulo: São José dos Campo, ♀, VII/1933, H. S. Lopes ( MNRJ) ; Guarujá , ♂, 25–30/I/1941, M. Carrera ( MZSP) ; Juquiá , ♂, XII/1938, J. Lane ( MZSP) ; ♂ IV/1941 J. Lane ( MZSP) ; Cantareira , ♂, XI/1951, M. Carrera & M. A. V. d`Andretta ( MZSP) ; Barueri , ♂ & ♀, VIII/1955, K. Lenko ( MZSP) ; Bocaina , ♂ & 2 ♀, XI/1969, Alvarenga & Seabra ( MNRJ) ; Tamoyo , ♀, II/1944, Barreto ( MNRJ) ; São Vicente , ♀, VIII/1961, N. L. H. Krauss ( USNM) ; Rio Claro , ♂, 14/ I/1977, L. Knutson ( USNM) ; Guarujá , 2 ♂, I/1942, M. Carrera ( USNM) . Paraná: Antonina , ♂, 24/XI/1986, Reserva Sapitanduva, Lev. Ent. PROFAUPAR ( DZUP) ; Colombo , ♀, 12/I/1987, EMBRAPA Br 476 km 20, Lev. Ent. PROFAUPAR ( DZUP) ; Guarapuava , ♂ 15/IX/1986 & ♀ 20/X/1986, Est. Águas Santa Clara, Lev. Ent. PROFAUPAR ( DZUP) ; Iguazu , ♂, 6/X/1927, R. C. Shannon ( USNM) . Santa Catarina: Bom Retiro , ♀, I/1929 ( MNRJ) . Nova Teutônia , 26♂, 10♀, 5/IV/1960, VI/1964, IX/1964, X/1964, XII/1964, II/1965, II/ 1965, VII/1965, X/1965; V/1970, X/1971, IX/1971, III/1973, IV/1973, F. Plaumann ( USNM) ; 16 ♂ & 3 ♀, XI/1969, I/1970, II/1970, F. Plaumann ( CNC) .. Chapecó ♂, VII/1960, F. Plaumann ( CNC) . Rio Grande do Sul: Santa Cruz do Sul , 2 ♂, 21/XI/2001 & ♀, 19/IX/2003, Cinturão Verde ( UNISC) ; Derrubadas , ♂, 26/IV/ 2003, Pq. das Fontes ( UNISC) . PARAGUAY. Villarrica : 6♂, 4 ♀, V/1937, VII/1937, XII/1937, VIII/1938, F. Schade ( USNM) .

Geographical record. Widespread, from Mexico to southern Brazil